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Biomedical subjects

S Ino

Publications and source records attributed to S Ino.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Transition from overlayer growth to alloying growth of Ga on Si(111)-alpha-(sqrt[3]xsqrt[3])-Au.

Atomic depth distribution and growth modes of Ga on an Si(111)-alpha-(sqrt[3]xsqrt[3])-Au surface at room temperature were studied after each monolayer deposition of Ga via reflection high-energy electron diffraction and characteristic x-ray spectroscopy measurements as functions of glancing angle theta(g) of the incident electron beam. One monolayer of Ga grew on the Au layer, and the sqrt[3]xsqrt[3] periodicity was conserved below the Ga overlayer. Above a critical Ga coverage of about one monolayer, this growth mode drastically changed; i.e., Au atoms dissociated from the sqrt[3]xsqrt[3] structure and Ga grew into islands of Ga-Au alloy.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

The influence of moving auditory stimuli on standing balance in healthy young adults and the elderly.

The maintenance of postural balance depends on effective and efficient feedback from various sensory inputs. The importance of auditory inputs in this respect is not, as yet, fully understood. The purpose of this study was to analyse how the moving auditory stimuli could affect the standing balance in healthy adults of different ages. The participants of the study were 12 healthy volunteers, who were divided into two age categories: the young group (mean = 21.9 years) and the elderly group (mean = 68.9 years). The instrument used for evaluation of standing balance was a force plate for measuring body sway parameters. The toe pressure was measured using the F-scan Tactile Sensor System. The moving auditory stimulus produced a white-noise sound and binaural cue using the Beachtron Affordable 3D Audio system. The moving auditory stimulus conditions were employed by having the sound come from the right to left or vice versa at the height of the participant's ears. Participants were asked to stand on the force plate in the Romberg position for 20 s with either eyes opened or eyes closed for analysing the effect of visual input. Simultaneously, all participants tried to remain in the standing position with and without auditory stimulation that the participants heard from the headphone. In addition, the variables of body sway were measured under four conditions for analysing the effect of decreased tactile sensation of toes and feet soles: standing on the normal surface (NS) or soft surface (SS) with and without auditory stimulation. The participants were asked to stand in a total of eight conditions. The results showed that the lateral body sway of the elderly group was more influenced than that of the young group by the lateral moving auditory stimulation. The analysis of toe pressure indicated that all participants used their left feet more than their right feet to maintain balance. Moreover, the elderly had the tendency to be stabilized mainly by use of their heels. The young group were mainly stabilized by the toes of their feet. The results suggest that the elderly may need a more appropriate stimulus of tactile and auditory sense as a feedback system than the young for maintaining and control of their standing postures.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2000

Anomalous X-Ray yields under surface wave resonance during reflection high energy electron diffraction and adatom site determination

In L x-ray emissions from a Si(111)-sqrt[3]xsqrt[3]-In surface induced by electron beam irradiation were measured as functions of the incident glancing angle. Under surface wave resonance conditions, anomalous x-ray intensities were clearly observed. Using dynamical calculations, these intensities are well explained as changes in density of the electron wave field at adatom positions. From these intensities, the adatom site was analyzed, and it was found that the T4 model is better than the H3 model.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Simultaneous determination of residual tetracyclines in foods by high-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

We established a method for precisely determining residual tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in foods by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (APCI LC-MS-MS) using selected reaction monitoring with an internal standard. By setting the nebulizer probe temperature to 475 degrees C, we were able to use a mobile phase containing oxalic acid without clogging problems at the APCI interface, since oxalic acid decomposes to carbon dioxide and water at high temperature. DMCTC was very effective as an internal standard for determining TCs in various foods. TCs were cleaned up using a Bond Elut ENV cartridge and analysed by APCI LC-MS-MS. The recovery of TCs from various foods including animal tissues, honey, milk, eggs, and fish fortified at levels of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.50 ppm averaged 60.1-88.9%, with an RSD of 1.2-8.7%. The detection limits were 0.001 ppm for OTC and TC, 0.004 ppm for CTC, and 0.002 ppm for DC. The present method was also successfully used to determine TCs in swine kidney samples that were previously found by microbiological assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects on the location of the centre of gravity and the foot pressure contribution to standing balance associated with ageing.

