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Biomedical subjects

S L Bahna

Publications and source records attributed to S L Bahna.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Sequential changes of the five immunoglobulin classes and other responses in infectious mononucleosis.

Serum total IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE concentrations, heterophil antibody titer, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific antibodies titer, and hematologic changes were studied longitudinally in 19 patients with EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis who were followed up for 1.5-34 months. In 9 patients, the changes in these variables were compared with baseline data on a pre-illness serum sample. All 5 immunoglobulins (Ig) showed a significant rise during the acute illness followed by a drop during convalescence, and a gradual 'normalization' within several months to a year. On the average, IgE peaked to 276% during the first week, IgM to 176% at about 10 days, IgA to 154% at 15-20 days, IgG to 135% at 10-15 days, and IgD to 141% during the first 2 months after onset. IgE and IgM levels were significantly suppressed during convalescence by an average of about 40 and 25% of pre-illness level, respectively. A relationship was noted between Ig rise and the increase in circulating atypical lymphocytes. The data clearly demonstrate the polyclonal nature of Ig production during the acute phase of EBV-induced mononucleosis, with a striking and early reactivity of IgE.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Water and electrolyte status in children with acute asthma.

The water and electrolyte status was studied in 26 children with acute asthma, 8 of whom required hospital admission. Patients were evaluated before therapy, during hospital management, and at least 10 days after symptoms had subsided. Laboratory evaluation included serum electrolytes, BUN, sOsmo, urinalysis, and uOsmo. Data were analyzed for the manifestations of SI-ADH. Mild serum hyposmolarity was noted initially in only two patients and during the hospital stay in one patient for a short time, but none of the patients fulfilled the criteria of SIADH. At the time of presentation at the emergency room, none of the 26 patients had clinical signs of dehydration, yet some degree of hypertonicity seemed to be present in most patients. This study shows that children with acute asthma are ordinarily not at high risk of SIADH and fluid therapy should be included in the management. Nevertheless, because such patients may be at risk of pulmonary edema, vigorous fluid administration should be discouraged, except to correct dehydration.

Asthma↗
PubMed1984

Management of food allergies.

The mainstay of successful management of food allergy is the identification of the offending food(s), as verified by the elimination-challenge test. Dietary elimination is the most effective and inexpensive method, but its success depends on several factors. Initially, dietary elimination may need to be strict, but later certain patients may discover that they can tolerate limited quantities or certain preparations of the offending food without significant symptoms. In certain cases, provision of a substitute or a nutritional supplement may be needed. Food allergy in infants who are exclusively breast-fed requires elimination of the offending food from the mother's diet. Because of cross-antigenicity, certain patients may also need to avoid other members of the food family. This phenomenon is especially noticeable among seafoods. In certain patients who have mild to moderate sensitivity to multiple foods that cannot be completely avoided, rotation diets may be both effective and more convenient. In a few patients, conventional elimination diets may be followed for limited time periods until all offending foods are identified. In addition to symptomatic treatment, pharmacologic agents may be taken for prophylaxis. Antihistamines, oral cromolyn and possibly other medications, when taken before an anticipated exposure or on a regular basis, may prevent or minimize the symptoms in certain patients. At present, no adequate evidence supports the use of hyposensitization therapy with food extracts. The prognosis of food allergy is more favorable in children than in adults. Most food-sensitive infants and young children will tolerate the offending food after 1-2 years of avoidance.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1983

Immunoglobulin E pattern in cigarette smokers.

