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Biomedical subjects

S M Kuznetsova

Publications and source records attributed to S M Kuznetsova.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Detection of constitutional types of EEG using the orthogonal decomposition method].

The authors present an algorithm of investigation into the processes of brain bioelectrical activity with the help of an orthogonal decomposition device intended for the identification of constitutional types of EEGs. The method has helped to effectively solve the task of the diagnosis of constitutional types of EEGs, which are determined by a variable degree of hereditary predisposition for longevity or cerebral stroke.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[A dynamic system for the in vitro study of the kinetics of the antimicrobial effect of antibiotics in pharmacokinetic changes in their concentration].

The present approaches to in vitro investigation of the kinetics of the antibiotic antimicrobial effect are based on its recording at one or another constant concentration of the drugs. The regularities revealed under such conditions do not usually reflect the peculiar effect of the drugs in vivo, since with the use of the routine schemes of dosing the drug levels in the body fluids always vary. For investigation of the kinetics of the antimicrobial effect of antibiotics at their varying levels, a universal dynamic system providing in vitro simulation of the pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs in blood and tissues was developed. The system is based on the controlled dilution of the medium containing an antibiotic and microbial cells. the dynamic system allows simulation of any kinetic profile of the drugs with regard to the constants of the linear pharmacokinetic N-compartmental model. The trial of the dynamic system as applied to the antimicrobial effect of sisomicin on strain A 20 363 of E. coli revealed significant differences in the effect of the drug, when its bioexponential pharmacokinetic profile was simulated in a one-compartmental model with exponential absorption and a constant concentration of the antibiotic. The check determinations of the antibiotic concentration in the main flask of the system showed that the system provided high accuracy simulation of the required antibiotic levels.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1985

[Methods of evaluating the efficacy of combinations of aminoglycosides with penicillins and their value for the possibility of predicting the therapeutic effect in patients].

The efficacy of the combinations of aminoglycosides and penicillin with respect to Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Escherichia strains was estimated with the methods of two-fold serial dilutions of aminoglycosides and constant concentrations of penicillin and the "chess board" method. Correlation between the synergistic effect and sensitivity of the strains to separate components of the combinations was observed. For prediction of the combination efficacy these methods are not useful, since they are labour-intensive and their results are very variable. In this connection a simple informative test is recommended. With the use of this test it is possible to judge the chemotherapeutic efficacy of antibiotics and their combinations by the value of the serum antibacterial activity (titer) against the infection causative agent. The blood serum titer of at least 1:8 is accompanied by a pronounced effect. The test also indirectly provides information on the sensitivity of isolated pathogens and adequacy of the drug blood levels after administration of the chosen dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Characteristics of the composition of the causative agents of different forms of suppurative inflammatory diseases and their antibiotic sensitivity].

Antibiotic sensitivity of 466 clinical strains of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms isolated from patients with different forms of pyoinflammatory diseases was studied. Most of the staphylococcal isolates were resistant to benzylpenicillin (74.3 per cent). The number of the isolates resistant to erythromycin amounted to 59.6 per cent. The respective figures for methicillin and dicloxacillin were 17.9 and 10.8 per cent. Staphylococci resistant to new aminoglycosides, fusidin and rifampicin were rare. It was shown that. P. aeruginosa preserved its sensitivity to the majority of the antipseudomonas antibiotics. Among Enterobacteriaceae the highest levels of antibiotic resistance were observed in Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia and Klebsiella. Significant variation in the isolation frequency of different microbial species and in the proportion of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in the hospital departments was observed. It was noted that gram-negative causative agents predominated in the departments of chest and abdominal surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care and urology.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Experimental study of the antibacterial activity and chemotherapeutic effectiveness of amikacin sulfate].

In vitro antibacterial activity of amikacin against 250 strains of various microorganisms was studied. It was shown that the antibiotic had a broad antibacterial spectrum and was active against gentamicin and sisomicin resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas. By the antibacterial spectrum amikacin was close to kanamycin. Still it differed from kanamycin by activity against P. aeruginosa. By the specific activity gentamicin and sisomicin were superior to amikacin. However, since amikacin was active against gentamicin resistant strains of various microorganisms it was considered advisable to use it as a reserve antibiotic in treatment of infections caused by such strains. High in vivo efficacy of amikacin was shown in experimental sepsis of albino mice due to staphylococci and gramnegative bacteria sensitive to the aminoglycosides and P. aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin and sisomicin.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1984

[Analysis of the etiological structure and dynamics of antibiotic resistance in the causative agents of suppurative inflammatory diseases in the patients at a large general hospital].

The structure of the causative agents isolated from patients with pyoinflammatory infections in 1980-1983 was analysed. It was shown that the surgical and urological infections were mainly caused by gram-negative bacteria. The other pyoinflammatory infections were mainly due to gram-positive cocci. A relatively high frequency of the strains of gram-negative bacteria, especially among Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacter spp., resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin, sisomycin and tobramycin with preserved sensitivity to amikacin and netilmicin in the majority of the strains was shown. Among the beta-lactam antibiotics cephotaxim and cephalotin were most active against gram-negative bacteria and staphylococci, respectively. The majority of the antibiotic resistant strains of gram-negative bacteria had analogous structures and levels of resistance to 7-12 antibiotics which might indicate the occurrence of 1-2 resistance plasmids among the clinical strains.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

[Characteristics of the substrate specificity of the crude endogenous beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria].

Fifty clinical strains of Gram-negative bacteria highly resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics were studied and 9 strains producing beta-lactamases were selected. From these cultures crude beta-lactamases were isolated. The substrate specificity of these crude preparations and their sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of dicloxacillin, methicillin and carbenicillin were studied with the spectrophotometric and hydroxylamine methods. The results of the study obtained with the 2 methods were in the main comparable. 5 crude preparations had the properties of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases without pronounced selectivity with respect to any beta-lactamide. However, they differed in the level of inhibition by dicloxacillin, methicillin and carbenicillin. 4 crude preparations with a pronounced substrate profile were recommended for use in screening and investigation of natural inhibitors of beta-lactamases and beta-lactam antibiotics. These 4 preparations were cephalosporinase from Enterobacter cloaceae 975, oxacillinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10380, carbenicillinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10538 and beta-lactamase of the TEM type from Enterobacter cloaceae 980.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Fucidin, its basic properties and place in the modern therapy of suppurative and inflammatory processes].

Sodium fusidin prepared at the All-Union Research Institute of Antibiotics was studied experimentally and clinically. High antibacterial activity of fusidin especially against methicillin-resistant staphylococci was found. The clinical trials showed high efficacy of fusidin in treatment of perichondritis, osteomyelitis, pyodermia, pseudofurunculosis, multiple abscesses of the skin because of its satisfactory penetration into the skin and cartilage tissues, skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue. The tolerance of the drug by most of the patients was satisfactory.

Adult↗