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Biomedical subjects

S M Qadri

Publications and source records attributed to S M Qadri.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens at two tertiary-care centers, in Riyadh and Texas.

Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens usually varies from one geographic location to another. During the last 20 years, outbreaks of disease caused by multiresistant bacteria have occurred with higher frequency in developing countries. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated in 1992 from two tertiary-care centers, in Riyadh and Texas. Of the 8841 strains used, 5318 were isolated from clinical specimens of patients at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, and 3523 were from Olin E. Teague Veterans Medical Center, Temple, Tex. Members of Enterobacteriaceae at the King Faisal hospital were significantly more resistant to frequently prescribed antimicrobials than were those at the Olin Teague center. Susceptibility to less frequently used agents like ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime was similar at both hospitals. Resistance patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and coagulase-negative staphylococci were similar at both medical centers. The Olin Teague center encountered significantly more methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1993

In vitro activity of Ro 23-9424, a dual-acting cephalosporin-quinolone antimicrobial agent.

In vitro activity of new dual-acting antibacterial Ro 23-9429 was tested against 1294 bacterial isolates from patients in a major tertiary care referral hospital in Saudi Arabia. Its activity was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, piperacillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, amikacin, imipenem, and vancomycin. Of the 621 members of Enterobacteriaceae tested, every single isolate was inhibited by Ro 23-9429 at minimum inhibitory concentration ranging between < .03 and 8 micrograms/mL. No other antimicrobial tested was as active as this dual-acting cephalosporin-fluoroquinolone. Similarly, all of the 255 isolates of Acinetobacter, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Xanthomonas maltophilia were susceptible to Ro 23-9429. It inhibited all the 120 isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Its in vitro activity against coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci was superior or comparable to that of other drugs that are commonly used in clinical practice.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

Comparative activity of the new fluoroquinolone rufloxacin (MF 934) against clinical isolates of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

The antibacterial activity of the new fluoroquinolone rufloxacin (MF 934) was evaluated against 1095 clinical isolates and compared with that of other quinolones and various commonly used antibiotics. Rufloxacin was highly effective against members of the Enterobacteriaceae, inhibiting 98% of the isolates at a concentration of 1 mg/l. Ninety-two percent of Aeromonas hydrophila and 65% Acinetobacter strains tested were inhibited by 1 mg/l of rufloxacin, whereas 98% of methicillin-susceptible and 87% of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and 76% of coagulase-negative staphylococci strains required 4 mg/l for growth inhibition. The MIC values of rufloxacin for most bacteria were 4-16 times higher than those of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Rufloxacin had little activity against xanthomonads, pseudomonads and enterococci. Approximately 95-96% of isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inhibited by 2 mg/l of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin as compared to 29% inhibited by rufloxacin at this concentration.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1993

Antistaphylococcal and antienterococcal activity of the new teicoplanin amide derivative MDL 62873.

In vitro response of 469 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci was tested against MDL 62873 by the agar dilution method. The bacteria consisted of 407 isolates of staphylococci and 62 strains of enterococci. In vitro activity of MDL 62873 was compared with that of ampicillin, augmentin, erythromycin and vancomycin. All the isolates were completely inhibited by MDL 62873 at an MIC ranging between 0.25 and 8.0 micrograms/ml. In vitro activity of this new amide derivative of teicoplanin was far superior to that of ampicillin, augmentin and erythromycin and equal to or slightly better than that of vancomycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

Incidence of bacterial respiratory pathogens and their susceptibility to common antibacterial agents.

Although most respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses, bacterial pathogens are responsible for higher morbidity and mortality. Because virtually nothing is known about the etiology of bacterial respiratory pathogens in Saudi Arabia, this study examined the incidence of these organisms in 5426 patients over a 1-year period. Of the bacterial pathogens isolated from 904 patients, the most common organism was Hemophilus influenzae (31%), followed by pneumococci (22%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16%), and others (31%). Because the first two organisms accounted for more than 50% of isolates, their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics was also reviewed. The results are presented here.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy of ciprofloxacin for treatment of Brucella melitensis infections.