Serum IgE levels in healthy blood donors who had no history of atopy were measured by a paper-disc RIA and analyzed according to the donors' smoking habits. The IgE geometric mean for regular smokers was 41.7 IU/ml, which was significantly higher than that for nonsmokers (19.3 IU/ml) or rare smokers (22.7 IU/ml). Whereas 28% of smokers had IgE levels greater than 200 IU/ml, none of the rare smokers or nonsmokers did. IgE levels in smokers showed a moderate inverse correlation with the degree of smoking. The mean IgE level was 189.8 IU/ml in those who smoked 1-9 cigarettes/day but only 32.8 IU/ml in those who smoked 10-19 cigarettes per day and 11.1 IU/ml in those who smoked 20 or more cigarettes/day. The number of years a person smoked did not seem to significantly influence the IgE level. The mean IgE level in ex-smokers (50.5 IU/ml) was much lower than in current light smokers but was still higher than in nonsmokers. There was a moderate inverse correlation between IgE levels and duration of cessation of smoking. Our data suggest a characteristic pattern for the influence of cigarette smoking on serum IgE level, namely, a striking rise associated with light smoking and a remarkable drop in heavy smokers, and such changes seemed reversible after the habit was stopped. Smoking status, therefore, appears to be an important consideration in interpreting serum IgE levels and in revising the "norms" of IgE levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Food allergy: diagnosis and treatment.

The increasing awareness by the medical profession, as well as the public, of food allergy imposes the parallel task of accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. A carefully obtained medical history and a properly conducted elimination-challenge test are the most valuable as well as the least expensive procedures for diagnosis. Other selected in vivo and in vitro tests may enhance the diagnostic ability and may verify the immunologic basis of the food-induced reaction. Treatment is basically dietary avoidance, and its success depends on several factors. Pharmacologic agents may be needed for symptomatic treatment, and in certain instances for prophylaxis. The need still exists for developing an effective procedure of hyposensitization.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1983

Milk hypersensitivity. I. Pathogenesis and symptomatology.

Milk hypersensitivity is a problem that can have substantial health, financial and social implications. The condition is underdiagnosed by some physicians and overdiagnosed by others probably because its symptoms are varied and shared with many other diseases. The gap in our knowledge on the pathogenesis of various manifestations of CMA has been only partly bridged by the information accumulated in recent years. It has become clear that milk-sensitive patients are heterogeneous, both regarding symptomatology and underlying pathogenic mechanisms.

Allergens↗
PubMed1983

Milk hypersensitivity. II. Practical aspects of diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

To date the most reliable procedure for the diagnosis of milk hypersensitivity is a properly conducted elimination-challenge test. Several in vitro tests have been developed but because of the diverse underlying mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions to milk developing a single laboratory test that can be universally positive in every patient would be rather difficult. However, with a better categorization of milk-sensitive patients, together with the development of relevant, standardized and practical tests, the laboratory diagnosis of milk allergy should become more reliable. Milk hypersensitivity can be effectively treated and is largely preventable. Avoidance is the most effective mode of treatment and results in a good prognosis. In instances where the desired degree of avoidance cannot be attained pharmacologic agents may be of help. The need still exists for developing an effective procedure of hyposensitization. For prevention, prolonged breast feeding should be recommended, especially in infants of atopic families.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Changes in serum IgD in cigarette smokers.

Serum IgD levels in 83 healthy adults were measured by a radioimmunoassay technique and analysed according to each subject's smoking habit. The IgD geometric mean in cigarette smokers was twice as high as in non-smokers (408.6 vs 202.0 micrograms/dl). Serum IgD levels of 1,000 micrograms/dl or greater were noted in 22% of smokers but in none of the rare smokers or non-smokers. In the smokers group, the highest mean IgD level was found in those who did not actively inhale the smoke (762.6 micrograms/dl), followed by that in moderate smokers (563.8 micrograms/dl), and was lowest in heavy smokers who inhaled the smoke (283.0 micrograms/dl). The number of years a person smoked did not appear to have a significant effect on IgD levels. In ex-smokers, the mean IgD level (199.8 micrograms/dl) was similar to that in non-smokers, suggesting reversibility of the IgD changes following cessation of smoking. It seems prudent that the smoking habit should be taken into consideration in the interpretation of serum IgD levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

IgE and IgD in human colostrum and plasma.

