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S Mboup

Publications and source records attributed to S Mboup.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Intrapatient variability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope V3 loop.

Studies of HIV-2 infection have shown lower rates of sexual and perinatal transmission and a prolonged incubation period to AIDS as compared to HIV-1. To evaluate the role of genetic variation in HIV pathogenesis, we studied intrapatient variability in the V3 loop of the HIV-2 envelope gene over time in five seropositive individuals. Proviral sequences derived from uncultured PBMC DNA (n = 102) demonstrated an average sequence heterogeneity within a sample of 1.4% (0-4.1%). This was significantly lower than the V3 sequence heterogeneity observed in HIV-1, which can be as high as 6.1%. In HIV-2-seropositive healthy patients the average intrapatient nucleotide variability rate was 0.6% compared to 2.0% in patients with clinical AIDS. The lower rate of variability between HIV-2 and HIV-1 is compatible with differences in transmission and pathogenesis of these two related viruses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Frequent use of menfegol spermicidal vaginal foaming tablets associated with a high incidence of genital lesions.

Menfegol is a spermicide with in vitro activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A randomized placebo-controlled safety study covered the use of menfegol foaming tablets for 14 days at increasing frequencies of insertion by 125 prostitutes in Dakar, Senegal. The frequencies of colposcopically diagnosed genital lesions were 5.0%, 11.8%, 27.8%, 49.7%, and 29.4% among menfegol recipients when tablets were used once every other day or 1, 2, 4, or 8 times a day, respectively (P < .05). Among placebo recipients, frequencies were 11.1% and 23.5% when tablets were used < 8 times daily and 8 times daily, respectively. There was no association between subjective genital symptoms and the incidence of colposcopically detected lesions. The high incidence of genital lesions when menfegol foaming tablets were used more than once daily suggests that their frequent use should not be recommended to prevent HIV transmission. In use at low frequency, the tablets' toxicity might be balanced by anti-HIV properties. Safety studies on vaginal microbicides should use objective methods, such as colposcopy, to assess the incidence of lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[HIV infection: a new concern in dental public health].

The authors report the results of a seroepidemiological study, conducted in Senegal on dental personnel. This study allows them to confirm that professional dental practice is a factor of risk for the HIV infection. This study recommends work methods to the dental profession.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus in Senegal, west Africa.

We studied 152 healthy pregnant women and their 156 newborns for markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Dakar, Senegal. Of these, 120 mothers (79%) had antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), 21 (13.8%) were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) positive, including 2/21 (9.5%) hepatitis B core-associated antigen (HBe Ag) positive and 1/21 (4.7%) HBV DNA positive. At birth, 11 (7%) infants were HBs Ag positive; 9/11 had an HBs Ag positive mother. Ten of these HBs Ag positive-born infants were investigated at 6-7 months: 5 were strongly HBs Ag positive and developed antibodies to HBs Ag, HBc Ag or HBe Ag; these 5 (3.2% of the total) probably became chronic carriers of HBV. The 5 others were HBs Ag negative and 4/5 did not develop antibodies against HBV Ag; HBs Ag positivity at birth was likely due to contamination of the mother's blood. Thirty-one of the 145 HBs Ag negative-born infants were studied at 6-7 months and remained HBs Ag negative. However, 5 (16%) showed evidence of HBV infection occurring between 0 and 6 months, as shown by the development of antibodies to HBs Ag, HBc Ag, and/or HBe Ag. Despite the low prevalence of HBV DNA and HBe Ag in HBs Ag positive African mothers, this study shows the occurrence of perinatal transmission of HBV in West Africa, in contrast with previous studies. Perinatal HBV transmission could explain the HBV vaccination failure recently reported in children in Senegal.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1993

Cost-effective diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 by recombinant-expressed env peptide (566/996) dot-blot analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the recombinant env peptides, 566 (HIV-1) and 996 (HIV-2), for their ability to serodiagnose HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection. To develop a cost-effective dot-blot format for these peptides, and to evaluate its performance in a developing country laboratory. DESIGN: The recombinant env peptides were evaluated using a select panel of sera (n = 327) with known serostatus from geographically diverse areas. A dot-blot assay was developed and tested on a second set of immunoblotted sera (n = 331) and further evaluated in the field on a third set of sera (n = 2718) from study populations. METHODS: All sera were evaluated by immunoblot with both HIV-1 and HIV-2 viral lysates. The recombinant env peptides were characterized in immunoblot assay before development of the dot-blot assay. RESULTS: The 566 (HIV-1) peptide showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The 996 (HIV-2) peptide performed similarly, but showed the presence of HIV-1 cross-reactive epitopes. When the two env peptides were used together, there was high specificity and sensitivity for detecting HIV-positive sera in both immunoblot and dot-blot formats. The dot-blot assay performed in the field showed slightly lower specificity and sensitivity for HIV diagnosis. The relative cost of this assay combined with non-commercial immunoblot confirmation was 10-fold lower than conventional commercial assays. CONCLUSIONS: The 566 and 996 env peptides are appropriate antigens for HIV serotype diagnosis. A dot-blot assay using these peptides may be a useful cost-effective method for HIV diagnosis applicable in developing country laboratories.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1993

[Antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella strains isolated in a pediatric population in Dakar. Research of beta-lactamase and plasmids].

