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Biomedical subjects

S Joyston-Bechal

Publications and source records attributed to S Joyston-Bechal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The effect of using a pre-brushing mouthwash (Plax) on oral hygiene in man.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a pre-brushing mouthwash (Plax) improved subjects' oral hygiene over a 2-week period. In a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study, 33 adult subjects (mean age 35.3 years) used either Plax or a placebo mouthwash for 30 s prior to toothbrushing during a 2-week period. After a washout period of 4 weeks, the subjects used the other mouthwash in the same way. The modified plaque index of Quigley and Hein (QHI) was recorded for 16 teeth (16, 14, 13, 11, 21, 23, 24, 26, 36, 34, 33, 31, 41, 43, 44, 46) at each visit. The bleeding index (BI) was recorded at the beginning and end of the study. Results were analysed using a paired one-tailed t-test. Neither plax nor placebo mouthwashes reduced plaque scores significantly (p > 0.05) below baseline. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean BI at the beginning of the trial (0.42) and at the end (0.44). These results suggest that the routine use of Plax is not a useful adjunct to toothbrushing.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Caries incidence, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in irradiated patients during a 12-month preventive programme using chlorhexidine and fluoride.

Radiotherapy (RT) near salivary glands results in changes in the oral flora in favour of cariogenic organisms and an increased susceptibility to caries. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a 12-month preventive programme on caries incidence and on the levels of mutans streptococci (ms) and lactobacilli in tongue loop samples taken from patients before, during and after RT. The regime consisted of 2 x daily rinsing with 10 ml 0.2% chlorhexidine, diluted 1:1 with water, for 1 week before RT, during RT and for 4 weeks after RT. This was then substituted with a 0.05% NaF rinse daily. A saliva substitute containing 2 ppm F was used as required. Scaling was carried out before RT and dietary advice and oral hygiene instruction given. Appropriate radiographs were taken at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Tongue loop samples for microbiology were taken in the middle and end of RT and subsequently at 6, 8, 12, 24, 40 and 52 weeks. Whenever levels of ms exceeded 2 x 10(5) cfu/ml sample, 1% chlorhexidine gel in custom-made applicator trays was applied by the subject for 5 min daily for 14 days. In 25 subjects completing the programme, there was a total of 3 new caries lesions after 12 months. Thirteen pre-existing enamel lesions were arrested. There were significant reductions (p < 0.005) in ms levels from baseline values during RT and 4 weeks after RT. There were no significant increases in ms levels throughout the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Prevention of dental diseases following radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

The general dental practitioner should be aware of the oral changes that take place during chemotherapy and radiotherapy for neoplasms in the head and neck regions. Some of the changes make patients more vulnerable to dental diseases and complications if teeth need to be extracted. Ideally, patients should be made dentally fit before treatment, in order to avoid the risk of extractions later. In the long term, periodontal diseases and caries can be controlled with adequate monitoring and with appropriate use of chlorhexidine and fluoride.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1990

Depth of occlusal caries assessed clinically, by conventional film radiographs, and by digitized, processed radiographs.

Occlusal caries depth was assessed in 47 extracted premolars and permanent molars by 4 observers on a rank scale by eye inspection, by film radiographs, and by 2 of the observers also by digitized radiographs after filtering and contrast enhancement of the image. Quantitative estimates of caries depth were obtained from the digitized radiographs. Accuracy of scorings was determined with the histologic section as validating criterion. Occlusal caries was present in a spectrum from incipient fissure decalcification to large cavity formation. Clinical as well as radiographic scorings most frequently under-estimated lesion depth. Accuracy of radiographic assessments increased substantially by digital processing of the radiographic image. Quantitative measures of caries depth on digitized radiographs were strongly correlated to the histologic measures (r = 0.91). Interobserver agreement was fair to moderate according to kappa coefficients for the clinical and the radiographic scorings. The agreement was highest for the scorings of the digitally enhanced images. The study suggests that digital processing of radiographic images constitutes a diagnostic aid that may give a more accurate estimate of occlusal caries depth.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1990

Staining of residual caries under freshly-packed amalgam restorations exposed to tea/chlorhexidine in vitro.

Discoloration around restorations may lead practitioners to suspect recurrent caries. Dentists, using conventional optical and tactile criteria, often fail to render the enamel-dentine junction completely caries-free during cavity preparation. The aim of the present laboratory study was to test the hypothesis that such residual caries could take up stain from tea and hence affect clinical judgement on the presence of recurrent disease. Cavities were prepared in freshly extracted carious teeth and restored with amalgam. Specimens were then temperature cycled in tea and chlorhexidine or in tea alone to encourage leakage. Subsequent removal of restorations showed staining of parts of the enamel-dentine junctions and histological examination showed these stained areas to correspond to areas of demineralization. Similarly prepared caries-free teeth showed no such staining. Thus residual caries in teeth with leaking restorations can, in the laboratory, take up stain. If this were to happen in vivo, stained residual caries could subsequently be misdiagnosed as recurrent caries.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed1989

The use of a caries detector dye in cavity preparation.

The aim of this study was to compare the conventional visual and tactile method of detecting carious dentine during cavity preparation using a mirror, probe and excavator with a visual method enhanced by a dye. The dye, 1% acid red in propylene glycol, was used on 100 cavities prepared by dental students and passed as clinically satisfactory by their teachers. Results showed dye stain at the enamel-dentine junction in 57 cavities (57%) which had been assessed as caries-free in this area using conventional visual and tactile means. Subsequent laboratory work on extracted carious teeth confirmed histologically that the dye stains demineralised dentine. If clinicians consider it important to render the enamel-dentine junction caries-free, it might be prudent to use the dye as an aid to diagnosis in this area.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1988

Clinical evaluation of plaque removal with a double-headed toothbrush.

A blind, two-way, crossover clinical trial, completed by 44 adult subjects, instructed in specific oral hygiene techniques, was carried out to compare the effectiveness of plaque removal between a new Scandinavian double-headed toothbrush and a popular single-headed brush, each used for one week. The results showed that the double-headed brush was significantly more effective in removing plaque overall than a conventional brush. The effect was most evident on all lingual surfaces, especially in the lower arch and molar regions. It was also particularly pronounced when the double-headed toothbrush was allocated for use in the 2nd week of the study. There was no significant difference in the cleaning ability of the 2 brushes on the buccal surfaces of the teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A follow-up study 3 years after metronidazole therapy for chronic periodontal disease.

In a previous study, a double-blind between subject comparison of the effects of metronidazole and placebo tablets was completed over 22 weeks in 45 subjects with chronic periodontal disease ranging in severity from moderate (PI = 2.0-3.9) to high (PI = 4.0-6.0). The results showed a significantly greater reduction in the mean probing depth of pockets with the use of metronidazole, but this reduction was apparent only in subjects with severe periodontal disease (PI = 4.0-6.0). 3 years later, 28 subjects attended. All groups still showed statistically significant improvements in all parameters when compared with those at the first visit. However, when compared with those at the end of the trial, there were statistically significant increases in gingival bleeding and calculus scores. An increase in plaque levels was also observed but this was not statistically significant. When subjects with moderate and severe periodontal disease were grouped together, there were no significant differences in any of the parameters between test and control groups. Moreover, the significantly greater reductions in mean probing depth of pockets, achieved with the use of metronidazole in the severe group at the end of the trial, had disappeared after 3 years. However, in subjects with mild disease, statistically significant reductions in pocket probing depth, not originally apparent, were observed 3 years later.

Chronic Disease↗