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Biomedical subjects

S Kido

Publications and source records attributed to S Kido.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Image quality of digital chest radiography: evaluation of subtle interstitial lung abnormalities (preliminary study).

To evaluate the image quality of storage phosphor radiography (SR) for diagnosing subtle interstitial lung abnormalities, we studied the differences between conventional screen-film radiography (FR) and SR in 38 patients. Nineteen patients had subtle interstitial lung abnormalities and the others had normal chests. Two formats of hard copies were used for SR; a full-size SR (14 x 14 inches, 0.2-mm pixel size) and a minified SR (9 x 9 inches, 0.13-mm pixel size). Readings were carried out by 14 readers (7 chest radiologists and 7 residents). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the results. For the 14 readers no significant differences in observer performance were observed among the three image sets (FR, full-size SR, minified SR), while for the seven chest radiologists significant differences were observed between FR and the two formats of SR. The best perceptual accuracy was obtained with FR as evaluated by the seven chest radiologists. In conclusion, while overall performance with digital and conventional radiographs was almost the same as far as diagnosing subtle interstitial lung abnormalities, significant differences between FR and SR were found by chest radiologists. Critically important information may be lost in commercially available SR.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

High-resolution CT and pulmonary function tests in collagen vascular disease: comparison with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

To estimate whether the lung abnormalities seen in collagen vascular diseases (CVD) were similar or distinct to those seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and to ascertain whether the extent of the abnormalities on high-resolution CT (HRCT) correlated with pulmonary function, we reviewed HRCT findings and pulmonary function test results of 64 patients with either CVD (n = 55) or IPF (n = 9). Response to corticosteroid treatment was also evaluated in 20 of the 64. High incidence of honeycomb lesion was observed in IPF (9/9, 100%) and in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) (11/14, 79%). CVD, except for PSS, had a low incidence of honeycomb lesion (27%). On the other hand, incidence of ground-glass shadow in CVD (47/55, 85%) was the same as that in IPF (8/9, 89%). Diffusing capacity significantly correlated with the extent of all parenchymal abnormalities in all CVD and IPF, with honeycomb lesion in PSS, and with ground-glass shadow or air-space consolidation in CVD except for PSS (r < -0.7, P < 0.001). In all 15 cases in which corticosteroid therapy was effective, no honeycomb lesions were seen. Collagen vascular disease, except for PSS, had a different pattern of disease than IPF. The morphologic changes seen on HRCT correlated well with pulmonary function in CVD.

Collagen Diseases↗
PubMed1994

An image analyzing system for interstitial lung abnormalities in chest radiography. Detection and classification by Laplacian-Gaussian filtering and linear opacity judgment.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of a computerized analysis system to detect and characterize interstitial lung abnormalities seen on chest radiographs was evaluated. This method included a process of four-directional Laplacian-Gaussian filtering and a process of linear opacity judgement. For quantitative analysis of interstitial opacities, the radiographic index, which is the percentage of opacity areas in a region of interest, was obtained and evaluated in the images. These opacities represented interstitial lung abnormalities. METHODS: Two regions of interest were selected in each right lung of 50 patients with normal lung parenchyma and 50 patients with diffuse interstitial lung abnormalities, confirmed with high-resolution computed tomography. These regions of interest were processed by our computerized analysis system. RESULTS: Abnormal lungs were well differentiated from normal lungs by the radiographic indices obtained from the images filtered by four-directional Laplacian-Gaussian filters and from those processed by linear opacity judgement. However, honeycomb lesions and other interstitial abnormalities (interstitial changes other than honeycombing) were differentiated from each other only by the radiographic indices obtained from the image processed by linear opacity judgment (P < .05). DISCUSSION: These results indicate that this system is useful for the detection and characterization of interstitial lung abnormalities.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Interpretation of subtle interstitial lung abnormalities: conventional versus film-digitized radiography.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability of film-digitized radiography in detection of subtle interstitial lung abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The differences in interpretation of conventional screen-film (SF) and film-digitized (FD) radiographs obtained in 80 patients were studied. Forty patients with subtle interstitial lung abnormalities and 40 patients with no lung abnormalities were selected. SF radiographs of all patients were digitized (spatial resolution, 0.175 mm; 2,000 x 2,000 pixels; 10 bits). Five chest radiologists and five residents evaluated the images with a five-level scale of confidence. Results were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic techniques. RESULTS: For the entire group, no statistically significant differences in performance were found between SF and FD radiographs. Chest radiologists performed better on SF radiographs (P = .003). For residents, no statistically significant differences were observed between the modalities. CONCLUSION: FD radiographs may be inadequate compared with SF radiographs in the diagnosis of subtle interstitial lung abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

D21S418E identifies a cAMP-regulated gene located on chromosome 21q22.3 that is expressed in placental syncytiotrophoblast and choriocarcinoma cells.

