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Biomedical subjects

S M Qadri

Publications and source records attributed to S M Qadri.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and patterns of resistance at a tertiary care center.

Clinical microbiology laboratories are faced with the challenge of accurately detecting emerging antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens. In recent years, vancomycin resistant enterococci have emerged, as have penicillin resistant pneumococci and more recently, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. In order to detect these emerging resistant pathogens it is essential that antimicrobial susceptibility be carried out by laboratories as an integral part of therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss patterns of susceptibility of different antimicrobials as experienced at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, a tertiary care center in Riyadh.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Cutaneous myiasis due to Dermatobia hominis in Saudis.

Cutaneous myiasis infestations are normally found in South and Central America but increasing travel has resulted in their spread to non-indigenous countries with increasing frequency. We report two cases of cutaneous infestation by Dermatobia hominis in Taif, Saudi Arabia. There was no history of travel outside Saudi Arabia. The source of infection appears to be domestic cattle indicating that these infestations may be endemic in this region.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. A dangerous food-borne pathogen.

Since 1982, several outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis due to EHEC, or E coli O157:H7, have occurred in the United States and other parts of the world. Contaminated, undercooked ground beef has been most frequently implicated in the outbreaks, although unpasteurized dairy products and other foods have also been the source of infection in sporadic cases. The most common clinical manifestation of EHEC infection is abdominal cramps and watery, bloody diarrhea. HUS secondary to the initial colitis develops in about 10% of patients under 10 years of age. Definitive diagnosis is made by isolation and identification of EHEC in stool samples. Treatment focuses on rehydration and supportive therapy. The use of antimicrobial agents, narcotics, or antimotility agents is not recommended, because they neither shorten the course of illness nor prevent the development of sequelae.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Genetic homogeneity among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from Saudi Arabia.

Ninety-four strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were collected from patients nursed in several hospitals in Saudi Arabia, before they were referred to King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre for tertiary care. The hospitals were from geographically diverse regions and as such the entirety of Saudi Arabia was covered. All strains were genetically typed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using three different primers and a representative subset of the strains was analyzed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) as well. It was concluded that 87 out of 94 (93%) belong to a single clonally related lineage of MRSA. In the other 7 cases, the DNA banding patterns were shown to differ only slightly from those determined for the clonal type. PFGE analysis confirmed the homogeneity of the collection of strains. When the RAPD and PFGE fingerprints obtained for the Saudi clone were compared to those generated for a collection of MRSA with a more diverse geographical background, it was shown that the clonal type from Saudi Arabia was not identical to any of these MRSA strains. Our data provide another example of the capacity of certain MRSA clones to expand through entire nations and establish themselves permanently among large number of hospitals and, consequently, even larger numbers of patients.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1997

Antibacterial activity of trovafloxacin against nosocomial Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates.

A total of 1132 clinical isolates from 952 patients with nosocomial infections were tested against the fluoroquinolone trovafloxacin by the agar dilution method. They comprised 285 staphylococci, 111 streptococci, 94 enterococci and 470 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 92 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 27 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 28 Haemophilus influenzae and 25 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, beta-lactam and aminoglycoside agents. Over 96% of Enterobacteriaceae were susceptible to trovafloxacin with an MIC of <0.03-4 mg/L. It also inhibited 97% and 100% clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. maltophilia, respectively. All staphylococci, including 51 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, were susceptible to trovafloxacin, which also had excellent activity against streptococci and enterococci, inhibiting all 111 strains of the former and 94% of the latter. Trovafloxacin had a greater activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, penicillins, cephalosporins and the aminoglycosides tested.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1996

Parvovirus B19 infection. Associated diseases, common and uncommon.

Parvovirus B19 infection is common worldwide but is often asymptomatic. However, the virus has been implicated in numerous disorders, including aplastic crisis in patients with chronic hemolytic anemia, erythema infectiosum, arthropathy, arthritis, and fetal infections. Diagnostic tests are not routine, but several are available through commercial reference laboratories. Treatment ranges from analgesics and antipyretics for mild and self-limited illness to administration of commercial immunoglobulin preparations and blood transfusion for more serious conditions.

Erythema Infectiosum↗
PubMed1995

Gastrointestinal adenovirus infections in a tertiary referral centre in Saudi Arabia.

