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S Mizukami

Publications and source records attributed to S Mizukami.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Duplication of the inferior vena cava: two case reports.

We encountered two cases of duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in the Japanese cadavers of a 91-year-old man and a 71-year-old woman. Both of the anomalies were classified as Type BC and as Type I according to the systems of Chuang et al. (1974) and of Sarma (1966), respectively. In one case the right IVC was twice the diameter of the left IVC, and in the other it was five times as large. We discuss the clinical importance and the development of duplication of the IVC.

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PubMed1998

A metopic suture observed in a 91-year-old Japanese male.

We encountered a complete ectometopic suture in a 91-year-old Japanese male cadaver during a gross anatomy course. It was observed in one of 26 skulls aged from 62 to 92 years and was about 13 cm in length from the bregma to the nasion. It is rare to encounter the metopic suture in a person of advanced age, as in the present case.

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PubMed1997

Peritoneal lymphatic stomata of the diaphragm in the mouse: process of their formation.

BACKGROUND: Lymphatic stomata are channels connecting the peritoneal cavity with the lymphatics in the diaphragm. The process of sequential formation of the stomata has not been studied. The objective of this study was to examine the morphogenesis of the lymphatic stomata in mice. METHODS: Ultrathin sections of diaphragms from ddY mice obtained on embryonic day 18 and postnatal days 0, 4, and 10 were observed with a transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: By embryonic day 18 and postnatal day 0, lymphatics were already observed in the submesothelial connective tissue on the peritoneal side of the fetal diaphragm. The lymphatic endothelial cells, but not the mesothelial cells covering the diaphragm, protruded short cytoplasmic processes into the submesothelial connective tissue, and these almost reached the basal surfaces of individual mesothelial cells. By postnatal days 4 and 10, the lymphatic endothelial cells frequently protruded cytoplasmic processes into the submesothelial connective tissue, and the endothelial cell processes broke the continuity of both the basal lamina beneath the mesothelial cells and the submesothelial connective tissue. Neighboring endothelial processes formed a pair of U-shaped folds that were connected with each other via intercellular junctions at the apexes of the U-shaped folds. The disassembly of the intercellular junctions between the U-shaped folds was observed, and the basal surface of the mesothelial cell faced the lymphatic lumen. Dehiscence of the intercellular junctions between the mesothelial cells overlaying the lymphatics was observed, and lymphatic stomata were present. On the pleural side of the diaphragm, lymphatics were already present on embryonic day 18, but it was not observed that the endothelial process spanned the submesothelial connective tissue to the basal surface of the mesothelial cell. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the following process of the formation of the lymphatic stomata. (1) Neighboring lymphatic endothelial cells span the submesothelial connective tissue to the basal surfaces of mesothelial cells. (2) The lymphatic stomata are formed by the disassembly of the intercellular junctions between the neighboring endothelial cells and between the mesothelial cells overlying the endothelial cells.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

A variant branch of the internal laryngeal nerve supplying filaments to the cricothyroid muscle: an autopsy case.

We report a variant branch of the internal laryngeal nerve found in a Japanese male body. This branch, arising in the piriform fossa from the inferior portion of the loose network formed by the intercommunicating subbranches of the internal laryngeal nerve, descended in the interval between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages accompanied by a branch of the superior laryngeal artery as far downward as the lowest portion of the thyroid cartilage. Here it crossed lateral to the inferior laryngeal nerve to which it gave off a communicating branch and reached the deep surface of the cricothyroid muscle. In this muscle it split into several divisions, each of which issued filaments to this muscle. The terminal branch of this variant branch ended in the fascia covering the cricothyroid muscle and the cricoid cartilage.

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PubMed1997

A rare case: the medical cord of the brachial plexus sandwiched between the axillary and superficial brachial arteries.

