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S I Kuznetsov

Publications and source records attributed to S I Kuznetsov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Preponderance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the family Beijing and risk factors of their transmission in the Samara Region].

Current molecular and epidemiological studies could reveal individual families of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the family Beijing in the Samara Region and to define risk factors for their transmission. This was a cross-sectional populational molecular epidemiological study that showed that the Beijing genotype prevailed among the obtained isolates (66.6%; 586/880) and it was encountered among convicts and young persons (RR 1.3; 95% CI 1.2-1.5 and RR 1.2; 95% CI 1.0-1.3, respectively), which is indicative of active and recent transmission. Multifactorial analysis indicated that male sex (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1-1.9), younger age (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.7), homelessness (OR 5.6; 95% CI 1.1-6.3), and prior or current confinement (OR 2.0; 95 CI 1.5-2.7) were substantially associated with the risk of contamination with the strain of the Beijung family. Drug resistance, including multidrug resistance, was twice higher among the strains of this family.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Seasonal variation and hospital utilization for tuberculosis in Russia: hospitals as social care institutions.

BACKGROUND: Clinical management of tuberculosis in Russia involves lengthy hospitalizations, in contrast to the recommended strategy advocated by the World Health Organization. METHODS: We used Fourier transform, spectral analysis and Student's t-test to analyse periodic and seasonal variations in admission and discharge rates for tuberculosis hospitalizations in 1999-2002, using routinely captured data from the Samara Region, Russia. RESULTS: Hospital admissions in colder months were significantly higher than in warmer months. The mean monthly adjusted number of admissions in colder and warmer months for all adults was 413 and 372 (P < 0.01), for unemployed adults 218 and 198 (P < 0.02) and for pensioners 104 and 82 (P < 0.05). Hospital discharges varied seasonally. Maximum differences between admissions and discharges occurred in colder months and minimum differences were observed in warmer months. CONCLUSIONS: As hospitalizations of tuberculosis patients in colder months fulfil an important social need, shifts to ambulatory care must be carefully managed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Barriers to sustainable tuberculosis control in the Russian Federation health system.

The Russian Federation has the eleventh highest tuberculosis burden in the world in terms of the total estimated number of new cases that occur each year. In 2003, 26% of the population was covered by the internationally recommended control strategy known as directly observed treatment (DOT) compared to an overall average of 61% among the 22 countries with the highest burden of tuberculosis. The Director-General of WHO has identified two necessary starting points for the scaling-up of interventions to control emerging infectious diseases. These are a comprehensive engagement with the health system and a strengthening of the health system. The success of programmes aimed at controlling infectious diseases is often determined by constraints posed by the health system. We analyse and evaluate the impact of the arrangements for delivering tuberculosis services in the Russian Federation, drawing on detailed analyses of barriers and incentives created by the organizational structures, and financing and provider-payment systems. We demonstrate that the systems offer few incentives to improve the efficiency of services or the effectiveness of tuberculosis control. Instead, the system encourages prolonged supervision through specialized outpatient departments in hospitals (known as dispensaries), multiple admissions to hospital and lengthy hospitalization. The implementation, and expansion and sustainability of WHO-approved methods of tuberculosis control in the Russian Federation are unlikely to be realized under the prevailing system of service delivery. This is because implementation does not take into account the wider context of the health system. In order for the control programme to be sustainable, the health system will need to be changed to enable services to be reconfigured so that incentives are created to reward improvements in efficiency and outcomes.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed2005

[Analysis of risk factors of the occurrence of drug resistance in patients with tuberculosis from civil and penitentiary sectors in the Samara Region].

The true prevalence rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRT) are unknown for most regions of Russia. This study was conducted in the Samara Region that differs from other regions in the rapid spread of HIV infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the primary and acquired resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) to first-line antituberculous drugs in patients from civil and penitentiary sectors and to reveal risk factors of drug resistance of MBT. Six hundred patients (309 civilians and 291 prisoners who had been bacteriologically diagnosed as having tuberculosis. The authors have established the following:--in new cases, primary drug resistance is as follows: to isoniazid [38.9% (95% CI, 31.3-36.9%)], to rifampicin [25.9% (95% CI, 19.4-33.4%)] and to MDRT [23.0% (95% CI, 16.7-30.3%)];--in prisoners, the primary resistance of MBT was statistically more significant than in civilians;--male sex, in adequate prior or current treatment for tuberculosis for more than 4 weeks, the presence of fibrocavernous tuberculosis and previous prison stay are essential risk factors of the development of resistance of MBT to both any first-line drug and MDRT;--HIV infection is unassociated with resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Social factors influencing hospital utilisation by tuberculosis patients in the Russian Federation: analysis of routinely collected data.