The aim was to analyse the limitation of the head and lumbar movements in relation to the centre of gravity which is needed to maintain standing balance with ageing. The participants of the study were 25 healthy volunteers divided into two age categories, the young group (mean 22.4 +/- 2.7 years) and the elderly group (mean 71.2 +/- 3.6 years). The instruments for measuring the movements of the lumbar region and head and the centre of pressure (COP) were a 3-D motion analysis system and a force plate. In addition, the peak foot pressure was measured during standing using the F-Scan system. The participants were first asked to stand relaxed for 10 s. They then shifted from the starting position to the four directions of sway: anterior, posterior, right and left. They were asked to maintain standing balance at the maximal distance position for each sway as much as possible for 10 s. Analysis of parameters was performed by measuring the average maximal linear displacement (cm) of the head and lumbar markers, the COP (cm), and the peak foot pressure (% of body weight per cm2) in each participant. The data of the young group for lumbar maximal displacement were greater than those of the elderly group in the anterior, posterior and lateral sways. A significant difference between the young and elderly data was found in the posterior sway. According to the data of the head's maximal displacement, the elderly group's data were greater than the young group's data in all sways, except for the anterior side. For the data of peak foot pressure in the posterior sway, the elderly group's data was greater than the young group's data. The forefoot area data of the young group was significantly greater than that of the elderly group, and the heel area data of the elderly was significantly greater than that of the young group in the right sway. The results suggest that the maximal displacement of head and lumbar positions and the toe's muscle activity in the forefoot are important factors associated with the centre of gravity in elderly adults. It is postulated that each base of support area of the older adults in smaller than that of younger adults. These variables could be made available as a clinical test for the degree of poor balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Development of 18F-FDG ([F-18]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose) injection for imaging of tumor reflecting glucose metabolism--results of preclinical studies].

Fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) injection was prepared by a modification of a method originally developed by Hamacher et al. The dosage form is the injectable solution (2 ml) containing 185 MBq of 18F-FDG at a calibration time. Preclinical studies of the agent were performed. Its radiochemical purity is more than 95% and expiration time is 4 hours after the calibration time at ambient temperature. No toxicity was observed with up to 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of non-radioactive FDG intravenously injected to rats and dogs in single-dose toxicity tests, respectively. Biodistribution studies demonstrated that the radioactivity was mainly distributed into brain (3.0 to 3.3% I.D./Organ at 30 minutes) and heart (4.2 to 5.8% I.D./Organ at 1 to 3 hours) after intravenous injection of the agent to normal rats. In a tumor transplanted mouse model (colon 26), tumor uptake was 10.9 +/- 3.5% I.D./g at 1 hr after intravenous injection of the agent, the radioactivity was retained until 3 hours. The radiation absorbed dose was estimated according to the MIRD Pamphlet based on the biodistribution data both in humans reported by Mejia et al. and rats described in this report. The radiation absorbed dose was not higher than those of commercially available radiopharmaceuticals. In conclusion, the 18F-FDG injection is expected to be useful for further clinical application.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Application of hydrogen absorbing alloys to medical and rehabilitation equipment.

As power sources for rehabilitation equipment, electric, hydraulic, and pneumatic actuators have been used. However a more human-sized and higher powered actuator that can reduce the equipment size is desired. A new metal hydride (MH) actuator that uses the reversible reaction between the heat energy and mechanical energy of a hydrogen absorbing alloy has recently attracted much attention. The MH actuator is characterized by its small size, low weight, noiseless operation and a compliance similar to that of the human elbow joint. Therefore, the MH actuator has the characteristic of being light and easy to use and so is suitable for use in medical and rehabilitation applications. Some lifting devices using this actuator have already been developed and are being used for the care of the aged and disabled. The characteristics of the MH actuator are presented and then some applications are introduced in this paper. It is our opinion that in our aging society the MH actuator will play an important role in the development of medical and rehabilitation equipment.

Absorption↗
PubMed1997

Age-related changes in postural control associated with location of the center of gravity and foot pressure.