We encountered a rare anomaly in the cadaver of a Japanese woman in the medical cord of the brachial plexus including the ulnar nerve and the medical root of the median nerve was sandwiched with the axillary and the superficial brachial arteries. The axillary artery passed inferior and dorsal to the medial cord, branching off the subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral arteries, and the common trunk of the posterior circumflex humeral and profunda brachii arteries, and ended as the inferior ulnar collateral artery. The superficial brachial artery descended ventral to the median nerve and divided into the radial and ulnar arteries in the cubital fossa. We discuss the developmental formation of this anomaly.

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PubMed1997

Three cases of the musculocutaneous nerve not perforating the coracobrachialis muscle.

We encountered three anomalies in which the musculocutaneous nerve did not penetrate the coracobrachialis during a gross anatomy course in 1996. Two of the anomalies were present in the bilateral arms of the cadaver of an 89-year-old woman, and the other in the right arm of the cadaver of a 64-year-old man. In all of the anomlies the musculocutaneous nerve, the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, and the median nerve were contained in a common sheath of connective tissue. Thus, muscular branches to the flexor muscles of the upper arm and the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve seemed to arise from the cord and the median nerve. After the common sheath was removed, the musculocutaneous and median nerves were completely separated, or the fusion between the musculocutaneous and median nerves only remained partially. These variations are apparently not rare, and it is possible that the combined paralysis of the musculocutaneous and median nerves would occur. The present variation may be important to clinicians.

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PubMed1997

Aberrant branch of the superior laryngeal nerve passing through the thyroid foramen: a macroscopical study.

This is the first report providing detailed description on an aberrant branch (AB) which, arising from the superior laryngeal nerve (LN), passes through the thyroid foramen and is distributed to the mucous membrane of the larynx. The foramen was observed in 7 out of 14 Japanese cadavers examined in this study, 3 on the right, 3 on the left and one on both sides. In these 7 sides, the AB was given off from the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (LN) during its descent on the inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx. In one side, however, it arose from both the external and internal branches of the superior LN. In each case, the AB, after passing through this foramen, reached the lateral aspect of the arytenoid cartilage, dividing into a superior and an inferior division. The superior one was communicated with a branch of the internal branch of the superior LN, while the inferior one was communicated with that of the inferior LN of the recurrent LN. The joined branches were distributed to the mucous membrane covering the ventricle of the larynx and the vocal fold. On the basis of the height of its distribution, it can be mentioned that the AB is situated intermediate in position between the internal branch of the superior and inferior LNs.

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PubMed1997

Right superior bronchial artery arising from the right subclavian artery and accompanying nerve branches: an autopsy case.

In one out of 8 examined cadavers a solid, right superior bronchial artery was found to arise from the subclavian artery with its origin at the same level as those of the right vertebral and internal thoracic arteries. This bronchial artery was 1.5 mm in caliber and closely associated with the right sinal nerve arising from the vagus nerve and with the right stellate cardiopulmonary nerves arising from the right stellate ganglion. Such a close association was also observed between other sympathetic cardiac nerves and bronchial arteries and an extracoronary artery. On the basis of these observations it was deduced that the general course of the bronchial arteries serves to pave the way for the extension of the sympathetic cardiac nerves to the heart.

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PubMed1996

Retroesophageal right subclavian artery originating from the aortic arch distal and dorsal to the left subclavian artery.

In the cadaver of a Japanese 79 year-old man a retroesophageal right subclavian artery was observed to be derived from the arch of the aorta slightly distal and dorsal to the left subclavian artery. Its origin formed Kommerell's arterial diverticulum (50 mm in circumference), and it passed between the esophagus and the vertebral column and continued to the right to become the axillary artery. No right recurrent laryngeal nerve was observed. There was a right ansa subclavia around the subclavian artery. Although this anomaly is relatively rare, it is important as a cause of dysphagia lusoria.

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PubMed1996

The superficial ulnar artery originating from the axillary artery.

An anomalous superficial ulnar artery was found during anatomical dissection in the right arm of an 83-year-old Japanese woman. It originated in the axillary artery, crossed over the median nerve, coursed ventral to the median nerve and the brachial artery, but superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis and the flexor muscles. At the palm it formed the superficial and deep palmar arches together with the branches of the radial artery. The brachial artery divided into the radial and common interosseous arteries in the cubital fossa.

