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Biomedical subjects

S J Daniel

Publications and source records attributed to S J Daniel.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia: a case report and review.

Isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia is an unusual problem with significant morbidity and mortality. Though it is often self-limited, it is potentially fatal due to hemorrhage. Specific therapy with compatible platelets is indicated. In previously unrecognized cases, platelet antigen and antibody studies delay therapy unacceptably. Therefore, maternal platelets are used, which also aid in establishing a therapeutic diagnosis. A case of isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia is reported, and the etiology, clinical and laboratory implications, and methods of management are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Endoscopic and fluoroscopic transpapillary placement of a large caliber biliary endoprosthesis.

Nonoperative decompression procedures for the relief of obstructive jaundice have been used in both malignant and benign processes. These techniques have proven to be as effective as surgical procedures in the palliative management of malignant biliary stenosis. However, nonoperative decompression procedures have certain advantages, in that they reduce morbidity and mortality associated with palliative surgical procedures, resulting in a decrease in the length of hospital stay and convalescence. Endoscopic transduodenal and percutaneous methods continue to evolve with improved techniques. Herein, we describe a new technique of transduodenal endoscopic decompression of a malignant obstruction of the common bile duct using a large caliber (15 French) endoprosthesis. This is the first report of successful endoscopic placement of such a large caliber endoprosthesis reported in the United States. Subsequently, three other prostheses have been placed in a similar manner. The procedure uses a combined endoscopic-fluoroscopic method and is performed in the same setting as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with cancer of the pancreas, cholangiocarcinomas, metastatic disease, and benign strictures.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1983

Human papilloma virus in multifocal, invasive female genital tract malignancy.

Two young patients with multifocal, invasive, verrucoid carcinomas of the lower genital tract are described. Viral particles consistent with human papilloma virus were demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy in areas of koilocytotic malignant and nonmalignant epithelium, and both patients had evidence of impaired immune function. The role of human papilloma virus in genital neoplasia is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gingival effects of prescription medications among adult dental patients.

The relationship between self-reported medication use (exposure to one or more drugs with anticipated gingival effect--antidepressants, diuretics, antihypertensives, hormones) and four measures of gingival conditions (plaque index, gingival index, calculus index, maximum CPITN score) was examined among 594 patients in 35 dental practices in two North Carolina counties. Patients with long-term medication use were compared to patients without long-term use on four measures of gingival condition. When controlling for sex and age within age group, medication use was a significant predictor (P less than 0.05) for elevated gingival and plaque index scores among the white less than 65 group. For the white 65+ group (N = 90), medication use was not a significant predictor for any index score.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of dextran-40 on platelet adenosine triphosphate release in vitro.

Studies of dextran's effect on platelet function have revealed inconclusive results; some reports have suggested it acts as an aggregating agent, others as an inhibitor to aggregation. This study demonstrates the inhibitory effect of dextran (40,000 MW) on in vitro platelet adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release when stimulated by conventional aggregatory reagents. These data support inhibition of platelet surface phenomena, possibly involving receptor sites, rather than intracellular phenomena as the mechanism of dextran's anti-aggregatory effect. Significant inhibition occurs in vitro at dextran levels approximately twice that normally attained in vivo.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of specific criteria and calibration on examiner reliability.

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the use of specific criteria and examiner calibration on the reliability of inexperienced examiners on dental sealant evaluations. Dental (N = 8) and dental hygiene (N = 8) students participated as examiners. The study objectives were to identify differences in calibrated and non-calibrated examiners, examiners calibrated by an expert or non-expert, and reliability between dental and dental hygiene student examiners. A criterion-referenced evaluation form was used to evaluate dental sealant end product on 20 teeth, twice by each examiner. Eight of 16 examiners participated in a one-hour calibration session between evaluations. The session consisted of a discussion of operational definitions, the evaluation procedure for dental sealants, and use of the criterion-referenced form. Intra- and interexaminer reliabilities were measured. There were no statistically significant differences (p less than .05) in intraexaminer reliability. Although calibration produced no significant increase in interexaminer reliability, the post-training reliability scores for the group calibrated by an expert decreased, and scores for the group calibrated by a non-expert increased. No significant difference was found in reliability between dental and dental hygiene student examiners.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antithrombin III, plasminogen, plasmin, and alpha-2-antiplasmin in donor blood and plasma components.

The functional levels of antithrombin III, plasminogen, plasmin, and alpha-2-antiplasmin were evaluated in sequentially derived fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and cryo-poor plasma aliquots from 20 registered blood donors. Antithrombin III is the major plasma inhibitor of the serine proteases of the procoagulant system. Plasminogen, the proenzymatic form of plasmin, is the primary endogenous profibrinolytic moiety; alpha-2-antiplasmin is the principal intermediate acting inhibitor of plasmin. As congenital or acquired deficiencies of antithrombin III and/or plasminogen predispose to thrombosis, and as these agents may be consumed in acute thrombosis, the goal of this investigation was to discern those plasma components which potentially might maximize both antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activities if used therapeutically. Using enzyme specific synthetic substrate methods, it was determined that no spontaneous plasmin activity was evident through phlebotomy or component processing and storage. Analysis of variance showed antithrombin III to be significantly decreased in cryoprecipitate as compared to the other components (p less than 0.0001). Furthermore, the level of antithrombin III or plasminogen in cryo-poor plasma and fresh frozen plasma was not statistically different. Also, the alpha-2-antiplasmin level was not statistically different among the specimen groups. Since fresh frozen plasma and cryo-poor plasma contain comparable total quantities of antithrombin III and plasminogen and as most of the activity of factors I, V, VIII, and XIII is diverted into cryoprecipitate, it is suggested that cryo-poor plasma may be preferable to fresh frozen plasma for the treatment of thrombosis associated with or complicated by antithrombin III and/or plasminogen deficiency.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stability of cryopreserved and stored peripheral blood lymphocytes.

The determination of the T and B subpopulation percentages and lymphocyte blastogenic response functions are useful tools to evaluate and monitor disorders associated with immunodeficiencies, lymphoproliferations, malignancies, infections, inflammations, and autoimmune diseases. Comparative studies of cryopreserved lymphocytes frozen at - 190 degrees C over a period of one year obtained by lymphocytapheresis of normal donors and fresh lymphocytes found no significant changes of lymphocyte subpopulations or blastogenic response functions. These cryopreserved lymphocytes can therefore be used as a reproducible quality control reagent. Comparisons of the stability of T and B populations of fresh, one, two, three, four, and five day old culture medium (RPMI 1640) stored separated peripheral blood lymphocytes and culture medium (RPMI 1640) stored one, two, three, four, and five day old whole peripheral blood revealed that culture medium prolonged the viability to approximately three days. It seems feasible for smaller clinics and hospitals that lack the facilities to run tests on lymphocytes to mix their heparinized blood with culture medium and then transport it to laboratories where the tests can be performed.

Blood Preservation↗