Biomedical subjects

S Hisano

Publications and source records attributed to S Hisano.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Efficacy of once weekly erythropoietin therapy in children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

The efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on 10 anemic children undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was evaluated. A mean dose of 93 U/kg of rHuEPO was given once a week for 24 weeks, either intravenously to 5 children or subcutaneously to the other 5. Anemia improved in all children by this therapy. The mean hemoglobin and hematocrit levels increased gradually but significantly from 6.9 g/dl and 20.2% to 9.4 g/dl and 30.1%, respectively, at the end of the study. Elevation of blood pressure or other side effects were not noted in any patient. The present study indicates that the once-a-week injection of rHuEPO by the intravenous or subcutaneous route is effective in children undergoing CAPD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

The natural history of screening detected IgA glomerulonephritis in children.

The clinical course of 43 children with IgA glomerulonephritis detected by mass urine screening was followed for a mean period of 8.1 years. Histological findings were graded according to the severity of glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. There was no correlation in the severity of histological grade and clinical outcome between subjects with microscopic hematuria and those with microscopic hematuria and proteinuria nor between those with and without one or more episodes of macroscopic hematuria during the follow-up period. None of the 35 children with proteinuria less than or equal to 1 g/m2/day had severe histological findings or developed renal impairment. In contrast, the 8 children with proteinuria greater than 1 g/m2/day had moderate and severe histological findings. Four of these 8 children developed hypertension or renal insufficiency during the follow-up period. Our study indicates that the outcome of screening detected IgA glomerulonephritis in children correlates with the level of proteinuria and the severity of renal pathology.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Substance P-containing neurons innervating LHRH-containing neurons in the septo-preoptic area of rats.

Neuroanatomical attempts have been made to determine the synapses between luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-containing neurons and substance P (SP)-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of female rats. Wheat germ agglutinin was injected into the septo-preoptic area (SPA) and found to be incorporated into certain SP-containing neurons within the arcuate nucleus and the ventrolateral portion of the anterior hypothalamus. Hence, we used a preembedding double immuno-staining technique in demonstrating LHRH and SP neurons in the SPA. In light-microscopic preparations LHRH was labeled with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) as chromogen while SP was labeled with silver-gold particles; brown LHRH cells appeared to be surrounded by black silver-gold dots. In electron-microscopic preparations, the labelings for LHRH and SP were made reversely; SP was localized with DAB chromogen, and SP-containing axonal terminals appeared to make synaptic contacts on silver-gold-labeled LHRH cell bodies and dendritic processes. The terminals contained numerous small clear vesicles and some large dense-cored vesicles, and the synaptic membrane specialization appeared to be symmetric and asymmetric. These findings indicate that certain SP neurons existing in the arcuate nucleus and the ventrolateral portion of the anterior hypothalamus may project fibers to make synaptic contact with LHRH neurons in the SPA in the rat.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical localization of glucocorticoid receptors in anterior pituitary cells of rats.

Adenohypophysial cells having a glucocorticoid receptor were immunohistochemically determined in rats. For detecting the presence of the glucocorticoid receptor, we used the monoclonal antibody for a glucocorticoid receptor (BuGR-2), and immunohistochemically examined the phenotypes of the cells that exhibited BuGR-2-immunoreactivity. The immunoreaction for the glucocorticoid receptor was confined to the nuclei of the majority of corticotrophs (70%) and of some somatotrophs in intact animals. Following adrenalectomy, all corticotrophs became significantly hypertrophic, losing their immunoreactivity for the glucocorticoid receptor. In contrast, somatotrophs that had also lost the immunoreactivity for the glucocorticoid receptor in the nuclei greatly diminished in size. Intraperitoneal administration of corticosterone was performed in adrenalectomized animals to supplement glucocorticoids. This treatment restored BuGR-2-immunoreactivity in the nuclei of some corticotrophs. In intact rats, immunolabeled corticotrophs were classified into two types, stellate and polyhedral. However, the immunoreaction for the glucocorticoid receptor was equally evident in the cell nuclei of these different types of cells. It is concluded that, in rats, both corticotrophs and somatotrophs are target cells of glucocorticoids, although these cell types display opposite growth responses to the removal of glucocorticoids.

Adrenalectomy↗

PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical evidence for synaptic connections between neuropeptide Y-containing axons and periventricular somatostatin neurons in the anterior hypothalamus in rats.

