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Biomedical subjects

S J Daniel

Publications and source records attributed to S J Daniel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

An experimental study of tympanic membrane and manubrium vibrations in rats.

Rats are potentially very useful for auditory research because the middle ear structures are easily approachable and because rats are relatively inexpensive. The goal of the present study was to better characterize the mechanics of the rat middle ear by measuring frequency responses at multiple points on the tympanic membrane and manubrium. A laser Doppler vibrometer was used to measure the vibrations. Measurements were made on 7 rats. Tympanic membrane vibrations are presented for 7 different points in the frequency range of 1-10 kHz. The repeatability of the measurements and the interanimal variability at the umbo are also presented. The vibration modes of the tympanic membrane and manubrium were investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Mental health status in children exposed to tsunami.

As a vulnerable group, children are more prone to experiencing trauma and its sequelae. After the Asian tsunami we set out to evaluate the effect of exposure to the tsunami nearly one year after the event and to explore the family history of psychopathology on the mental health of children. This community-based study of 230 children was conducted in Srinivasapuram, a coastal village in Tamil Nadu. A youth self-report form (YSR) of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), exposure to the tsunami, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and family history of psychopathology were assessed. The severity of exposure to the tsunami correlated with anxiety and somatic domains of the DSM IV and PTSD symptoms. Family history of psychopathology correlated with affective and somatic symptoms. Multiple regression analysis revealed that family psychopathology influenced affective problems (R2 = 0.071 (n = 199), F = 15.13, p = 0.00) while exposure to the tsunami influenced anxiety problems (R2 = 0.046 (n = 208), F = 9.91, p = 0.002). The findings from this study reveal that targeted specialized mental health services are needed for children with severe exposure to the tsunami and positive family history of psychopathology.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Management of bilateral choanal atresia in the neonate: an institutional review.

The endoscopic repair of bilateral choanal atresia using powered instrumentation has become a common procedure performed by many pediatric otolaryngologists. A 10-year retrospective review of the management of bilateral choanal atresia in the neonate was undertaken at the Hospital for Sick Children, a tertiary care pediatric institution in Toronto. Although many techniques were used for repair including the endoscopic technique, a simple puncture, dilation and stenting technique was used most frequently. Fifty-two patients were identified who underwent this technique. The modifications and refinements of this technique and post-operative care will be detailed. The results were as follows. All patients were successfully extubated within 24h of the operation. The average duration of nasal stenting was 3 months. Three patients required re-stenting, one of which had nasal stenting for the first year of life. This patient was born prematurely, had trisomy-21 and was stented weighing a mere 600g. One patient had a small septal perforation and only two patients required transpalatal repair later in life for persistent nasal symptoms. There were no CNS complications and no incidence of significant nasal hemorrhage or infection. All patients received topical antibiotics and steroid drops during the stenting period. Mitomycin C was not used. Granulation tissue was not a significant problem. Despite the advances in endoscopic technology, the puncture, dilation and stenting technique is still the senior author's preferred method of repair for neonatal bilateral choanal atresia.

Choanal Atresia↗
PubMed2004

Button batteries in the ear, nose and upper aerodigestive tract.

OBJECTIVES: With the miniaturization of electronic devices, the demand and usage of button batteries has risen. As a result, button batteries are more readily available for young children to handle and potentially mishandle. They are frequently inadvertently placed by children in their ears or noses. Occasionally they are swallowed and lodged along the upper aerodigestive tract. METHODS: We outline the pathophysiology of button battery-induced trauma and present key radiological features of button batteries that are important in preventing delayed diagnosis after pediatric ingestion. RESULTS: Button batteries of all sizes have a distinctive double contour on radiographs. CONCLUSIONS: Button battery ingestion requires prompt diagnosis and removal. A high index of suspicion along with radiographs help assist with the diagnosis. Potential tragic complications can be averted with expeditious removal.

Ear↗
PubMed2003

Unilateral agenesis of the parotid gland: an unusual entity.

