PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Misra

Publications and source records attributed to S Misra.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

BRAVO I: A pilot study of vascular brachytherapy in polytetrafluoroethylene dialysis access grafts.

Hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction owing to stenosis and thrombosis in polytetrafluoroethylene dialysis access grafts is a huge clinical problem for which there are currently no long lasting durable therapies. Vascular brachytherapy has been used successfully for the prevention of coronary restenosis following angioplasty and stent placement. The Beta Radiation for Treatment of Arterial-Venous Graft Outflow I study was a pilot study of vascular brachytherapy in hemodialysis patients with patent but dysfunctional grafts. Twenty-five patients were randomized to receive either radiation therapy (a single dose of 18.4 Gy) or sham radiation, following angioplasty. The primary efficacy end point of the study was target lesion primary patency at 6 months. The primary safety end point was a composite of death, emergency surgery on the graft, venous rupture, or aneurysm formation. Forty-two percent of the radiated grafts achieved the target lesion primary patency end point at 6 months as compared to 0% of the control group (P = 0.015), but this did not translate into an improvement in secondary patency at either 6 or 12 months. Radiation therapy was found to be safe in the setting of hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction. Our results suggest that vascular brachytherapy is an intervention that is worthy of further examination in the setting of non-thrombosed dialysis access grafts.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Outcome of short-term antiepileptic treatment in patients with solitary cerebral cysticercus granuloma.

OBJECTIVES: The duration of antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy in cases of solitary cerebral cysticercus granuloma (SCCG) presents a major dilemma and the efficacy of short-term (6 months) vs long-term (2 years) AED therapy has been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective randomized study of short-term vs long-term AED treatment with SCCG has been undertaken. A total of 206 subjects with new onset seizures with SCCG were randomized into two groups: group A (98 patients) were treated for 6 months and group B (108 patients) were treated for 2 years with AED therapy. The patients were evaluated periodically during and at least 18 months after the tapering of drugs. RESULTS: Partial seizures with or without secondary generalization has been found to be the commonest manifestation occurring in 80.6% of patients with SCCG. In group A 66.3% and in group B 57.4% patients showed complete resolution of computerized tomographic lesion and rest had punctated residual calcification. Statistically, no significant difference in the recurrence of seizures was found in two groups with disappearance of lesion but the difference between calcified residua and complete resolution subset was significant. In patients having residual calcification, 42.2% in group A and 21.7% in group B had recurrence of seizures and the difference was statistically significant (Z = 1.97, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that SCCG with epilepsy is a benign self-limiting disease. A longer duration of therapy is not warranted in patients having total resolution of lesion. Calcified lesion was found to be the most common cause of recurrence of seizures. Higher recurrence rate was observed in short-term therapy in patients having calcified lesions and may require long-term AED treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Vitamin C modulation of cisplatin-induced cytogenotoxicity in bone marrow, spermatogonia and its transmission in the male germline of Swiss mice.

Relative modulatory effects of three different doses of vitamin C (VC), 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, on cytogenotoxicity induced by cisplatin (CP) 5 mg/kg were assessed from the comparison of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and mitotic index in bone marrow cells, micronucleus test (MNT) in polychromatic erythrocytes from the somatic cell line and spermatogonial chromosome aberrations (SCAs), primary spermatocytic chromosome analysis and sperm morphology assay from the male germline of VC-pretreated and CP-alone treated mice. Each pretreatment dose of VC protected bone marrow cells from the CP-induced cytogenotoxicity by decreasing the aberrant metaphases, CAs and MN significantly, particularly the lower doses. The protection was inversely proportional to the pretreated dose of VC i.e., the higher the dose of VC the less protection was provided. The lower doses of VC also protected the spermatogonial cells by significantly decreasing the CP-induced aberrant metaphases and SCAs, whereas the highest dose potentiated such effects by increasing them significantly. Besides, transmission of CP-induced cytogenotoxicity in the male germline was enhanced significantly in all VC pretreated mice, resulting in an increase in the frequency of aberrant prima ry spermatocytes and abnormal sperm. Since the spermatogonial cells with gross effects were eliminated/died, the tolerable effects stabilized in some of them were transmitted through the male germline with the consequent increase in the manifestation of aberrant primary spermatocytes and abnormal sperm. However, VC failed to decrease in the transmission of such effects. Thus, the protective action of VC was dose dependent and tissue specific. Moreover, the time of VC treatment i.e., its pre- or post-treatment to the exposure of cells to cytogenotoxic substances is important in providing protection from or potentiation of the cytogenotoxic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Etiological spectrum of non-traumatic myelopathies: experience from a tertiary care centre.

AIM: This study aimed to identify the clinical and radiological profile of non-traumatic myelopathies and various etiologies associated with them. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and four patients of non-traumatic myelopathy were prospectively studied in different wards of Sir Sundar Lal Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, from September 2002 to March2004. Patients underwent a detailed clinical evaluation followed by laboratory investigation and neuroimaging studies. RESULTS: Among 204 patients of non-traumatic myelopathy, 108 patients presented with paraplegia and 96 patients with quadriplegia. Tuberculosis was the commonest cause of compression paraplegia in this series and was observed in 42 cases (33.33%) while quadriplegia was seen in only 3 cases (2.38%). In the present study, acute transverse myelitis formed the major bulk of non-compressive myelopathy. CONCLUSION: Tuberculosis of spine was the most common cause of compressive myelopathy and among the non-compressive group acute transverse myelitis and SACD were the important etiology.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Observation of quantum Hall "valley Skyrmions".