A partial cDNA (D21S418E) whose nucleotide sequence has no significant homologies with known mammalian DNA sequences was isolated from a human placental library. The cDNA hybridized with a 10-kb transcript present in term placenta. Messages of 10 and 7.5 kb were induced in BeWo and JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells by treatment with 8-Br-cAMP. The mRNA was not detected in human brain, liver, lung, kidney, pancreas, heart, skeletal muscle, or myometrium. The D21S418E locus was assigned to a 3.5-Mb region of chromosome 21q22.3.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1993

Interpretation of subtle interstitial lung abnormalities: conventional versus storage phosphor radiography.

To evaluate the reliability of storage phosphor radiography (SR) in diagnosis of subtle interstitial lung abnormalities, the differences among radiologists in interpreting conventional screen-film radiographs and full-size and minified SR images obtained in 80 patients were studied. Forty patients had subtle interstitial lung abnormalities and 40 had no lung abnormalities. Seven chest radiologists and seven residents evaluated the images by using a five-point presence of abnormality scale. Results were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic technique. For all observers, no significant differences were observed among the three image types. For the chest radiologists, significant differences were observed between conventional radiographs and the two SR formats (P < .01). Furthermore, perceptual accuracy was best with conventional radiographs evaluated by chest radiologists. Overall performance with SR and conventional radiography was identical for diagnosis of abnormalities, but detection performance was significantly dependent on observer experience (P < .01 for chest radiologists and P > .01 for residents). For chest radiologists, critically important information may be lost with commercially available SR.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Focal organizing pneumonia: CT appearance.

PURPOSE: To clarify the computed tomographic (CT) features of focal organizing pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively studied CT scans of 18 patients with histologically proved focal organizing pneumonia. Chest radiographs in all 18 patients suggested bronchogenic carcinoma. RESULTS: Seventeen of the 18 lesions (94%) had an irregular margin, 10 (56%) had satellite lesions, nine (50%) had a pleural tag, and nine (50%) had an air bronchogram. The pneumonia could be classified into three types: Type A (n = 5) was a small round mass (pleural tag, n = 4). Type B (n = 7) was an oval mass with broad contact with the pleura (satellite lesions and convergence of peripheral vessels, n = 6). Type C (n = 6) was an oval mass along the bronchovascular bundle (satellite lesions, n = 3; pleural tag, n = 4). CONCLUSION: The CT features of focal organizing pneumonia show wide variation, and some type B and C lesions are suggestive of benign lesions. However, other lesions may be difficult to differentiate from bronchogenic carcinoma even with CT.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Single-exposure dual-energy chest images with computed radiography. Evaluation with simulated pulmonary nodules.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Dual-energy subtraction radiography using computed radiography (CR) can aid in the detection of pulmonary abnormalities such as nodules, but the subtracted image requires higher x-ray exposure than usual to reduce quantum mottle. To reduce quantum mottle without increasing x-ray exposure, a new dual-energy subtraction algorithm was investigated that included an edge-adaptive smoothing process and a subtraction process. The signal-to-noise ratio and the image quality of this new subtracted image was significantly superior to that of conventional subtracted images. METHODS: Observer performance of the subtracted digital radiography in detecting simulated pulmonary nodules was compared with original CR images and conventional subtracted digital radiography of 50 patients. RESULTS: A combination of an original CR image and a new subtracted CR image was significantly superior to a single original CR image or a combination of an original CR image and a conventional subtracted CR image (P < .01). DISCUSSION: The single-exposure dual-energy subtraction method is superior to the conventional subtraction method in the detection of pulmonary nodules.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Isolation of a novel protein from the outer layer of the vitelline membrane.

