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Biomedical subjects

S Müller

Publications and source records attributed to S Müller.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Phosphocreatine content and intracellular pH of calf muscle measured by phosphorus NMR spectroscopy in occlusive arterial disease of the legs.

Energy metabolism of calf muscle was assessed non-invasively by phosphorus (31P) NMR spectroscopy in eleven patients with symptomatic arterial occlusion and in seven matched controls. Phosphocreatine (PCr) content and pH values decreased during non-ischaemic foot exercise to lower values in severely afflicted patients but in all patients, as a group, they were not significantly decreased compared to controls. In contrast, recovery from ischaemic exercise (arterial occlusion by a tourniquet) demonstrated significant differences between patients and controls. Intracellular pH and PCr recovered more slowly in patients than in controls; PCr recovery proceeded exponentially with a recovery half-time of 203 +/- 74 s in patients compared to 36.7 +/- 5.5 s in controls (P less than 0.02). Phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery after ischaemic exercise correlated significantly with the degree of arterial stenoses as assessed by Doppler ultrasound (r = 0.739, P = 0.019) and by angiography (r = 0.885, P = 0.005), suggesting that the degree of large vessel stenoses limits the postischaemic increase in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Reactive blood flow after ischaemia failed to correlate with PCr recovery or with the degree of arterial stenoses. Phosphorus (31P) NMR spectroscopy provides, therefore, quantitative parameters of muscle energy metabolism in patients with peripheral arterial occlusions.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Extremity bone tumors: evaluation by P-31 MR spectroscopy.

High-resolution P-31 MR spectra were obtained in four patients with bone tumors of their distal extremities. In one case the tumor, a Ewing sarcoma of the tibia, was investigated during clinical remission after radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The other three cases - one low-grade chondrosarcoma of the tibial head, one malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the tibia, and one chondroblastoma of the medial femoral condyle - showed clinically active tumor growth, with corresponding increased metabolism as demonstrated by bone scintigraphy. The spectra of the three active tumors indicated a comparably high adenosine triphosphate content, similar to previously published spectra from animal tumors or human tumors implanted into animals. There were also high resonances of inorganic phosphate and low resonances of phosphocreatine; there were definite peaks in the phosphodiester and phosphomonoester regions, indicating the existence of these metabolites in the tumors. Slight but definite changes in the metabolite content were observed in one tumor after chemotherapy. The spectra of the unaffected leg did not show any well-resolved P-31 signals, which is typical for healthy bone. These are the first P-31 MR spectra of human bone tumors measured in patients to our knowledge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Fusion from without induced by herpes simplex virus type 1.

Strains ANG and ANG path of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) produced fusion from without (FFWO) of cells in culture. FFWO required 45 min to become complete. In contrast, fusion from within (FFWI) was not detected until 3-4 h after infection, depending on the cell type. FFWO was temperature dependent: at 0 degrees no fusion could be observed, but increase of temperature increased the degree of fusion. The pH optimum for FFWO was 7.8-8.5. The FFWO activity of the virus was found to be slightly more heat stable at 46 degrees than was infectivity. FFWO was produced in Vero, CV-1 and BSC1 cells, but not in BHK clone 13 or in primary or secondary rabbit kidney cells. FFWO was linked to the presence of virus particles and perhaps to other sedimentable, infected-cell material but not to soluble factors. Actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and UV irradiation did not block this activity, indicating no direct activity of the HSV1 genome for FFWO.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

T cells with FC receptors in myeloma; suppression of growth and secretion of MOPC-315 by T alpha cells.

We have previously demonstrated that 1) BALB/c mice and patients with IgA myeloma developed a marked expansion of T cells with surface IgA-Fc receptors (T alpha cells), 2) the FcR alpha were induced by direct interaction of soluble myeloma IgA with T cells, and 3) the T alpha cells induced in IgA myeloma were Lyt-1-2+, IgA isotype-specific suppressor cells in normal immune responses. These findings established that the host with IgA myeloma responds to the large amounts of Ig produced by the tumor by activating an otherwise normal IgA isotype-specific suppressor circuit. In the present studies, we extend our previous observations and show that T alpha cells can suppress both the growth and secretion of MOPC-315 myeloma tumor cells. Thus, the isotype-specific immunoregulatory circuit activated in myeloma is capable of suppressing tumor cells as well as normal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Current concepts of the predisposition and pathogenesis of exogenous allergic alveolitis].

The present conceptions about the pathogenesis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) are summarized in a review. The development of EAA depends on both intrinsic (predisposing factors like HLA-groups etc.) and extrinsic components (nature of antigen, intensity and duration of the exposure smoking habits). Cell-mediated immunity plays a decisive role in the recognition of antigen, the induction of the pathogenic immune response (imbalance or dysregulation of T-Helper and T-Suppressor cells), in the realizing of the pathogenic effect in the lung tissue (sensitized lymphocytes, synthesis of lymphokins and interleukins with the consequent liberation of enzymes, tissue injury, granuloma-formation, fibrosis). The production of specific antibodies, the formation of immune complexes, the activation of complement system and as well as immediate irritant-toxic effects by the inhaled agents are also important in the pathogenesis of EAA.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1984

[Scintigraphic diagnosis of bile leakage].

Specificity and sensitivity of cholescintigraphy for diagnosis of bile leakage were evaluated in a prospective study in 91 patients with partial liver resection and in 64 patients with liver transplantation. Sensitivity was found to be 0.93, specificity in the evaluable scintigrams 1.0. If all non-evaluable scintigrams are considered to be wrong, specificity was 0.83. Cholescintigraphy is a non-invasive method without irritation of the patient with a high specificity and sufficient sensitivity for demonstration or exclusion of a leak. These leaks may arise not only postoperatively but also after biopsies, trauma or spontaneously. In cases of clinical suspicion cholescintigraphy should be used as primary investigational tool.

