PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S M Crispin

Publications and source records attributed to S M Crispin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

The 2001 foot and mouth disease epidemic in the United Kingdom: animal welfare perspectives.

The management of the foot and mouth disease (FMD) epidemic which occurred in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2001 resulted in widespread animal welfare problems. These problems arose firstly because of the large numbers of animals slaughtered to bring the epidemic under control, which meant that the conditions under which animals were slaughtered and the manner in which this was carried out often breached regulations concerning welfare at slaughter. Secondly, the restrictions imposed on movements, especially animal movements, resulted in what appeared to be readily avoidable difficulties with livestock dying from, for example, food shortages and pregnant animals giving birth under unsuitable conditions. This brief review is based on the personal experiences of the authors as well as relevant observations and reports from a variety of sources.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2001

Systemic hypertensive disease and the feline fundus.

The fundoscopic appearance and some of the histopathological findings of arterial hypertension in the cat are reviewed in relation to the anatomical and physiological features that place retinal function at particular risk when the eye is subjected to sustained increased arterial blood pressure. The fundus changes fall into three categories: hypertensive retinopathy, hypertensive choroidopathy and hypertensive optic neuropathy, and information from cases with confirmed arterial hypertensive disease is used to provide a basis for discussion and future investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis presenting as acute blindness 36 months after importation into the UK.

A four-year-old Labrador retriever developed sudden-onset blindness, associated with bilateral uveitis, intraocular haemorrhage and retinal detachment. It had been imported into the UK from Sardinia 36 months before presentation. Haematological abnormalities included non-regenerative anaemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Serum and urine protein electrophoresis demonstrated a monoclonal gammopathy. An immunofluorescent antibody test for Ehrlichia canis was positive, with a titre of 1:320, confirming a diagnosis of chronic monocytic ehrlichiosis. This case highlights how the prolonged subclinical phase of monocytic ehrlichiosis could enable infected dogs to enter the UK without signs of disease. Chronic monocytic ehrlichiosis should be considered in dogs which have been imported from E canis-endemic countries and present with bleeding disorders and gammopathy, even if signs develop many years after importation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Transient hyperlipidaemia and anaemia in kittens.

Severe fasting hypertriglyceridaemia (5 to 126 mmol/litre) and anaemia (packed cell volume < 11 per cent) was observed in 12 litters of kittens around the time of weaning; the entire litter was usually affected, with significant mortality. Lipid analysis revealed marked increases in chylomicrons and moderate increases in very low density lipoproteins. Supportive measures for the treatment of anaemia and weaning on to a low fat diet resulted in rapid resolution of the clinical signs, anaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. On recovery, plasma was collected from kittens from five of the affected litters, plus a number of closely related cats and unrelated cats living in the same environment. The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was mildly but significantly lower in the previously affected kittens, their parents and unaffected siblings, than in the unrelated cats. The cats had normal apolipoprotein C-II function, normal heparin binding activity and no evidence of a circulating inhibitor to LPL. They did not have the LPL gene mutation reported previously in LPL-deficient cats from New Zealand.

Anemia↗
PubMed1994

Changes in plasma lipoprotein during the oestrous cycle of the bitch.

Five bitches were kept under controlled conditions of diet and exercise for up to four months. They were monitored at regular time intervals for fasting plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerols and apolipoproteins AI and B. Lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were also determined in the fasting plasma. Vaginal cytology and plasma progesterone were monitored at weekly intervals to determine the oestrous state of the bitches. Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations remained steady during anoestrus but large increases and wide fluctuations were shown in the concentrations of both cholesterol and triacylglycerols during metoestrus. Metabolic studies involving the measurement of lipids in canine blood must take into account the stage of oestrus of any bitches involved.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

Plasma lipoprotein lipids in five different breeds of dogs.

