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Biomedical subjects

S Mizukami

Publications and source records attributed to S Mizukami.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cortical reflex myoclonus associated with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS): a case report.

A 9-year-old female MELAS patient with myoclonus is reported, with emphasis on the results of electrophysiological studies of the myoclonus. At age 5 years she experienced a stroke-like episode, and a diagnosis of MELAS was made at age 6 years on the basis of muscle biopsy findings. At age 9 years spontaneous and segmental myoclonus, predominantly affecting the upper extremities, developed because of complications. Electrophysiological examination, including of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) and averaged EMG for long loop reflexes, revealed so-called "giant SEP" and enhanced long loop reflexes reflecting cortical hyperexicitability. Jerk-locked averaging yielded no myoclonus related spikes, but myoclonus-contingent 4-5 Hz theta bursts appeared. These findings suggest that some types of MELAS may be associated with cortical types of myoclonus.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Branches of the internal thoracic artery of rats supplying the heart, the sinus regions and the brachiocephalic veins.

Branches of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) of rats which supply the heart, the sinus regions (see Terminology 1) and the brachiocephalic veins, were macroscopically studied. Two major branches of the ITA, the pericardiacophrenic artery and the descending ramus of the bronchoesophageal artery, were found supplying branches to these central portions of the cardiovascular system (see Table 1). They constituted, together with the ordinal coronary arteries, a system of dual blood supply to the heart as reported by Grant & Regnier (1926), Halpern et al. (1953, 1954) and Hebel & Stromberg (1986). This finding also supports a proposal of Grant & Regnier (1926) that the rat ITA emits cardiac branches which should be classified on the vertebrate scale to the caudal or extracoronary artery. Branches of the ITA to the heart, the sinus regions and to the brachicephalic veins were found to be classified into 2 major groups depending on their choice of entrance--arterial portal and venous porta; the latter was further divided into 3 subgroups depending on their selection of the (lateral or pulmonary or esophageal) mesocardium for traveling to the venous porta (see Table 2).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A macroscopical study of the inferior phrenic artery of female rats, with reference to the embryological background of occurrence of the genital artery from this artery.

The principal aim of this study was to elucidate the general features of the inferior phrenic artery (IPA) of female rats which retain the original embryonic configuration of this artery. The artery of the right side was found to be detached from the renal artery, while that of the left side arose from the aorta. Between these fellow arteries, however, no essential morphological differences were discernible. At some point not far from their origin, they were found to break up into the ascending, suprarenal, suprareno genital and descending arteries. The ascending artery of the right side coursed along with the phrenic nerve, and vascularized a greatest portion of the total area of the partes sternalis et costalis of the diaphragm. Furthermore, the artery was found to be intimately associated with the inferior caval vein. Thus, it could be assumed that this artery of adult rats has been embryologically related to the musculus diaphragmaticus, transverse septum, ventral pleuroperitoneal fold, and the caval venous mesentery. The suprarenal artery took its course along the superior margin of this gland to reach the lateroinferior part of the pars costalis of the diaphragm. Its course and destination strongly indicates that in its development the suprarenal artery has been intimately related to the formation of the ventral pleuroperitoneal fold. The suprarenogenital artery was characterized as giving off a genital branch which entered first the diaphragmogenital ligament, and then took a descending course toward the ovary, in a quite similar manner of origin and course to those of the aberrant gonadal (testicular and gonadal) arteries observed in Japanese human adults (Shinohara et al., 1990; Hanie, to be published). The descending artery was observed to be closely associated with the major splanchnic nerve and the celiac ganglion. The variability of arteries of the IPA of female rats and also of humans, seems to reflect dramatic changes which have occurred in the early stages of development, and have influenced more or less the morphology of the uppermost abdominal anlages of the followings: transverse septum, musculus diaphragmaticus, dorsal and ventral pleuroperitoneal folds, suprarenal gland and celiac ganglion, urogenital organs, inferior caval vein in the caval venous mesentery. In conclusion, it could be said that the anatomy of female rats provide us valuable clues as to the essential configuration of the IPA of humans and the relationships of the IPA to structures which are thought to be directly involved in the development of this artery.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

Vagal communicating branches between the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves, with references to their occurrence from the embryological point of view.

A rare and hitherto not reported case in which a branch of the vagal nerve communicated simultaneously with the facial and the glossopharyngeal nerves was encountered in the body of a Japanese male cadaver in an anatomy class. This vagofacial-vagoglossopharyngeal (X.VII-X.IX) communicating branch was found to issue from the vagal nerve truck in close association with the pharyngeal branches (rami pharyngei nervi vagi), bifurcating soon into a vagofacial (X.VII) and a vagoglossopharyngeal division (X.IX). The X.VII division coursed forward and reached the posterior belly of the digastric muscle; after entering this muscle, this division broke up into filaments to communicate with the ramus digastricus of the facial nerve which was found to play an equivalent role in making the vagofacial ansa. The X.IX division, in contrast, took its course medially to reach the stylopharyngeal muscle. After entering this muscle, the X.IX division communicated with the stylopharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which was found to be the equivalent to the X.IX division; these two form together the vagoglossopharyngeal ansa. Therefore, it could be concluded that the X.VII-X.IX communicating branch constitutes the vagal moieties of the vagofacial as well as the vagoglossopharyngeal ansae. The background of the appearance of the communicating branches observed in this report is discussed in the text from the developmental viewpoint on the basis of the findings obtained in chick embryos stained in whole mounts with anti-neurofilament protein antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A macroscopic study of the internal thoracic artery of the rat.

The internal thoracic artery (ATI) of rats was macroscopically studied. In this study, the overall features of the artery were virtually elucidated in entirety. The artery was found to arise from the subclavian artery in the thoracic cavity and to immediately break up into the following branches: (1) the pericardiacophrenic artery, (2) the superior epigastric artery, (3) the thymic branch, (4) the comitans branch to the brachiocephalic veins, and finally (5) the bronchoesophageal trunk. As is well known, rats are devoid of the superior caval veins, retaining instead a pair of brachiocephalic veins into adulthood; this is a greatly beneficial condition as it enables us to consider the essential relationships of the ATI to relevant structures which are thought to be directly involved in the development of the ATI. In fact, the rat ATI revealed topographically a remarkable intimacy with the phrenic nerve, the brachiocephalic and inferior caval veins, the heart and lungs and also with the diaphragm; in their development all are in close relationship with the pleuropericardial fold. This fact leads us to the opinion that, for a better understanding of the morphological meanings of the ATI, an understanding of the relationship of this artery to the pleuropericardial fold seems to be a prerequisite.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Distribution of valves in the great saphenous vein; its clinical implications.

The number and distribution of valves were examined in 26 great saphenous veins. The number of valves per vein ranged from 3 to 11 with an average of 6.7. The valves tended to be concentrated in two segments; one within 10 cm from the sapheno-femoral junction, and the other between 35 cm and 45 cm from the sapheno-femoral junction. More than 55% of the valves were located in these two segments. This fact should be taken into account when obtaining vein segments in graft operations.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Position of the sapheno-femoral junction; to what extent is ideal "in situ" saphenous vein graft possible?

The relative position of the sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) with respect to the origin of the arterial trunk from which the deep femoral artery arises was examined. Among 47 SFJ's, 9 (19%) were located at a proximal level to the arterial trunk, another 9 (19%) were located at an equal level to the trunk, and the remaining 29 (62%) were located at a distal level to the trunk. "In situ" saphenous vein graft for occlusion of the femoral artery is best indicated when the SFJ is located proximal to the arterial trunk. Our results suggested that such cases are encountered in as few as 19% of patients.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