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Biomedical subjects

S Köhler

Publications and source records attributed to S Köhler.

121 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Surgical closure of cleft palate and its immediate effect on the maxillary development].

During the service life of the primary dentition, the direct effects of surgical closure of the palate on the size of the maxilla are unimportant for all types of clefts. Narrowings of more than 1 mm occurred only in the posterior region of the dental arch. Narrowings in the anterior region of the dental arch were observed to a small extent in patients with unilateral and bilateral clefts. There was no difference in the changes of the upper dental arch between one-stage and two-stage closures of the palate.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reporter gene bioassays in environmental analysis.

In parallel to the continuous development of increasingly more sophisticated physical and chemical analytical technologies for the detection of environmental pollutants, there is a progressively more urgent need also for bioassays which report not only on the presence of a chemical but also on its bioavailability and its biological effects. As a partial fulfillment of that need, there has been a rapid development of biosensors based on genetically engineered bacteria. Such microorganisms typically combine a promoter-operator, which acts as the sensing element, with reporter gene(s) coding for easily detectable proteins. These sensors have the ability to detect global parameters such as stress conditions, toxicity or DNA-damaging agents as well as specific organic and inorganic compounds. The systems described in this review, designed to detect different groups of target chemicals, vary greatly in their detection limits, specificity, response times and more. These variations reflect on their potential applicability which, for most of the constructs described, is presently rather limited. Nevertheless, present trends promise that additional improvements will make microbial biosensors an important tool for future environmental analysis.

Biological Assay↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Site-specific binding of polymerase-containing particles of the Giardia lamblia double-stranded RNA virus to the viral plus-strand RNA.

The non-segmented, double-stranded RNA genome of the Giardia lamblia virus (GLV) contains two genes encoding the major capsid protein (gag) and a fusion of gag with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (pol). Computer analysis of the viral RNA genome revealed three putative stem-loop structures that were predicted to mediate replication, transcription and packaging of the GLV genomic RNA by binding to the pol domain of the virus-encoded fusion protein. To provide evidence of these postulated RNA/protein interactions, gel retardation assays were employed to examine the potential binding capacity of various viral RNA genome-related sequences to native GLV protein(s). Viral proteins were obtained by disrupting purified GLV particles under low-ionic-strength conditions. The resulting viral protein particles maintained their RNA polymerase activity in the presence of GLV genomic RNA and thus appeared to be suitable tools for the analyses of GLV-protein-mediated binding reactions. A 72-nt short single-stranded in vitro transcript containing a putative stem-loop structure predicted to participate in the packaging of GLV (+)-strand RNA bound specifically to the disrupted virus particles. RNAs containing modified motifs of this stem-loop structure failed to bind to the GLV capsid.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analgesic effect of low energy extracorporeal shock waves in tendinosis calcarea, epicondylitis humeri radialis and plantar fasciitis].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Is there a pain reduction at the application site after extracorporeal shockwave application for tendinitis calcarea, epicondylitis radialis and plantar fasziitis? METHODS: In a prospective study 85 patients were observed. Shockwave application was performed three or five times using low energies (0.09-0.18 ml/mm2). Before and after shockwave application pain was evaluated using SF-36 score and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). RESULTS: After 5 months for all three indications a significant improvement of the pain situation could be reached. Patients with plantar fasziitis demonstrated the highest decrease of pain, followed by tendinosis calcarea and epicondylitis radialis. The number of applications had no influence to the clinical result of the ESWT. RELEVANCE: In the present study the analgetic effect of ESWT after repeated low-energy application was described for the standard indications.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional interactions between the medial temporal lobes and posterior neocortex related to episodic memory retrieval.