114 strains of Salmonella were isolated from many samples in the Pediatric Hospital (Hôpital d'Enfants Albert Royer) of Dakar between January 1985 and December 1991. The sensibility to antibiotics were tested, and we studied the production of beta-lactamase and the presence of plasmids in the resistant strains. 27 serovars of Salmonella were identified and Salmonella typhi predominates with 45%. Only 28% of the strains were susceptible to all of the antibiotics, and 17% were found multiresistant; 8% of the strains produce beta-lactamase and plasmids were found in 6 multiresistant strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Accuracy of two enzyme immunoassays and cell culture in the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in low and high risk populations in Senegal.

Two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), Chlamydiazyme (CZ; Abbott Laboratories) and Pathfinder (PF; Kallestadt), were compared with a cell culture technique in the detection of cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 670 women in urban settings in Senegal (377 pregnant women and 293 prostitutes). Positive CZ and positive PF specimens were tested a second time using a monoclonal antibody blocking technique. True positive specimens were defined as those positive on culture or positive on EIA with confirmation of the result after blocking. Using this definition, the prevalence of genital chlamydial infection was 14.6% and 14.3% in pregnant women and prostitutes respectively. An important difference between the two populations was that the pregnant women were younger than the prostitutes, which might explain the fact that the prevalence of infection among the pregnant women was as high as that among the prostitutes, although the age-adjusted prevalence was higher among prostitutes than among pregnant women. The chlamydial detection rates of cell culture, CZ and PF were 62% (26/42), 69% (29/42) and 86% (36/42) respectively in prostitutes and 76% (42/55), 40% (22/55) and 53% (29/55) respectively in pregnant women. Agreement between the tests was 89%, 85% and 88% for culture/CZ, culture/PF and CZ/PF respectively. However, when data were adjusted for chance agreement, kappa coefficients were 0.40 for culture/CZ, 0.34 for culture/PF and 0.48 for CZ/PF. These results indicate that the accuracy of the EIAs and cell culture may vary greatly in different populations: both EIAs showed a distinctly higher detection rate than culture in prostitutes and a significantly lower detection rate in pregnant women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Infection due to hepatitis delta virus in Africa: report from Senegal and review.

A review of the literature shows strong variations in the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) among Africans seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In Senegal, West Africa, prevalence of antibodies to HDV among asymptomatic HBsAg carriers appears to be linked to regional and/or socioeconomic factors. Antibodies to HDV were found in 22 (47%) of 47 HBsAg-seropositive patients with liver disease who were hospitalized in the main hospital of Dakar and in 4% to 44% of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Eight (36%) of 22 patients with liver disease were seropositive for IgM antibodies to HDV, whereas none of 18 asymptomatic subjects were seropositive (P less than .01). According to studies conducted in Europe and the United States, the presence of this marker may constitute support for the argument that HDV plays a role in the development of HBsAg-associated liver diseases in Senegal and, presumably, within the African continent.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of Vibrio cholerae isolation over 10 years in CHU Fann].

A retrospective study, concerning ten thousand five hundred and sixty five (10,565) stool samples examined from 1981 to 1990, was done at the Bacteriology Laboratory of Fann University Hospital, Dakar (Sénégal). One thousand and six hundred and eighty (1680) enteropathogen agents were detected (15.9%), five hundred ninety two (592) of which were vibrio cholerae. The quasi totality strains of the vibrio cholerae (99.8%) belonged to the Ogawa serotype; they were isolated mainly during the hot and raining season. Young male adults were the most infected. Most of the strains revealed sensitive to Sulfamids and Tetracycline.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Field evaluation of alternative HIV testing strategy with a rapid immunobinding assay and an agglutination assay.

A rapid immunobinding assay ('HIVCHEK', Ortho) and an agglutination assay ('Serodia-HIV', Fujirebio) were evaluated as an alternative to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot under field conditions in Africa for detection of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 7106 specimens were tested at 25 laboratories in Kenya, Ghana, Senegal, and Zaire. HIVCHEK was used as a screening test, and serodia-HIV as a supplemental test to evaluate these assays in an alternative testing strategy to the standard ELISA/western blot testing procedure. In each country, HIVCHEK was more sensitive and specific than ELISA when compared with western blot. The sensitivity of HIVCHEK ranged from 87.0 to 96.3% and the specificity from 99.0 to 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of serodia-HIV ranged from 85 to 98% and from 88 to 98%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were affected by the presence of HIV-2 in Ghana and Senegal. Overall, with an HIV-1 prevalence of 14.8% in Kenya and 22.5% in Zaire, the sensitivities of the alternative strategy were 96.4% and 91.4%, the specificities 99.6% and 100%, the positive predictive values 97.6% and 100%, and the negative predictive values 99.3% and 97.9% for Kenya and Zaire, respectively. With this testing format there was an estimated average cost saving of up to 82% over the conventional strategy with ELISA/western blot. This procedure constitutes a reasonable alternative to the standard ELISA/western blot combination.