The effectiveness of treatment of human brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis with ciprofloxacin alone was investigated in a prospective nonrandomized study. Subjects with central nervous system involvement, endocarditis, or severe renal dysfunction; children under 16 years of age; and pregnant women were excluded from the study. Of 19 patients, 16 completed the study; 7 were diagnosed as having acute systemic brucellosis, and 9 had acute brucella arthritis-diskitis. A rapid response to ciprofloxacin was seen in all 16 patients, but the blood cultures of 1 patient remained positive and the treatment was changed. During a 104-week follow-up period, 4 of the 15 responding patients relapsed or were reinfected within 8 to 32 weeks after completion of therapy. We conclude that treatment with ciprofloxacin alone, although effective for the acute symptoms, is associated with an appreciable rate of relapse; therefore, it should be given with other agents for treatment of brucellosis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Nonspecificity of the Anda A60-tb ELISA test for serodiagnosis of mycobacterial disease.

The conventional methods for the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases are time consuming and beyond the scope of most of the small and medium-sized hospital facilities. Therefore, there has been considerable interest in the development of a serological method for the detection of antibodies against mycobacteria. We recently evaluated a commercially available ELISA test (Anda Biologicals, Strasbourg, France) that measures antibody levels to A60 antigen, a membrane glycoprotein that is found in most mycobacteria. Of the 123 patients with positive pulmonary cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 82% had detectable antibodies against the kit antigen. Of the 68 patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, 59% yielded positive results. Specimens from 2 of the 12 patients that grew Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex, and one each with Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei, were considered significant on the basis of medical history and repeated isolation of the bacterium from clinical specimens, and these patients yielded positive serology. Of the healthy, normal PPD positive and PPD negative controls, 24% gave false positive results.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1992

Antibacterial activity of the new quinolone CI-960 (PD 127391) against clinical isolates at a major tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.

The antibacterial activity of the new fluoroquinolone CI-960 (PD 127391) was evaluated against 1,162 clinical isolates and compared with other quinolones and various commonly used antibiotics. CI-960 was highly effective against members of Enterobacteriaceae inhibiting 626 of the 629 isolates at a less than or equal to 0.03 to 0.12 microgram/ml concentration. All the 305 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomona maltophilia, and Acinetobacter were susceptible to CI-960. It was the only effective drug against 10 multi-resistant isolates of pseudomonads and Acinetobacter. All staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.03-0.5 microgram/ml of CI-960. Like other drugs of its class, it had little activity against enterococci.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1992

In vitro activity of sparfloxacin (CI-978), a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone.

The in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (CI-978, AT-4140), a new fluoroquinolone, was compared with ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and other commonly used antimicrobial agents against 650 strains of Enterobacteriaceae, 237 isolates of other gram-negative bacilli and 318 strains of gram-positive cocci. The MICs of sparfloxacin against 90% of the members of Enterobacteriaceae were between 0.12 and 0.5 microgram/ml. All the 48 isolates of notoriously drug-resistant Serratia marcescens were inhibited by less than 0.03-4.0 micrograms/ml of sparfloxacin. All the 90 isolates of Acinetobacter, 80 of the 88 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and all the 28 isolates of Xanthomonas maltophilia were susceptible to sparfloxacin. The MIC90 for all the cocci tested ranged between 0.5 and 4.0 micrograms/ml of sparfloxacin. It inhibited 92% of enterococci as compared with 27% for ciprofloxacin and 22% for norfloxacin. It was better or comparable in activity to other fluoroquinolones and superior to penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides tested. There was cross-resistance between ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and sparfloxacin.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1992

Antibacterial activity of citreamicin-alpha (LL-E 19085 alpha) against gram-positive cocci.