By employing a pre-embedding double immunolabeling technique, we examined light and electron microscopically synaptic associations between neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing axons and somatostatin (SRIH)-containing neurons in the anterior periventricular area (APV) of the rat hypothalamus. For light microscopy, the immunoreactions for NPY and SRIH were visualized with silver-gold and diaminobenzidine (DAB), respectively, and the reverse labeling was used for electron microscopy. Light microscopy disclosed many brown SRIH perikarya surrounded by several black beads of NPY fibers in the APV. In electron microscopy, immunoreactive SRIH neurons revealed silver-gold particles scattered throughout the cytoplasm and accumulated in the Golgi area and the secretory granules. SRIH perikarya and dendritic processes indicated synaptic associations with DAB-labeled NPY fiber terminals and immunonegative fibers. NPY presynaptic terminals possessed numerous small clear vesicles and a few dense core vesicles; vesicular membranes and cores were labeled with DAB chromogen. Both the pre- and postsynaptic membranes were thickened equally to be a symmetric synapse. These findings suggest that NPY neurons are involved in the regulation of growth hormone secretion from the pituitary by affecting periventricular SRIH neurons.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Vasopressin-deficient paraventricular magnocellular neurons of homozygous Brattleboro rats synthesize neuropeptide Y.

Immunohistochemical study was carried out to determine whether neuropeptide Y (NPY), which was only found in certain experimental procedures in arginine vasopressin (AVP)-containing neurons of the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus, might also be synthesized in AVP-deficient homozygous Brattleboro (BB) rats. After an intraventricular colchicine administration, NPY was found in many AVP-deficient non-oxytocinergic magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in BB rats, but not in suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons. The results suggest that the NPY synthesis is a phenotype of magnocellular non-oxytocinergic neurosecretory neurons and occurs independently from the synthesis of AVP.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Morphological evidence for neuronal regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-containing neurons by neuropeptide Y in the rat septo-preoptic area.

Using a preembedding double immunolabeling technique, synaptic contacts were found between luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-containing neurons and neuropeptide Y-containing axonal fibers in the rat septo-preoptic area. In demonstrating LHRH neurons, we used mainly an antiserum generated against rat gonadotrophic hormone-releasing hormone-associated peptide. Although many diaminobenzidine-labeled neuropeptide Y-containing fibers were seen around silver-gold-labeled LHRH cell bodies, synapses with synaptic membrane specialization were scarce. The fiber terminals usually contained many small clear vesicles and some large cored vesicles. The synapses were characterized with the presynaptic accumulation of the small clear vesicles and symmetric thickenings of the synaptic membranes.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Intragranular co-storage of neuropeptide Y and arginine vasopressin in the paraventricular magnocellular neurons of the rat hypothalamus.

Certain populations of arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons in the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus became immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y (NPY) when rats were treated with colchicine or monosodium glutamate (MSG). The co-storage of these peptides was examined by employing a post-embedding electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry technique using gold-labeled antibodies to the two peptides. In colchicine-treated rats, the neuronal perikarya contained numerous secretory granules showing co-storage of the two peptides. The cells of the MSG-treated rats were characterized by having well-developed Golgi bodies with the granular structures also co-storing the two peptides, although the secretory granules in the perikarya were rather fewer than in the colchicine-treated rats. It is concluded that the destruction of the arcuate nucleus by MSG-treatment may potentiate the synthesis of NPY in AVP neurons, the synthesis of which is latent in intact animals.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Efficacy of cyclosporin A for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

In an 11-year-old girl with severe dyspnoea and cyanosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was diagnosed. The PaO2 of blood could be maintained between 50 mm Hg and 70 mm Hg with a high dose pulse corticosteroid therapy, although this dose could not be reduced. Azathioprine in addition to prednisolone provoked deterioration. Twelve weeks after admission, cyclosporin A (Cs A), a known immunosuppressant, was started together with prednisolone. The PaO2 reverted to normal within 1 month and prednisolone could be tapered off within 6 months. Two years after admission, the patient is free of symptoms on continuous Cs A therapy. This case seems to be the first case successfully treated with Cs A.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1990

Appearance of neurons with glucocorticoid receptors and neurovascular links in the embryonal rat hypothalamus grafted in the third ventricle.