To determine the prevalence of adenovirus and its serotypes in diarrhoeal stools in Saudi Arabia, 3,000 stool specimens were collected prospectively from subjects of all ages over a 28-month period. A total of 220 positive isolates were obtained. Fifteen serotypes were found, serotypes 40 and 41 being the most prevalent. Underlying disorders were found in the majority of patients, leukaemia being the most common single underlying condition. This investigation represents the first detailed study of the epidemiology of gastrointestinal adenovirus infections in Saudi Arabia.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1995

Viral contamination of environmental surfaces on a general paediatric ward and playroom in a major referral centre in Riyadh.

In order to determine the incidence of viral contamination of environmental surfaces in a hospital in Saudi Arabia. A 6-month prospective study was carried out on a general paediatric ward in which both enteric and respiratory viruses were screened. Weekly samples were taken between August 1993-February 1994. A total of 155 samples were taken in which 11 (7%) tested positive for rotavirus. No other viruses were detected. Internal and external temperatures were monitored and an increase in rotavirus incidence was noted with decrease in temperature. Rotavirus was detected on surfaces involving human activity (toilet handles, televisions, toys and vital signs chart). One patient had rotavirus on his hands but no staff were found to carry rotavirus. Further contamination of environmental surfaces (9%) was detected during an increased incidence of rotavirus infection. A proper programme of disinfection and handwashing is essential in order to eliminate this mode of transmission.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Diagnosis of astrovirus by reverse transcriptase PCR in stools from patients in the UK and Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Astroviruses are becoming increasingly recognised as a cause of diarrhoea in children, and to a lesser extent, adults. Electron microscopy is the recognised standard for diagnosis but is not available in many centres. OBJECTIVES: This study set out to evaluate a RT-PCR method for the diagnosis of astrovirus in faecal specimens. STUDY DESIGN: 130 diarrhoeal stools were collected prospectively both from Saudi Arabia and Leicester, UK. The patients from each centre were age-matched. Twenty control isolates from food service staff without clinical illness were also collected. Both electron microscopy (EM) and RT-PCR (for astrovirus serotype 1) were used to diagnose astrovirus infection. RESULTS: Of 23 PCR-positive specimens, only 17 were detected by EM. The prevalence of astrovirus serotype 1 was determined by PCR as 1.5% in Saudi Arabia and 4.6% in the UK. CONCLUSION: RT-PCR is a more sensitive alternative to EM for astrovirus serotype 1.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Activity of cefepime against nosocomial blood culture isolates.

Cefepime is a new aminothiazolylacetamido cephalosporin with a wider spectrum and greater potency than many currently available cephalosporins. Since the blood culture isolates from patients of the study centre in Saudi Arabia are significantly more resistant to antimicrobial agents in clinical practice, we evaluated the in-vitro activity of cefepime and six other beta-lactam antibodies against 390 and 273 isolates of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Cefepime had a broad spectrum of activity against the Enterobacteriaceae (MIC50 < 0.12 mg/L), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MIC50 2.0 mg/L). The activity of cefepime was generally two-to four-fold greater than that of ceftazidime. Resistance to cefepime was most often encountered with Serratia spp. (45%), Citrobacter spp. (25%), Enterobacter cloacea (22%), and Stenotrophomonos mattophilia (45%). It had little or no activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and enterococci. Cefepime was highly active, with a spectrum better than ceftazidime against Gram-negative, and better than cephalothin against Gram-positive blood culture isolates.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1994

Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Crystal MRSA ID System.

A commercially available method for the rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BBL Crystal MRSA ID System) was evaluated and compared with conventional methods. All 52 isolates of methicillin-susceptible and 142 isolates of intrinsic methicillin-resistant S. aureus were correctly identified in 4 h by the test method, whereas correct identification took 11 to 24 h by conventional methods. The test is simple, rapid, and easy to perform and the results are easy to interpret.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of paediatric viral gastroenteritis at large medical centres in Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom.

A comparison of the prevalence of viral diarrhoeas in children was made between the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia over a three-year period. Laboratory data from Saudi Arabia were compared with those of a large medical centre in the UK. The prevalence ratios of virus-associated diarrhoea as a fraction of all diarrhoeal cases over three years were found to be 23% in the UK and 14% in Saudi Arabia. The relative proportion due to rotavirus and adenovirus was higher in the UK than in Saudi Arabia, but small round viruses were comparable at the two centres.

Adolescent↗