In vitro antibacterial activity of 429 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci was tested against citreamicin-alpha (LL-E 19085-alpha) by the agar dilution method. The microorganisms consisted of 313 isolates of staphylococci and 116 strains of streptococci. In vitro activity of citreamicin-alpha was compared with ampicillin, augmentin, cephalothin, erythromycin and vancomycin. MICs of citreamicin-alpha for staphylococci ranged between 0.12-4.0 micrograms/ml and 0.03-0.12 micrograms/ml for Streptococcus pyogenes. Enterococci, however, were relatively more resistant, requiring 2.0 micrograms/ml of this drug to inhibit 64% of the 62 isolates tested. In vitro activity of this antibacterial agent was far superior to that of ampicillin, augmentin, cephalothin and erythromycin, but equal to or slightly inferior to that of vancomycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Susceptibility of recent clinical isolates to temafloxacin (A-63004) and other antimicrobial agents.

In vitro susceptibility of 1008 strains of recent clinical isolates was determined against the new aryl fluoroquinolone temafloxacin (T-167, A-63004) ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ampicillin, piperacillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, gentamicin, amikacin, oxacillin and vancomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of temafloxacin in micrograms/ml required for > or = 90% isolates were 0.13-0.5 for enterobacter, 0.03-0.25 for Escherichia coli, 0.12-0.5 for Klebsiella, 0.5-1.0 for Proteus mirabilis, 0.12-0.5 for Morganella morganii, 0.03-0.12 for Salmonella, 0.25-1.0 for Serratia marcescens, 0.03-0.12 for Shigella, 0.06-4.0 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.06-0.12 for Aeromonas hydrophila, 0.12-0.5 for Staphylococcus aureus, 0.12-1.0 for coagulase negative staphylococci and 4.0-8.0 for enterococci. The antibacterial activity of temafloxacin was comparable or superior to other drugs tested against most organisms. However, Xanthomonas malthophilia was relatively more susceptible to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, and temafloxacin had significantly high antibacterial activity against enterococci as compared to other fluoroquinolones.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1992

Localized pulmonary disease due to Trichosporon beigelii.

A case of pulmonary infection caused by Trichosporon beigelii is reported. The infection occurred in a neutropenic patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. His chest radiograph showed a 6-cm pulmonary infiltrate in the right midzone and an apical infiltrate on the left. Repeated cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage grew budding yeast that was identified as T beigelii on the basis of morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics. He responded to amphotericin-B therapy. Systemic infections caused by this yeast are rare and its causal relationship in localized lung disease has been reported only seven times previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Sensitivity of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the detection of mycobacterial infections.

A series of 290 fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) processed for mycobacterial cultures are reviewed. The clinicopathologic features in 162 cases were suggestive of tuberculous infection and 86 (53%) of the samples in these cases were culture positive. A comparative histologic and cytologic correlation was carried out in 23 cases. Aspiration smears from caseating granulomas were composed of necrotic debris containing large numbers of polymorphonuclear cells and scattered histiocytes, epithelioid cells, and multinucleated giant cells. In cases of noncaseating granulomas, the smears revealed well-defined aggregates of epithelioid cells without necrotic debris or significant numbers of other inflammatory cells. There was a close correlation between the histologic and cytologic diagnosis of caseating and/or noncaseating granulomatous inflammation.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1991

Diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy: report of a case.

A case of cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy is presented. The cytologic smears revealed lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Large numbers of Leishmania organisms were present within the macrophages and in the intercellular spaces. Part of the material was used for a microbiologic culture, which revealed large numbers of promastigotes. These were studied by light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Echinococcal disease and mycobacterial infection.

The clinical and radiological features of five patients with echinococcal disease in whom mycobacterial infection was also present are described. Three had clinically significant disease due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (two patients) and M. fortuitum-chelonae (one patient), whilst in two others secondary infection with M. gordonae had occurred. In all cases the mycobacterium infection was found within or close to the anatomical confines of the echinococcal disease, as determined clinically, radiologically or histologically, which suggested a saprophytic-supportive role of the hydatid cyst for the mycobacterium to survive. Mycobacterial disease should be borne in mind in patients with echinococcal disease who remain unwell despite apparently effective treatment for the hydatid cyst.

Adult↗