Agenesis of the parotid gland is extremely rare with only few cases reported in the medical literature. This entity can be important to diagnose as occasionally the normal parotid gland can be mistaken for a tumor due to the facial asymmetry. In this article, we present the case of an isolated unilateral parotid gland agenesis in a young child. The entity is discussed along with important associated conditions that should be ruled out. These include amongst others first and second branchial arch anomalies, as well as the Levy-Hollister or lacrimo-auriculo-dentodigital syndrome.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

Facial sweat gland carcinoma metastasizing to neck nodes: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

We report an unusual case involving a patient with sweat gland carcinoma of the cheek who presented with ipsilateral neck lymph node metastasis 10 years after his initial presentation. Pathological analysis of the surgical specimen revealed a strong reactivity of tumor cells to gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, estrogen receptor protein, and progesterone receptor protein. On the basis of these results, tamoxifen citrate therapy was initiated empirically. Our patient has been disease free for more than 3 years. Based on this and another case reported in the literature, we believe that antiestrogen therapy could prove beneficial in a subset of patients with sweat gland carcinoma. We recommend future multicenter clinical trials to assess the effectiveness of postoperative tamoxifen therapy for patients with estrogen and progesterone receptor protein-positive metastatic sweat gland carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Clinical applications of a finite-element model of the human middle ear.

Computer-generated models are increasingly being used in otolaryngology for teaching purposes, preoperative planning, and clinical simulations, especially when dealing with small, complex areas such as the middle ear. One technique used to analyze the mechanics of complex models is the finite-element method, whereby the system of interest is divided into a large number of small, simple elements. The mechanical properties and applied forces are represented by functions defined over each element, and the mechanical response of the whole system can then be computed. We present a unique three-dimensional finite-element model of the human eardrum and middle ear. Our model takes advantage of phase-shift moiré shape measurements to precisely define the shape of the eardrum. The middle ear geometry is derived from histologic serial sections and from high-resolution magnetic resonance microscopy of the human ear. We discuss the importance of this model in terms of understanding and teaching the mechanics of the human middle ear, simulating various pathologic conditions, and designing ossicular prostheses.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1998

Compliance with infection-control procedures and attitudes of oral health care providers toward patients with HIV/AIDS: a synthesis of the literature.

Many publications on the knowledge, practice, and attitudes of oral health care providers can be found in the literature. This paper is a synthesis of literature on their compliance with infection-control procedures and their attitudes toward patients with HIV/AIDS. The literature indicates increased compliance with infection-control procedures. While some oral health care providers report negative attitudes toward treating patients with HIV/AIDS, their fear is decreasing, possibly due to their increased compliance with infection-control procedures and increased access to care for those with HIV/AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Information technology in the health care industry.

The health care information systems market has grown to a multibillion dollar industry, with a predicted average annual growth rate of 12% through the year 2000. This paper provides an overview of information and management technology applications in health care for (a) medical diagnosis and treatment; (b) health care administrative functions; and (c) special applications of information technology to health care problems.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1991

Effects of air polishing on the abrasion of occlusal sealants.

Air polishing, routinely used in dental offices, is known to be abrasive to polymer-based materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated air abrasion on two types of sealants: self-curing Concise or light-curing Delton. Scanning electron micrographs were collected after 0, 10, 30, 60, and 90 total seconds of air polishing. The remaining sealant was rated by two examiners (100% agreement) as little or no loss; some loss; or most or complete loss. Statistical tests revealed no significant sealant loss at any time interval, despite the fact that some sealant loss was observed on all but three samples.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1991

A nonclinical model for predicting scaling and root planing case difficulty.

As students progress through their clinical education, the integration of patient types challenging the development of scaling and root planing skills is necessary. A clinical screening to determine case type is ideal; however, some programs do not have the time or resources for a clinical screening, and some patients do not want to take the time for the additional screening appointment. The intent of the screening process is to determine case type and/or treatment needs. In some cases, this information is used to match student educational requirements with patient needs. Even though an institution or program may have a clinical screening process, patient assignment can still be haphazard, resulting in an inequitable distribution of patient case types to students. It seems the problem is due, in part, to the absence of a mechanism for early identification and distribution of case types. The purpose of this study was to develop a model for initially predicting patient scaling and root planing case difficulty from nonclinical, patient variables obtained during a telephone interview. Dental hygiene student evaluation forms (n = 1,356) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry were gathered and categorized by patient case difficulty. A sample of charts was selected from each scaling classification. The scaling classifications were then subdivided into two samples for developing and testing the model. Variables selected from the patient charts as possible predictors were smoking status, race, age, gender, date of last prophylaxis, periodontal classification, and oral hygiene habits (brushing and flossing).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Accuracy of student self-evaluations of dental sealants.