Africa↗
PubMed1991

[Salmonellosis: evaluation of 606 strains isolated in Dakar].

From 1979 to 1982, 606 strains of Salmonella have been isolated in the Laboratories of the CHU of Dakar, Senegal. The endemics serotypes are S. typhi (73%), S. enteritidis (5% and S. typhimurium (5%). Among the epidemics serotypes of Salmonella, the more commonly isolated is S. ordonnez (10%). These four serotypes represented 93% of the strains of Salmonella. Seventy per cent of the strains had been isolated from patients aged under less than twenty years. The epidemic serotypes provide essentially from infant. Five antibiotics among the eighteen tested, have inhibited 100% of Salmonella. A multiresistance to more than five antibiotics have been observed for sixty four strains (11%). Some strains of S. typhi (4%) are resistant to the chloramphenicol and three of them were multiresistants; this may result from the transfer of plasmidic's resistance of multiresistant epidemics serotypes Salmonella circulating in Dakar. In Sénégal, periodics studies of the epidemiology of Salmonella are justified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Neonatal bacterial infections: a retrospective study over 8 years].

In a retrospective study, one thousand and ten miscellaneous samples coming from infected newborns and tested at the bacteriology laboratory of A. Royer Children's Hospital from 1983 to 1991 were reviewed. These samples included 471 blood cultures, 114 pus of various origins, 410 cerebrospinal fluids and 15 urines. One bacterium or bacterial soluble antigens was detected in 294 samples (29.2%). Positivity percentage was 29.2% for septicemias, 68% for suppurations, 17.8% for meningitidis and 33.3% for urinary tract infections. There major species were identified: S. aureus (25.8%), Klebsiella spp (19.7%) and E. Coli (14.6%). Altogether, we isolated 156 enterobacteria (53%), 14 Gram negative bacilli (4.7%) and 124 cocci (42.1%) among which 19 streptococci (A, B, C) and 25 pneumococci. The most efficient antibiotics against all strains were AKN, CTX, CRO and GEN.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Urinary infections in gyneco-obstetrical practice at DAKAR U.H.C].

This prospective study seeks to define the epidemiological, clinical and biological boundaries of the danger of urinary infection in women, with a view to facilitating therapy where bacteriological competition is absent. 238 samples taken over a 4 month period revealed 57 bacteriologically positive, i.e. 24%. Urinary infection is particularly associated with women in their 30s, poor, and from a low socio-economic class, with little urinary history. Risk increases for pregnant women during the second quarter. Typical, classical symptoms, each for what it is worth, are to be found in over 75% of the positive samples. The most common germs are enterobacteria particularly sensitive to quinolones, aminosides and 3rd generation cephalosporines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Hepatitis B at the Dakar Dental School].

Numerous studies have revealed the personal risk of contamination of the virus hepatitis B (HBV). Dental surgeons are chiefly concerned about their almost continual contact, professionally, with blood and saliva. The authors report the results of a study done at the Dental Institute of Dakar. This study revealed the importance of AgHBS and its different functions during the period of observation. A particular point of this study is to emphasis subjects of serology, notably AgHBS+ Anti HBC-, which produce an alternative virus. This study, which is being followed up, has already enabled the commencement of disease prevention programmes of hepatitis through the vaccination of some students: protecting both the dental surgeons and their patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Causes of infectious gastro-enteritis in children in Dakar].

Between February 1983 and May 1988, 1,157 stools from children aged under 15 years presenting with diarrhoea and admitted to a paediatric hospital in Dakar, Senegal, were examined for the presence of bacterial and parasitic agents. We looked for Campylobacter and rotavirus in only 245 and 111 samples respectively. Enterobacteria were detected most frequently (162/264; 61.3 per cent). Among these, we found 92 (34.8 per cent) strains of enteropathogenic E. coli; 40 strains (15.1 per cent) of Salmonella spp. and 30 strains (11.3 per cent) of Shigella spp. V. cholerae was present in only 2 faecal specimens (0,7 per cent). Eighty-one (30.6 per cent) parasitic agents were isolated, including a high proportion (13.6 per cent) of flagellae. Campylobacter jejuni and retroviruses were found in 2 (0.8 percent) and 15 (13.5 percent) stool respectively. The frequency with which these enteropathogenic agents were isolated remains in keeping with the global situation usually observed in Dakar for several years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Hospital septicemias in Dakar. Epidemiologic study].

The authors examine the epidemiological character of septicemia at A. Le Dantec Paupers' Hospital, which admits an average of 10.000 patients per year to its surgical, medical, specialized medical and paediatric units. Distribution is studied in function of age, sex, unit, field of origin and germs, and according to whether the case was nosocomial or not.

Adolescent↗