Using radioimmunoassay techniques, we measured IgE and IgD levels in paired colostrum and plasma samples obtained within 4 days postpartum. In colostrum, IgE was detected in concentrations of 0.5-6 IU/ml in 16 out of 39 samples (41%) and less than 0.5 IU/ml in the remainder, whereas IgD was detected in all samples in concentrations of 2-2000 micrograms/dl. Only a moderate correlation was found between colostral and plasma levels of both IgE (r = +0.60) and IgD (r = +0.74). The correlation coefficient between IgE and IgD in plasma was 0.23, whereas in colostrum it was only 0.05. The colostrum:plasma ratio of IgE varied strikingly from that of IgD; the ratio of IgD was 0.1-22.2 times that of IgE. The findings argue against passive transfer of IgE and IgD from the circulation of milk and suggest possible local mammary production of either or both of these two immunoglobulins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Elevated IgD antibodies to wheat in celiac disease.

Sera of 17 patients with gluten-induced celiac disease were studied. Total serum IgE and IgD, as well as specific IgE and IgD antibodies to selected food antigens, were determined. Total IgE levels were within the normal range. Specific IgE antibodies to wheat, alpha-gliadin, cows's milk, rice and buckwheat were comparable to those of normal controls. In the celiac subjects total IgD levels were also within the normal range but IgD antibodies to wheat were high whereas IgD antibodies to milk were lower than in pooled normal sera. The levels of IgE or IgD antibodies to either wheat or milk showed no relationship to the presence of precipitins to the antigens of these two foods. The study did not demonstrate a role for IgE in celiac disease. That IgD antibodies may play a role is suggested by the elevated serum IgD antibodies to wheat antigens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

IgE response in heterophil-positive infectious mononucleosis.

Nineteen patients with heterophil-positive infectious mononucleosis were followed with serial blood sampling for an average of 14.6 mo. A preillness serum sample, obtained more than 2 mo before onset of illness, was available from 9 patients. A total of 141 samples were tested under identical conditions for total IgE levels by a paper-disc radioimmunoassay. Hematologic and serologic studies were also done. IgE changes showed a definite pattern, consisting of an elevation early in illness, rapidly followed by a significant drop reaching a nadir by the third month, then gradually returning to the preillness level (PIL) over a period of about a year. On the average, the peak was about 3 times the PIL, and the nadir about half the PIL. The IgE peak always coincided with the peak of atypical lymphocytes, and in no instance did it occur later than the peaks of other hematologic or serologic changes. No definite relationship was noted between IgE levels and the severity of illness. Heterophil-positive infectious mononucleosis is the first well-defined infectious disease found to be associated with such a pattern of IgE response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The sex variable in childhood urinary-tract infection.

Sex differences in childhood urinary-tract infection have been looked for by reviewing the medical records of all patients who were admitted to one medical centre during a certain time period. There were 240 patients; 26 males and 214 females, all under 14 years of age. The disease in boys-as compared with that in girls-was found to be characterized by an earlier onset, a shorter delay in diagnosis, and a shorter duration; but a higher frequency of malformations, a greater number of rehospitalizations, and a greater need for surgical intervention. Proteus infection was found more frequently in boys, while Enterococcus and Staphylococcus were more frequent in girls. The initial symptomatology did not show any significant sex difference except in late childhood where the non-specific symptoms were more common in females. No sex difference was noted with respect to the frequency of vesico-ureteric reflux or of bacteriuria without pyuria. It seems that the sex variable in this disease is worth considering in dealing with individual patients as well as in presenting data on a series of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Smoking and intraocular pressure.

The intraocular pressure - as measured by Schiötz tonometer - was studied in 378 smokers, 151 ex-smokers, and 495 non-smokers. It was found the the three groups have practically the same distribution of intraocular pressure, and that the latter has non relationship to the smoking habit.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Course and outcome of pregnancy in women with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Medical registrations of births in Norway during 1967 and 1968 were utilized in a study of the course and outcome of pregnancy in 542 women with pulmonary tuberculosis. A comparison with 112,530 pregnancies in women reporting no disease was made. Tuberculous women were found to have an excess of pregnancy complications, miscarriage, and labour difficulties. Their live births, however, were comparable with respect to gestation period, birth weight, morbid conditions and mortality to those of women reporting no disease.

Birth Weight↗