Plasma and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, and apolipoproteins AI and B, were determined in five common breeds of pet dogs, labrador, beagle, West Highland terrier, cairn terrier and dachshund, kept under carefully controlled conditions approximating as closely as possible to normal domestic living. Although the total levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma did not vary significantly between the breeds, there were significant interbreed differences in the lipoprotein fractions. Thus high density lipoproteins (HDL) which are the major carriers of cholesterol in all dogs, was higher in the smallest breed, the cairn, than in the largest, the labrador. In contrast, the low density lipoprotein (LDL) was lowest in the cairn and highest in the labrador. Variation in HDL cholesterol levels arose from both subfractions, HDL2 and HDL3. Thus metabolic studies involving canine lipids should include measurement of lipoprotein lipids and take account of interbreed variation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The equine fundus. II: Normal anatomical variants and colobomata.

A wide range of fundic variants are encountered during routine ophthalmoscopic examination of visually normal horses, often causing the examiner difficulty in assessing their clinical significance. Many of these are anatomical variants having no significant effect on visual function, and lie within the limits of normality in the horse. This paper illustrates this range of variants and discusses their anatomical basis and physiological consequences. Colobomata are non-progressive discontinuities in the structure of the anatomic fundus, occasionally noted as incidental findings during ophthalmoscopy. This paper illustrates typical and atypical colobomata of the equine fundus, the latter occurring outside the embryonic optic fissure. The anatomical basis of these colobomata and their possible consequence on vision is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The equine fundus. III: Pathological variants.

A wide range of ophthalmoscopic variants are encountered during routine examination of the horse. Some result from minor anatomical anomalies, cause no significant effect on vision and may be considered to lie within the limits of 'biological normality'. Others are a consequence of pathological disruption of the anatomical integrity of the fundus, and may directly or indirectly affect the neurosensory retina and produce some degree of visual deficit. This paper illustrates the ophthalmoscopic appearance of a number of pathological variants of the anatomic fundus, and discusses their possible effect upon vision. Among the abnormalities discussed is peripapillary chorioretinitis, which commonly presents as the so-called peripapillary 'butterfly lesion'. It is concluded that, although this lesion may occur in conjunction with signs of more generalised posterior segment disease, eg posterior capsular cataract, in the absence of concurrent signs of anterior uveitis there is no reason to associate the lesion with equine recurrent uveitis (periodic ophthalmia).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and laboratory findings in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.

Thirty-two cats referred to the Feline Studies Centre between June 1987 and October 1988, and 14 in-contact cats, were found to be infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Most of the 46 cats were non-pedigree and free ranging; 27 were male (19 neutered) and 19 were female (18 neutered). Their ages ranged from one to 17 years and the average age was 5.8 years. The most common clinical signs were lethargy, inappetence, weight loss, pyrexia and lymphadenopathy; most cases had multiple abnormalities. Other common signs were gingivitis, diarrhoea, rhinitis and ocular discharge. Eight cats had neoplasia. The commonest haematological abnormalities were anaemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia and monocytosis. Eight cats had lymphocytosis; seven of these were in a single house-hold. Several cats had high serum globulin levels and half of those tested had high IgG levels. Seven cats had no detectable antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus even though the virus was cultured from the peripheral blood lymphocytes. During follow-up for up to 60 weeks one cat died and 23 were destroyed on humane grounds.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Bovine iritis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Lipid deposition at the limbus.

Lipid deposition at the limbus is a feature of familial and non-familial dyslipoproteinemias and can also occur without apparent accompanying systemic abnormality. Hyperlipoproteinemia, most notably type II hyperlipoproteinemia, is frequently associated with bilateral corneal arcus, with less common association in types III, IV and V. Diffuse bilateral opacification of the cornea with accentuation towards the limbus is a feature of HDL deficiency syndromes and LCAT deficiency. Whereas the lipid accumulation of hyperlipoproteinemia may be representative of excessive insudation of lipoprotein from plasma into the cornea that of hypolipoproteinemia is more likely to be a consequence of defective lipid clearance. The situation is yet further complicated by the modifying influences of secondary factors, both local and systemic.

Animals↗