OBJECTIVE: To establish whether admissions, discharges and hospital utilisation for tuberculosis (TB) in Russia are independent of sex, age, disability and employment status. STUDY POPULATION AND METHODS: Analysis of hospital admissions, discharges and in-patient utilisation using routinely collected data in Samara Region of the Russian Federation. RESULTS: Male, unemployed and disabled adults were significantly more likely to be hospitalised (P < 0.001). The unemployed and pensioners were more likely to have multiple admissions. Unemployed adults were more likely to have longer average lengths of stay per admission (P < 0.001), with a cumulative length of stay for unemployed and disabled adults significantly greater than for employed adults and adults with no disability. Interruption of hospital care was significantly more frequent in male, disabled and unemployed patients (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Socio-economic factors influence hospital admission patterns and the length of stay for patients when hospitalised, as the providers of TB services attempt to mitigate the lack of social care provision for patients. For the WHO DOTS strategy to be effectively implemented and sustained in the Russian Federation health system, social sector linkage issues need to be addressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The clinico-pathogenetic validation and efficacy of using low-energy laser irradiation and glucocorticoids in treating bronchial asthma patients].

Intrapulmonary administration of glucocorticoids and low-energy laser radiation were used in the treatment of infection-dependent bronchial asthma in the phase of exacerbation. To estimate the efficacy of the combined method suggested, the parameters of external respiration, cellular, humoral and local immunity were determined, the provocation inhalation tests with acetylcholine and histamine and exercise tests were performed. The results of the treatment and subsequent follow-up data have shown that the combined use of local (endolymphatic) administration of steroids makes it possible to reduce immunological disorders, to decrease bronchial reactivity, to prolong the disease remission.

Asthma↗
PubMed1991

[The clinical efficacy of treating patients with nonspecific lung diseases using low-energy laser irradiation and intrapulmonary drug administration].

Intrapulmonary administration of glucocorticosteroids and antibiotics combined with low-energy laser radiation was employed in the treatment of patients with infection-dependent bronchial asthma in the phase of exacerbation and frequent asphyxia attacks, long medical history and of patients with lung abscesses. The purpose of the work was to study and compare the clinical effectiveness of the method in the gravest group of patients suffering from nonspecific pulmonary diseases: suppurative (acute lung abscess) and infectious allergic (infection-dependent bronchial asthma of medium gravity with frequent attacks, long medical history, tendency towards aggravation of the status and low efficacy of broncholytics). The results of the treatment and follow-up have shown that the use of the combined treatment suggested is most optimal in patients with acute lung abscesses (the percentage of the cured is 94.1). In patients with infection-dependent bronchial asthma, the use of laser therapy combined with intrapulmonary administration of steroids also noticeably improved the clinical, functional and immunological characteristics, prolonged the phase of remission.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1975

[An analysis of cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) pollen grain development in cultural plantings].

A cytological study of the Cedrus libani mature pollen from 3 culture areas (Italy, France, USSR) has shown that 69-71% of pollen grains have two-celled protallium and antheridial cell. About 5% of pollen grains are characterized by accelerated of delayed development, otherwise apparently normal. The pollen sterility (up to 30% of grains) is due to the abortive spore development. Anomalous cenocyte and multinuclear pollen grains were found thus suggesting that multicellular haploid structures capable of further growth and development may arise in the course of natural anther development.

France↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of hospital-substituting forms of medical care in the Samara region].

Development of hospital-substituting forms of medical care in the Samara region is discussed, 13% of patients treated at hospitals were rendered medical care through hospital-substituting institutions, which resulted in economy of 137 million roubles. The authors make their suggestions on optimizing statistical forms of files and records to be used in registration of medical care at day-time hospitals.

Adult↗