We have investigated the appearance of the transmitter phenotypes of hypothalamic neurons in grafts transplanted into the third ventricle of adult female rats. The grafts were the mediobasal hypothalamus and the preoptic area of 12.5-day-old rat embryos, and were examined 40-100 days later. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was injected into the jugular vein of several animals for the examination of the existence of neurovascular associations. Three days after the injection, WGA appeared to have been incorporated into the neurons in the paraventricular, periventricular, and arcuate nuclei of the host animals. In the grafts, WGA was also seen incorporated in certain neurons which were found immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), rat corticotropin-releasing factor (rCRF), substance P (SP), or somatostatin (SRIH). Neurons immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and ACTH did not seem to incorporate WGA. These findings suggest that the neurons containing TH, rCRF, SP, or SRIH link with fenestrated capillaries developed in the grafts. The immunoreactivity for glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was detected mainly in the nucleus of certain neurons and glial cells in the grafts as well as in the host hypothalamic neurons. In the grafts, strong GR immunoreactivity was detected in the cells immunoreactive for TH, NPY, and rCRF as in the host animals. It is concluded that the undifferentiated hypothalamic neurons differentiate to synthesize GR as well as definitive peptides and TH in the grafts.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Renal osteodystrophy in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Twelve patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were studied in order to evaluate the progression of renal osteodystrophy (ROD). All patients received doses of 0.01-0.02 microgram/kg of 1 alpha vitamin D3 (1 alpha-D3) and 0.1-0.15 g/kg of calcium carbonate for 12-18 months. Serum total protein, total calcium (Ca), creatinine, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and n-terminal parathyroid hormone were measured regularly. The radiological bone appearance for ROD or rickets and the height standard deviation score were compared between the outset and the end of this study. An increase of Ca values and a decrease of ALP values correlated with a suppression of hyperparathyroidism, and the hyperphosphatemia was controlled in the majority of our patients throughout this study. Two patients had ROD and rickets at the outset of this study, and all patients but one had neither ROD nor rickets at the end of this study. Growth retardation improved or remained stable in 10 patients. Our results indicate that adequate doses of 1 alpha-D3 and calcium carbonate are effective in the prevention of ROD and rickets in patients on CAPD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Epidemiologic survey of children with end-stage renal disease.

We performed an epidemiologic study on the basis of a questionnaire survey of 162 children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Sixty-nine (43%) of our 162 children, including 25 detected at mass screening of urine, were found by chance hematuria and/or proteinuria. The three major causes of ESRD in our children were chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in 56, congenital anomalies of the urinary tract in 30, and nephrotic syndrome (NS) in 27. The renal pathology in 39 children with CGN or NS was focal glomerular sclerosis in 15, diffuse mesangial GN in 7, IgA GN in 5, membranoproliferative GN in 3, membranous GN in 3, and unclassified in 6. Forms of dialysis initiated were hemodialysis in 91 children, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) in 66, and intermittent PD in 5. Renal transplantation was performed on 38 children, and the graft and the patient survival rates were 76% and 89%, respectively. The survival rate of our 162 children for a mean follow-up of 8.1 years was 77%. In conclusion, an integrated program of maintenance dialysis and transplantation provides a favorable life for children with ESRD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Adult T-cell leukemia associated with pure red cell aplasia-like lesion].

An adult T cell leukemia associated with pure red cell aplasia-like lesion was described in this paper. A 51 year-old woman was admitted because of headache and palpitation in October 1988. On admission, physical examination showed marked pallor but no detectable superficial lymphadenopathies. Hepatosplenomegaly was not observed. The blood examination revealed normocytic anemia with Hb of 6.6 g/dl and marked leukocytosis of 18,800/microliters with 43% ATL cells. The bone marrow aspirate showed moderate infiltration of ATL cells and a few erythroblasts. The bone marrow biopsy disclosed moderate infiltration of ATL cells, only a few erythroblasts with maturation arrest and marked fibrosis. The erythropoietin in serum was elevated (686 IU/microliters). To clarify the mechanism of development of the PRCA-like lesion, the peripheral blood lymphocytes (ATL cells) or serum of the patient was added to in vitro erythroid colony formation. The patient's serum increased BFU-E but either serum or lymphocytes didn't inhibit the growth of CFU-E compared with control.

Anemia↗

PubMed1989

Rearrangement of T-cell receptor delta chain gene as a marker of lineage and clonality in T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.