The purpose of this study was to (1) assess the accuracy of student self-evaluations of dental sealants through comparisons with faculty evaluations, and (2) determine if a difference in accuracy exists between dental and dental hygiene students. Dental (n = 17) and dental hygiene (n = 13) students from the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry at Chapel Hill placed and evaluated a total of 127 dental sealants on 29 patients in the undergraduate patient care system. Each student evaluated the placed sealant using criteria for the characteristics: area covered, quantity, porosity, and retention. The student self-evaluation was followed by an evaluation performed by two faculty examiners using the same criterion-referenced evaluation. The average of the two faculty evaluations was compared with the student's self-evaluation for analyses. Results indicated student scores were consistently higher than those given by the faculty. Additionally, dental and dental hygiene student scores correlated to about the same degree with the faculty average score.

Child↗
PubMed1990

TMD symptomology among denture patients.

The relationship between denture wearing and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) was assessed with a psychometric test specifically developed to measure TMD symptoms. The subjects were 278 denture patients and 36 elderly patients with a diagnosed TMD. Denture wearers were found to have a higher prevalence of TMD symptoms than the normal population, but the average level of symptoms was of low intensity and not clinically significant. Denture wearers reported fewer TMD symptoms and less stress and psychological distress than TMD patients. Responses to test items assessing perceived malocclusion apparently were not affected by denture wearing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Anti-M antibody in pregnancy.

Our three cases represent the spectrum of findings when maternal anti-M is present. In the first case, the father's genetic makeup (NN) indicated no disease would occur. In the second case, despite antibody capable of crossing the placenta, the infant did not become sick. In the third case, hemolytic anemia required transfusion of the newborn, despite a negative direct Coombs' (DAT). In summary, anti-M antibody is an uncommon cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn. When anti-M, IgG optimally reactive at 37 degrees C, is identified in the maternal blood, the paternal blood must be checked for the presence of M antigen. If the father has M antigen the fetus may be at risk. Since there is no documented body of experience that titers of anti-M predict severity of disease, our recommendation is that amniotic fluid bilirubin studies be done, in spite of the fact that only one prior case of hemolytic disease due to anti-M was found reported from the United States. Anti-M is an unpredictable antibody and serial antibody titers are not reliable. After delivery the infant's MN antigen status should be determined, because a negative direct Coombs' test may be found even when M antigen is present in the infant and hemolysis is occurring. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical impact of anti-M antibody on unrecognized hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1989

Fibrinogen degradation products in fresh frozen plasma. Possible contribution to immunosuppression.

Recent investigations implicate a variety of specific serum factors as immunosuppressive agents, among them variably sized fragments produced by the degradation of fibrin/fibrinogen. Random samples of fresh frozen plasma were tested for fibrinogen degradation products by a latex agglutination method. Thirty-one per cent of the units tested contained greater than 40 micrograms/ml fibrinogen degradation products, and a total of 86 per cent contained greater than 10 micrograms/ml fibrinogen degradation products. Fresh frozen plasma is often used in the treatment of critically ill trauma and surgery patients, and especially in severely burned patients, who are immunosuppressed by the nature of their injury. Since fibrinogen degradation products have been shown to have both in vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive effects, administration of fresh frozen plasma to these patients should be carefully evaluated in light of its potential ability to worsen their already compromised immune status.

Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products↗
PubMed1987

The reliability of three methods for evaluating dental sealants.

Three evaluation instruments (global, check-list, and criterion referenced) were used by experienced and inexperienced examiners to evaluate dental sealant end products on 40 extracted teeth. Intra- and interexaminer reliabilities were measured. Experienced examiners achieved higher intrarater reliabilities with all three evaluation instruments than did inexperienced examiners. The highest intraexaminer agreement for all examiners occurred with use of the global evaluation. The highest interexaminer reliability was achieved with the second use of the criterion-referenced evaluation by the experienced examiner. Interexaminer reliability was improved for both types of examiners with the criterion-referenced evaluation.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