The purpose of this study was to assess the limitations of the head and lumbar movements in relation to the center of gravity which is needed to maintain standing balance with aging. The subjects of the study were 22 healthy volunteers. The subjects were divided into two age categories, the young group (mean 21.7 +/- 2.9 years, 7 males and 6 females); and the elderly group (mean 71.3 +/-2.6 years, 3 males and 4 females). The instruments for measuring lumbar and head movements and the center of pressure (COP) were a three-dimensional motion analysis system and a force plate. In addition, the peak foot pressure was measured during standing using the F-Scan system. The subjects were first asked to stand relaxed for 10 s. They then shifted from the starting position to the four directions (sways); anterior, posterior, right, and left. They tried to maintain standing balance at the maximal possible distance position for each sway for 10 seconds. Analyzing parameters were performed by measuring the average maximal linear displacement (cm) of the head and lumbar markers, the COP (cm), and the peak foot pressure (percent of body weight per squared centimeters; BW%/cm2) in each subject. The data of the young group for lumbar maximal displacement were greater than those of the elderly group in the anterior, posterior, and lateral sways. A significant difference between the young and elderly data was found in the posterior sway. According to the data of the head's maximal displacement, the elderly group was greater than the young group in all sways except for the anterior side. For the data of peak foot pressure in the posterior sway, the elderly group's data was greater than the young group's data. The forefoot area data of the young group was significantly greater than that of the elderly group and the heel area data of the elderly was significantly greater than that of the young group in the right sway. The results suggest that evaluating the maximal displacement of head and lumbar positions and toe's activity in the forefoot are all important factors associated with the center of gravity in healthy adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Objective method to determine the contribution of the great toe to standing balance and preliminary observations of age-related effects.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between toe pressure and tactile sensitivity in the great toe and to describe two newly developed measurements of postural stability. The subjects of the study were 21 healthy volunteers. The subjects were divided into two age groups, the young group (mean 21.0 +/- 1.6 years, 7 males and 6 females), and the elderly group (mean 71.4 +/- 2.8 years, 4 males and 4 females). The methods and materials used for the first experiment (balance test): The instrument for measuring standing balance was a force plate. Data were analyzed to provide two main variables: 1) body sway index (SI: mm) and 2) toe pressure (%BW/cm2). The subjects were asked to stand in a relaxed posture for 20 s. The variables of body sway were measured in four conditions: normal surface with eyes open or closed, and soft surface with eyes open or closed. Second experiment (tactile sense test): This experiment utilized a new system which was developed for measuring the tactile sensation. The tactile threshold value was measured with the subject seated in a chair, the back supported, and the hips and knees flexed at 90 degrees. The contactor pulled and pushed the toe longitudinally along its axis at a constant velocity of 1 mm/s. There were significant differences between the young and elderly groups in the tactile sense of the great toe (p < .001). No significant difference between age groups was found for postural sway while the subjects stood on the normal surface with eyes open; however, when they stood on the soft surface with their eyes open and closed, the elderly showed significantly more sway (p < 0.01) than the young. Moreover, the maximal great toe pressure in the elderly group was significantly greater than that in the young group. The results suggest that the reduced tactile sense, deprivation of visual information, and toe pressure weakness are all important factors associated with postural instability.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Analysis of toe pressures under the foot while dynamic standing on one foot in healthy subjects.

Dynamic balance is a crucial element in performing many activities of daily living. The one-leg stance test is a valuable test for balance impairment. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationships between body sway and toe pressure for dynamic balance test of one-leg standing on a perturbation platform. The subjects were 15 volunteers (six males and nine females, age = 21.1 +/- 1.8 years). The instrument used for evaluation of balance was the Balance System, whose software provides information on the subject's stance balance through calculation of two main variables: 1) body sway parameters (cm) and 2) peak pressure (percent of body weight/cm2) under the toes. The Balance System includes actuators which move the foot platform back and forth (+/- 40 mm perturbation at 0.25 Hz) at an average velocity of 20 mm/sec. The subjects were asked to balance on each leg for 20 seconds. The trials were repeated on the opposite foot after 5 minutes of rest. The dynamic postural control induced by low frequency perturbation in the anterior/posterior direction used the ankle strategy. Body sway was more significantly correlated with the peak anterior/posterior sway component than with lateral sway (p < 0.01). The peak pressure value of the great toe was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than the sum of the peak values of the other four toes for both sides. The study indicates the importance of the strength of the toes and somatosensory information from the sole and ankle during the dynamic one-foot standing balance as goals in rehabilitation for poor balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Assertiveness and social anxiety in Chinese-American women.

The notion that Chinese Americans, compared to Caucasian Americans, are passive and nonassertive was examined with self-report and behavioral measures. Chinese-Americans (n = 36) and Caucasian (n = 19) female college students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: role-playing a series of 13 situations requiring assertion with an Asian experimenter or role-playing the same situations with a Caucasian experimenter. The Chinese-American students were as assertive as the Caucasian subjects on all behavioral measures. Only one self-report measure, the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Watson & Friend, 1968), revealed a significant difference between the two groups; Chinese-American students were more apprehensive about social situations than Caucasian students.

Acculturation↗