We report measurements of the interaction-induced quantum Hall effect in a spin-polarized AlAs two-dimensional electron system where the electrons occupy two in-plane conduction band valleys. Via the application of in-plane strain, we tune the energies of these valleys and measure the energy gap of the quantum Hall state at filling factor nu = 1. The gap has a finite value even at zero strain and, with strain, rises much faster than expected from a single-particle picture, suggesting that the lowest energy charged excitations at nu = 1 are "valley Skyrmions."

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Early white matter changes in Wilson disease.

We describe a 12 years old male who presented with one year history of cognitive decline with extrapyramidal features. Wilson disease was diagnosed on basis of biochemical studies and MRI. MRI showed increased signal intensity on T2 weighted images in basal ganglia and supratentorial with infratentorial gray and white matter. Our patient developed white matter changes early in course of disease.

Brain↗
PubMed2004

Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia following head injury.

A 40-year-old female after a closed head injury presented with bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Attempted convergence was abnormal and MRI revealed the focal hemorrhage in the medial longitudinal fasciculus region by showing bright signal in the a pontomesencephalic region in the midline on both T1 and T2 weighted images. The patient regained normal ocular mobility after six months of the injury. The medial longitudinal fasciculus, which is believed to be lesioned in cases of internuclear ophthalmoplegia, is an unusual and rare finding, particularly in patients victims of head injury without further neurological signs. Isolated internuclear ophthalmoplegia should be considered in the differential diagnosis when one encounters an adduction deficit in a patient suffering head injury.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2004

Polyneuropathy with osteosclerotic myeloma--POEMS syndrome.

A 55-years-old male, who presented with insidious onset gradually progressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy, POEMS-syndrome was diagnosed based on polyneuropathy, splenomegaly, hypothyroidism, the presence of IgG-monoclonal serum protein with osteosclerotic lesions and hyperpigmention of skin. Biopsy of the osteosclerotic lesion from the right superior pubic rami was consistent with plasmocytoma. Electrophysiological studies revealed demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy and biopsy from sural nerve showed demyelinating neuropathy with secondary axonopathy. The patient showed improvement with radiotherapy. This is a rare systemic disease from the clinical spectrum of plasma cell dyscrasias with polyneuropathy. The importance of POEMS syndrome in the differential diagnosis of polyneuropathies has been emphasized.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2003

Cauda-conus syndrome resulting from neurocysticercosis.

A 60-year-old male, presented with insidious onset, gradually progressive, burning paresthesia over the saddle area, sphincteric disturbance, impotence and paraparesis. Investigations revealed a ring-enhancing lesion in the conus medullaris suggestive of neurocysticercosis. This was supported by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay from purified cell fraction of taenia solium cysticerci. On treatment with steroids he showed marked improvement.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Neurocysticercosis presenting as Weber's syndrome.

This case report describes a rare, non-epileptic manifestation of neurocysticercosis where a 22-year-old male presented with acute onset right 3rd nerve palsy with left hemiplegia (Weber syndrome). Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed cysticercus granuloma. The patient improved and became asymptomatic with steroid treatment. Recognizing this clinical entity would avoid unnecessary antituberculous treatment and surgical intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

An integrated computational pipeline and database to support whole-genome sequence annotation.

We describe here our experience in annotating the Drosophila melanogaster genome sequence, in the course of which we developed several new open-source software tools and a database schema to support large-scale genome annotation. We have developed these into an integrated and reusable software system for whole-genome annotation. The key contributions to overall annotation quality are the marshalling of high-quality sequences for alignments and the design of a system with an adaptable and expandable flexible architecture.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Apollo: a sequence annotation editor.

The well-established inaccuracy of purely computational methods for annotating genome sequences necessitates an interactive tool to allow biological experts to refine these approximations by viewing and independently evaluating the data supporting each annotation. Apollo was developed to meet this need, enabling curators to inspect genome annotations closely and edit them. FlyBase biologists successfully used Apollo to annotate the Drosophila melanogaster genome and it is increasingly being used as a starting point for the development of customized annotation editing tools for other genome projects.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Atomic scale imaging and spectroscopy of a CuO(2) plane at the surface of Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta).

We have used a scanning tunneling microscope to demonstrate that a single CuO2 plane can form a stable and atomically ordered layer at the surface of Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta). In contrast to previous studies on high-T(c) surfaces, the CuO2-terminated surface exhibits a strongly suppressed tunneling conductance at low voltages. We consider a number of different explanations for this phenomena and propose that it may be caused by how the orbital symmetry of the CuO2 plane's electronic states affects the tunneling process.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Mapping the one-dimensional electronic States of nanotube peapod structures.

Arrays of C60 molecules nested inside single-walled nanotubes represent a class of nanoscale materials having tunable properties. We report electronic measurements of this system made with a scanning tunneling microscope and demonstrate that the encapsulated C60 molecules modify the local electronic structure of the nanotube. Our measurements and calculations also show that a periodic array of C60 molecules gives rise to a hybrid electronic band, which derives its character from both the nanotube states and the C60 molecular orbitals.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Case report. Orbital metastasis from gall bladder carcinoma.

Clinical presentation of an extraabdominal metastasis from carcinoma of the gall bladder is rare. Orbital metastasis from gall bladder carcinoma has not been previously reported. We report a case of a 40-year-old woman who developed orbital metastasis from carcinoma of the gall bladder.

Adenocarcinoma↗