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PubMed1996

An autopsy case of an extracoronary artery presenting evidence for the dualism of blood supply to the human heart.

In an anatomy class, dissection of a cadaver led to the discovery of a hitherto not reported extracoronary artery found to take part in supplying blood to the heart of a Japanese male. This artery arose from the concavity of the aortic arch and coursed as far downward as the level of the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk, dividing here into the arterial porta- and venous porta-related arteries; the latter obviously supplied the atrial portion of the heart. It is believed that this artery is a variant of the bronchial artery.

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PubMed1996

Superficial brachial arteries observed in bilateral arms.

We describe rare anomalies of the bilateral superficial brachial arteries in a dissected 69-year-old Japanese man in the gross anatomical course. The right and left superficial brachial arteries were observed to originate from the axillary artery, pass over the lateral root of the median nerve, course laterally and superficially to the median nerve, and split into the radial and ulnar arteries in the cubital fossa. The right brachial artery ended in the posterior aspect of the elbow. The left brachial artery ended in the anastomosis with the ulnar artery at the site opposite to the origin of the common interosseous artery. These arterial patterns can be explained by the existence, during the developmental process of the arteries of the arm, of a superficial brachial artery and an anastomotic branch between the superficial brachial and brachial arteries.

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PubMed1994

Dynamic features of hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the human brain during all-night sleep as revealed by near-infrared spectroscopy.

By the use of near-infrared spectroscopy, hemodynamic and metabolic changes were monitored continuously in the human brain during all-night sleep in a similar time dimension as closely monitored by electroencephalography. Measurements were started in the awake state, the values of which were taken as the control. Contrary to what many have predicted, the cerebral oxygen metabolic rate (CMRO2) increased during the transition from wakefulness to sleep. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) decreased during non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, in which a dissociation between changes in CBF and those in CMRO2 was observed. The CBF returned to the control level even in response to the only 20-s appearance of alpha activity on the electroencephalogram. During REM sleep both CBF and CMRO2 were practically the same as the control level, whereas during the transition from REM sleep to arousal a disproportionate increase in CBF compared with CMRO2 was observed. Thus, it is suggested that the flow-metabolic coupling mechanism is reset to a new level during sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Anesthetic management for cesarean section in patients with maternal myotonic dystrophy].

Myotonic dystrophy involves not only voluntary muscles of extremities, pharyngeal muscle and respiratory muscle but also smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract. This muscle involvement can cause difficulty in excreting sputa, delayed emptying time of stomach and regurgitation of gastric content, all of which can lead to disastrous complications of anesthetic management. Pregnancy is rare because of ovarian atrophy. We report two cases of cesarean section for patients with myotonic dystrophy. In one case, the newborn baby had dyspnea due to congenital myotonic dystrophy, and in another case, patient experienced postoperative pneumonia. Our cases and other reports suggest that spinal or epidural anesthesia is safely applied for a cesarean section of a patient with myotonic dystrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Studies on the inferior phrenic vein of rats: the probability of its being a collateral route of blood from the lower portion of the body to the heart.

The principal aim of this study was to elucidate key features of the inferior phrenic vein (IPV) of adult rats to determine whether the IPV has the potential to function as a collateral return route conveying blood from the lower portion of the body to the heart, bypassing the subhepatic vein segment of the inferior caval vein. In rats, the IPVs on both sides were found to reveal a symmetric appearance. They were both composite vessels, being made up of two fellow subvessels, the sternocostal and the lumbocostal veins, which in turn anastomosed in tandem in their periphery with each other, formed a collateral route bridging the interval between the suprarenal and the hepatic vein segments of the inferior caval vein. In rat embryos of E17.5, the sternocostal and lumbocostal veins of the IPV were observed to have been well developed, forming tandem anastomoses more clearly than in adults, thus connecting the subcardinal vein to the hepatic vein segment of the inferior caval vein. This fact substantiates our supposition that the rat's IPV originally has the potential to act as a collateral returning route which allows blood to bypass the subhepatic vein segment of the inferior caval vein.

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