We analyzed the rearrangement of T-cell receptor (TcR) delta chain gene in 88 cases of lymphoproliferative disorders; 31 acute lymphoblastic leukemias/lymphoblastic lymphomas (ALL/LBL); 27 adult T-cell leukemias/lymphomas, 9 angioimmunoblastic lymphoadenopathies (AILD); 10 T-cell lymphomas (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma); and 11 Hodgkin's disease. All of 9 T-ALL/LBL cases, of which 4 cases have neither beta nor gamma gene rearrangement, had a new rearranged band of TcR delta locus. Ten of 16 B-lineage ALL/LBL had rearranged band(s) or deletion of TcR delta locus. The rearranged bands were recognized in 2 cases of AILD and 1 case of T-cell lymphoma. All cases of adult T-cell leukemias/lymphomas, 4 of AILD, 4 of T-cell lymphoma, and 8 of Hodgkin's disease had deleted TcR delta locus. Heterogeneous findings of TcR delta locus analysis were observed in AILD, T-cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease. In 16 cases with TcR delta rearrangement, the J delta 1 region was frequently used and the J delta 2 region was rearranged in one AILD. It is suspected that J delta 3 was used in one T-ALL/LBL. There was no correlation between the phenotypic pattern of CD3, CD4, CD8 in T-cell disorders and the rearrangement of the TcR delta gene. These findings suggest that the newly identified TcR delta chain gene rearranges at a very early stage of T-cell ontogeny; prior to the other TcR genes and perhaps at almost the same stage with CD7 expression. The TcR delta gene is useful in assessing clonality for the most immature T-cell neoplasms not showing rearrangement of the other TcR genes. This gene is not lineage specific; however, when used in conjunction with immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, it may be a useful tool to distinguish lymphoid lineage of ALL/LBL.

Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte↗

PubMed1989

Topographic relations between tyrosine hydroxylase- and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-immunoreactive fibers in the median eminence of adult rats.

Employing electron microscopic double immunolabeling, we determined a close apposition of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) nerve fibers in the rat median eminence (ME). These axo-axonic contacts occurred frequently in the internal and palisade zones, i.e. at the level of the fiber preterminals. In the superficial area of the ME, major TH fibers abutted on the basal lamina and some were projected into the pericapillary space of the portal vessels. Conversely, LHRH fibers were arrested by the endfeet of tanycytes in reaching the basal lamina.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Synaptic regulation of paraventricular arginine vasopressin-containing neurons by neuropeptide Y-containing monoaminergic neurons in rats. Electron-microscopic triple labeling.

Synaptic regulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP)-containing neurons by neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing monoaminergic neurons was demonstrated in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. NPY and AVP were immunolabeled in the pre- and the post-embedding procedures, respectively, and monoaminergic fibers were marked by incorporating 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA), a false neurotransmitter. The immunoreaction for NPY was expressed by diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogen, and that for AVP by gold particles. The DAB chromogen was localized on the surface of the membrane structures, such as vesicles or mitochondria, and on the core of large cored vesicles. Gold particles were located on the core of the secretory granules within the AVP cell bodies and processes. The incorporated 5-OHDA was found as dense cores within small or large vesicular structures. From these data, three types of nerve terminals were discernible: NPY-containing monoaminergic, NPY-containing non-aminergic, and monoaminergic fibers. The AVP cell bodies appeared to have synaptic junctions formed by these nerve terminals as well as by the unlabeled nerve terminals which have small clear vesicles and large cored vesicles. These different types of nerve terminals were frequently observed in a closely apposed position on the same AVP cell bodies. The functional relationships of these three types of neuronal terminals are discussed.

3,3'-Diaminobenzidine↗

PubMed1989

Systemic lupus erythematosus of childhood onset: correlation between T cells expressing early and late activation antigens and disease activity.

Correlation between T cell phenotypes, especially activated T cells expressing early (EA1) and late (HLA-DR) activation antigens and clinical features were investigated in 22 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) of childhood onset. Percentages of T cells expressing EA1 and HLA-DR in 22 patients with SLE were significantly higher than those in controls. Comparison of T cell phenotypes between patients with active and inactive SLE showed that eight patients with active disease had significantly increased percentages of HLA-DR positive T cells than 14 with inactive disease (P less than 0.01). Serial examinations showed that the percentages of HLA-DR positive T cells were decreased after therapy in seven with active non-renal or active non-renal and renal diseases but not in one with only active renal disease. A possible significance of T cells expressing EA1 and HLA-DR in the management of patients with SLE is discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Crohn disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.

A 15-year-old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in remission for 3 years showed abdominal pain and bloody stools. No evidence for exacerbation of SLE was obtained. An air-contrast barium enema examination and colonoscopy revealed findings typical of Crohn disease. Despite the rarity of the combination, patients with SLE showing gastrointestinal manifestations might need evaluation for Crohn disease.

Adolescent↗