We applied structural equation modeling to positron emission tomography data in humans to examine functional interactions between the right medial temporal lobe (MTL) and selected right neocortical regions in relation to visual recognition memory. Using a priori knowledge about anatomical connections between these regions as a guiding constraint, we modeled the pattern of interactions [i.e. covariances in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)] associated with episodic memory retrieval of spatial location and compared it with the pattern for retrieval of object identity. We also compared these patterns with those associated with perceptual matching of spatial location and object identity. Although displaying no difference in average rCBF across tasks, the right MTL showed domain-specific qualitative differences in interactions with posterior dorsal (parieto-occipital sulcus, supramarginal gyrus) and ventral regions (fusiform gyrus, superior temporal sulcus) but not with a prefrontal region. MTL interactions involving dorsal regions were positive in the spatial retrieval task but negative for object retrieval. Interactions involving ventral regions showed the reverse pattern. No comparable changes were observed during perceptual matching. Using control models, we demonstrated the neuroanatomical specificity of these results. Our results provide support for the notion that the nature of interactions between the MTL and posterior neocortex depends on the domain of information to-be-recovered.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy, safety, and acceptance of beclomethasone dipropionate administered via a new dry powder Inhaler or a standard CFC metered-dose inhaler in asthma patients.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The mechanical aerosol generator, MAGhaler, is a new chlorofluorocarbon-free inhalation device. The objective of this trial was to show equivalent efficacy and safety of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) delivered via the MAGhaler and the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) in patients with mild to moderate bronchial asthma. Moreover, user-friendliness and acceptance of the two devices were compared. METHODS: This was a double-blind, reference-controlled, 12-week trial in 171 patients with asthma receiving BDP (1,000 microg/day) delivered via either the MAGhaler or the conventional MDI. Respiratory function parameters, clinical symptoms, concomitant intake of salbutamol or fenoterol, adverse events (AEs), laboratory values, and concomitant medications and diseases were recorded. The primary efficacy parameter was mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), measured after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of therapy. RESULTS: The equivalence of the two devices was confirmed (p = 0.003) on the basis of the ratios of the mean FEV1 in weeks 4 to 12. Mean (+/- SD) FEV1 (MAGhaler was 2.24 +/- 0.60 l (baseline), 2.61 +/- 0.90 litres (week 4), and 2.62 +/- 0.87 litres (weeks 4-12). Mean FEV1 (MDI) was 2.28 +/- 0.59 litres (baseline), 2.53 +/- 0.82 litres (week 4), and 2.56 +/- 0.77 litres (weeks 4-12). In total, 33 AEs occurred in 26 (30.2%) patients (MAGhaler) and 51 AEs in 36 (42.4%) patients (MDI). Most of the AEs were of mild or moderate intensity. The relationship to treatment could not be excluded for 11 AEs in 11 patients (MAGhaler) and 23 AEs in 18 patients (MDI). Three serious AEs, all unrelated to treatment, occurred in 3 patients (MAGhaler: 2, MDI: 1). There were no clinically relevant changes in other safety parameters. Most patients either preferred the MAGhaler or rated the two devices as equally acceptable. CONCLUSION: The new MAGhaler was equivalent to the standard MDI in terms of the safety and efficacy of BDP. The improved user-friendliness and acceptance of the MAGhaler over the conventional MDI represent an important advance in the clinical management of bronchial asthma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A 3-year prospective multicenter follow-up report on the immediate and delayed-immediate placement of implants.

A total of 264 implants was placed in 143 patients using different immediate or delayed-immediate implant placement techniques in 12 different centers participating in a prospective multicenter study. The reason for tooth extraction was evaluated; bone quality and quantity were classified; socket depths were registered; and data on implant type, size, and position were collected. One hundred thirty-nine suprastructures were placed on 228 implants in 126 patients. A follow-up evaluation was done on 125 patients after 1 year of loading and on 107 patients after 3 years of loading. Clinical parameters (bleeding or not bleeding, pocket depth, and implant mobility) were evaluated after 1 and 3 years, and the marginal bone level after 1 year of loading was measured on radiographs. Clinical comparisons were performed to evaluate implant loss in relation to implant type, size, position, bone quality and quantity, socket depth, reason for tooth extraction, and placement method. In addition, life table analysis was done for cumulative implant survival rates. There was no clinical difference with respect to socket depth or when comparing the different placement methods. A higher failure rate was found for short implants in the posterior region of the maxilla and when periodontitis was cited as a reason for tooth extraction. Mean marginal bone resorption from the time of loading to the 1-year follow-up was 0.8 mm in the maxilla and 0.5 mm in the mandible. Over a period of 3 years, the implant survival rate was 92.4% in the maxilla and 94.7% in the mandible.

Bone Density↗