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic↗
PubMed1984

[Differential nuclear medicine diagnosis of intrahepatic space-occupying diseases].

The use of ultrasonography has led to an increase of symptom-free carriers of intrahepatic masses. Whereas follicular nodular hyperplasia and haemangioma does not require further treatment, all other tumours should be resected. In a prospective study involving 81 patients with intrahepatic masses the value of nuclear medical methods for such a differentiation was assessed. In 21 out of 23 patients with follicular nodular hyperplasia and in 17 out of 18 cases of haemangioma a correct classification was achieved. In addition, all 3 adenomas and 36 out of 37 malignant tumours could be attributed correctly. Sequential and blood pool scanning of the liver as non-invasive methods thus permit differential diagnosis of intrahepatic masses with sufficient accuracy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

Depression of chemiluminescence response in mouse spleen cells by infective and inactivated influenza virus.

The effect on respiratory burst of murine splenic cells after exposure to influenza viruses was studied by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL). Infectious influenza A and B viruses considerably depressed the zymosan-induced CL response of the cells. Commercially available trivalent influenza virus vaccines also depressed CL activity. The whole-virus vaccine induced the greatest inhibition of the CL response, followed by the subunit and the split-virus vaccines. Virus-induced depression of CL was observed in the unseparated and in the granulocyte-enriched populations but no apparent effect was found in the lymphocyte-enriched populations. Prior sensitization of mice with representative, inactivated prototype strains of human influenza A and B viruses depressed the moderate CL induced by infectious influenza viruses. These results indicate that both infectious and inactivated influenza viruses impair the generation of the respiratory burst.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Stimulation of chemiluminescence and resistance against aerogenic influenza virus infection by synthetic muramyl dipeptide combined with trehalose dimycolate.

The effect on respiratory burst of splenic cells from mice pretreated with oil-in-water emulsions of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), trehalose dimycolate (TDM), or the combination of MDP with TDM was studied by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in response to stimulation by zymosan. Spleen cells from mice pretreated with TDM, but not those of mice treated with MDP, generated increased chemiluminescence. Spleen cells from animals pretreated with the combination of MDP and TDM exhibited markedly enhanced chemiluminescence activity. The effect of enhanced activity of preparations containing MDP combined with TDM was further examined in vivo by an aerosol infection of pretreated mice with a mouse-pathogenic influenza virus. Pretreatment with 6-O-acyl analogs and one ubiquinone derivative of MDP alone did not induce any resistance against influenza virus. Significant protection was conferred only when MDP and certain analogs were combined with TDM. The enhancement of nonspecific resistance to influenza virus infection was related to the chemical structure of the synthetic immunostimulant. A greater degree of protection was induced by the combination of TDM with the lipophilic derivatives like B 30-MDP and L-18 MDP.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1984

[Detection of T lymphocytes with acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. Specificity and use in pleural effusions].

A modified technique for demonstration of acid alpha-naphthylacetate esterase was examined with regard to specificity and application on human T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood and pleural fluids of different genesis. T-lymphocytes of healthy donors showed only in 60% positive findings of acid alpha-naphthylacetate esterase. Positive reactions appear as dot-like reaction products in cytoplasm of lymphocytes. The application of this method on pleural fluids is possible, without technical problems. We found differences in the percentage of positive-reacting lymphocytes in pleural fluids between tuberculosis (= 78% T-cell esterase positive lymphocytes) and tumors (= 65% T-cell esterase positive lymphocytes). Mesotheliomas exhibit very low positive findings (= 32% T-cell esterase positive lymphocytes) in contrast to carcinomas. In this way, acid alpha-naphthylacetate esterase may be helpful in some cases as a diagnostic aid.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

[Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland].

Myelolipoma is a benign, rare and hormone-inactive tumour of the adrenal gland. Only symptomatic or large myelolipomas have to be removed. CT enables diagnosis with a high degree of safety and accuracy.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

[Implementation and evaluation of the inhalation antigen test in the diagnosis of exogenous allergic alveolitis].

By the aid of antigen inhalation challenge test 16 patients with precipitating antibodies to bird antigens (pigeons, hens, budgerigars) and the supposed diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) were examined. Criterions for the evaluation of the objective parameters (FEV1, FVC, Ros, body-temperature, number of leukocytes) were established. The combination of objective parameters and subjective symptoms leads to the evaluation of the challenge test. Different types of bronchial response (monophasic and dual-responses) were observed after inhalation of antigens. In 7 cases the diagnosis of EAA was proved to be true according to the challenge test results. If there are no typical alterations in chest-x-rays and no alterations of ventilatory function, the antigen inhalation challenge test is the method of choice in the diagnosis of EAA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Lymphocyte populations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in various interstitial lung diseases].

Differential cell counts, T-, Tactive-, Tstable-, and B-lymphocytes were studied in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in peripheral blood from patients with thoracic sarcoidosis (S), extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In patients with S and EAA the total number of lymphocytes, the percentage of T-, Tactive-, and Tstable-lymphocytes were increased in BAL-fluid, especially in cases of active S and of acute EAA. Contrary to the BAL-fluid the peripheral blood values for T-lymphocytes were decreased in S and in the range of the control group (healthy volunteers) in EAA. The BAL-fluid of patients with IPF is characterized by a high number of polymorphonuclear cells, especially neutrophils. Current concepts of pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases are discussed and the possible key role of alveolitis in this process is elucidated.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