The outer layer of the vitelline membrane from hen egg yolk consists of ovomucin, vitelline membrane outer layer protein I (VMOI) and lysozyme. Here we report the occurrence of a further basic protein (pI 11.5) in the outer layer, which was designated as vitelline membrane outer layer protein II (VMOII). It was dissociated from the outer layer in a 10% (w/v) NaCl solution and purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography. VMOII is a simple protein with a molecular mass of 6000 Da, as determined by sedimentation equilibrium analysis. The amino acid composition of VMOII was characterized by the absence of Met and high contents of cystine (half) (14%) and basic amino acids (6% Arg, 6% Lys and 3% His). Analysis of carboxymethylated VMOII indicated that all cysteine residues were involved in disulphide bonding, which appears to facilitate the binding of SDS to the protein. Sequence comparison of the N-terminal 20 residues revealed no identity with other known proteins. VMOII contained a small amount of alpha-helix and was quite resistant to heat denaturation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[A computer system for image feature analysis of chest radiographs in CT-documented interstitial lung diseases].

This paper reports the clinical significance of a computer-analyzing system to detect and characterize interstitial lung diseases in chest radiographs. One hundred and sixty-four ROIs were selected in the right lungs of 41 patients with normal and those of 41 with diffuse interstitial involvement proved by X-ray CT. Selected ROIs were processed by 4-directional Laplacian-Gaussian filtering, binarization, and determination of linear shadows. For quantitative analysis of interstitial shadows, radiographic index, normalized percent-area of shadows in a ROI, was determined and evaluated in the images. Then, the radiographic indices were compared with CT-documented characteristics of interstitial lung shadows. The results were as follows: 1) Abnormal and normal lungs were well differentiated each other by all kinds of the radiographic indices obtained from the images filtered by 4-directional Laplacian-Gaussian filters and from those processed by determination of linear shadows. 2) ROIs with honeycombing shadows and with other interstitial shadows (interstitial changes other than honeycombing and nodulation) shown in CT were differentiated each other by the radiographic indices obtained from the summation image and the vertical directional image processed by determination of linear shadows (p less than .01). However, ROIs with multiple nodular shadows and with other interstitial shadows were not classified by these radiographic indices. These results indicate that this system may be useful for detection and characterization of interstitial diseases in chest radiographs.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Assessment of the severity of interstitial lung diseases in chest radiographs using a computer-aided analysis system. A comparison with X-ray CT].

A new computer-aided system to assess the severity of interstitial lung diseases in chest radiographs using proposed parameters, radiographic indices, was developed. The radiographic index is the normalized percent area of shadows in a ROI selected in the lung fields of chest radiographs. In the right lungs of 82 patients, 164 ROIs were processed by computerized methods such as filtering, binarization, determination and subtraction of linear shadows. In subtraction method, the image processed with determination of linear shadows is subtracted from the image filtered by 4-directional Laplacian-Gaussian filters. Then, the radiographic indices, Dbin (binarization), Dlin (linear shadow determination) and Dsub (subtraction), were obtained for the corresponding images. The combined radiographic index "Dcom" was calculated from "Dlin" and "Dsub". Values of these indices of the ROIs were compared with the grade (0-4) of the severity of interstitial involvement evaluated by CT. The results were obtained as follows: 1) Dbin, Dlin and Dcom provided good correlation with the severity throughout 5 grades, while Dsub did not. 2) As a parameter for detection of interstitial lung diseases, Dcom was significantly superior to the other indices (p less than .05). 3) As a parameter for assessment of severity of the diseases, Dlin showed the best performance and Dcom was the second best. Dlin and Dcom were superior to Dbin, and Dsub was inferior to Dbin. These results indicate that a new system is useful for assessment of the severity of interstitial lung diseases in chest radiographs.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

CT findings in lymphangitic carcinomatosis of the lung: correlation with histologic findings and pulmonary function tests.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the CT findings in lymphangitic carcinomatosis and to determine how the abnormalities seen on CT correlated with histologic findings and the results of pulmonary function tests. Accordingly, we reviewed CT findings in 20 proved cases and correlated them with histologic findings and with results of pulmonary function tests (available in 11). Special attention was given to the extent and degree of thickening of the peripheral and/or axial interstitium as seen on CT. In 15 of 20 patients, CT scans showed marked thickening of axial interstitium and subtle or no thickening of peripheral interstitium (four diffuse and 11 localized). In three cases, CT showed marked thickening of both axial and peripheral interstitium (two diffuse and one localized). In two cases, CT showed marked thickening of peripheral interstitium and subtle or no thickening of axial interstitium (one diffuse and one localized). These CT findings correlated with the pathologic findings. Marked impairment of vital capacity and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient was observed in three patients (one with diffuse and peripheral interstitial thickening and two with diffuse and both peripheral and axial interstitial thickening). We conclude that CT findings in patients with lymphangitic carcinomatosis are variable and that marked impairment of pulmonary function occurs in patients with diffuse and peripheral interstitial thickening. Marked impairment of pulmonary function can be predicted from CT findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Therapeutic effects of cefprozil in the treatment of various infectious diseases in children].

Therapeutic effects of cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100), a new cephalosporin, were examined in various infectious diseases in children. Clinical efficacy rates were 50% (2/4) in acute bronchitis, 80% (4/5) in pharyngitis, 0% in laryngitis, 100% (7/7) in tonsillitis, 100% (8/8) in impetigo contagiosa, furuncle and posthitis. Hence, the overall efficacy rate was 84% (21/25). Adverse effects were observed in 1 case with slightly elevated serum GOT and GPT. Changes in serum concentrations and urinary excretion of CFPZ were examined in 4 and 2 children without infection, respectively. T 1/2 values obtained were between 1 hour to 2 hours (bioassay). Six hour recovery rates in urine were 51.8% and 77.8% (bioassay). CFPZ was considered to be a safe and useful drug in treating various infectious diseases in children.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Prophylactic oral acyclovir in outbreaks of primary herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in a closed community.

Oral acyclovir was given prophylactically to 37 children in the early stages of three outbreaks of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection and the results were compared with those in untreated control subjects in two other outbreaks. The rates of seroconversion to HSV were significantly reduced in children treated with acyclovir compared with control subjects (91% vs 27%, P less than .001). The incidence of symptomatic disease was also significantly reduced (82% vs 0%, P less than .001). In some children receiving prophylactic acyclovir, anti-HSV antibody titers did not rise despite the presence of replicative HSV on throat swabs just before the start of treatment. Restriction endonuclease analysis of isolated HSV-DNA confirmed that one strain was responsible for the five outbreaks. No resistance to acyclovir was detected during the study, and no adverse effects of treatment were noted. In conclusion, short-term prophylactic acyclovir may limit the spread and reduce clinical manifestations of HSV infections in closed communities, although this use should be restricted to communities where severe symptoms are observed.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics].

We conducted clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP), a newly developed parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, for its clinical application in the field of pediatrics. 1. A clinical study was performed on 13 children with infections, including 6 with acute bronchopneumonia, 1 each with acute pharyngitis, acute bronchitis, sepsis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, urinary tract infection, subcutaneous abscess and furuncle. PAPM/BP was administered by intravenous drip infusion. Doses varied from 12 to 27 mg/kg body weight were given t.i.d. or q.i.d. Lengths of treatment ranged from 4 to 25 days. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 3 and good in 9 cases, with an efficacy rate of 92%. 2. No adverse reactions were observed. In laboratory tests, elevations of GOT, GPT and urobilinogen were observed in 3 cases. It was concluded that PAPM/BP was a promising drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA in clinical samples from patients with VZV by the polymerase chain reaction.

A polymerase chain reaction system for the detection of varicella-zoster virus was established. Of 25 nucleotides, 4 oligonucleotide pairs (regions of thymidine kinase, thymidylate synthetase, glycoprotein I, and immediate early gene) were synthesized. The first three oligonucleotide pairs could be used as primers on the basis of specific DNA amplification. Varicella-zoster virus DNA was amplified by this polymerase chain reaction system in 20 of 20 vesicle samples, 5 of 6 crusts, and 12 of 13 throat swabs collected from patients with clinical varicella.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Varicella zoster virus DNA in throat swabs.

Eighty-one throat swabs from 18 patients infected with varicella were tested for varicella zoster virus DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. The positive rates were 26.2% (11/42) during the incubation period and 89.7% (35/39) after clinical onset. The results indicate the pharynx is a site for early replication of the virus.

Acute Disease↗