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Biomedical subjects

S Mudd

Publications and source records attributed to S Mudd.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

The effect of nonspecific immune stimulation on the recurrence rate of herpetic keratitis in rabbits.

Cellular immunity is of primary importance in resistance to virus infection. In this study, 75 rabbits were immunized with live BCG, 75 rabbits were immunized with Staphylococcus aureus, and 75 rabbits were injected with saline. Two weeks after immunization the corneal epithelium of both eyes was infected with McKrae strain herpes virus, and five weeks after immunization the rabbits were skin tested with old tuberculin or staphylococcus to ascertain their immune status. The corneas were observed under the slit lamp for recurrent epithelial herpes from day 52 through day 84 after immunization. During the second week of observation the group immunized with BCG had statistically significantly fewer recurrences than the saline-injected control group. The data for the BCG group during the remainder of the observation period, and for the SPL immunized group, were not statistically distinguishable from the control group. These experiments indicate that nonspecific immune stimulation provides little protection against recurrent herpetic infection. It is possible that manipulation of dosage and timing could enhance this effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Specific and nonspecific cell-mediated resistance to influenza virus in mice.

We found that influenza virus had the capacity to replicate in the peritoneal macrophages of normal mice, as revealed by the development of hemadsorption and the appearance intracellularly of S and V antigens. Cell-mediated resistance was studied in mice infected with influenza virus or a bacterial sytem of induction-elicitation. In the homologous system, mice were injected intraperitoneally or exposed by aerosol to a sublethal dose of an egg-adapted swine strain of influenza virus. In the heterologous system, they were infected repeatedly with Staphylococcus aureus and elicited by subcutaneous or aerosol administration of staphylococcal antigens. The peritoneal macrophages from mice specifically or nonspecifically immunized were significantly more resistant than those from normal mice. Also longer survival to in vivo challenge by the mouse-adapted virus, as compared with normal mice, was indicated in bacterially stimulated mice.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1973

Protection of mice against vaccinia virus by bacterial infection and sustained stimulation with specific bacterial antigens.

In these experiments, mice which have a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity to mycobacteria were found, when elicited with old tuberculin, to be more resistant to intravenous vaccinia virus challenge than controls. This was manifest as protection from killing when large amounts of virus were injected, or as significantly less tail swelling and damage as well as lower titers of infectious virus when a lesser inoculum was used. Preliminary experiments indicate that animals sensitized with Staphylococcus aureus and elicited with phage lysate of staphylococcus are also more resistant to vaccinia infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Staphylococcidal capability of rabbit peritoneal macrophages in relation to infection and elicitation: delayed-type hypersensitivity without increased resistance.

The staphylococcidal capability of populations of peritoneal macrophages in rabbits has been measured before and after repeated infections with Staphylococcus aureus. Such rabbits after infection showed delayed-type hypersensitivity to S. aureus antigens, but the staphylococcidal capability of the peritoneal macrophages was not increased. This result at the cellular level is in agreement with previous assessment in vivo of the consequences of staphylococcal infection. Pathways to cell-mediated resistance, with and without delayed-type hypersensitivity, are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Staphylococcidal capability of rabbit peritoneal macrophages in relation to infection and elicitation: induction and elicitation of activated macrophages.

The capability of macrophages to inactivate ingested staphylococci can be augmented when repeated infection is followed by specific elicitation with staphylococcal lysate. The increase in staphylococcidal capability with specific elicitation after infection is not dramatic but is statistically significant. The percentage of change in staphylococcidal capability after infection and specific elicitation is systematically related to the staphylococcidal capability of the populations of macrophages in the same rabbits studied prior to infection. When the capability of the initial populations of macrophages has been high, the percentage of change after infection and elicitation may be slight or even negative. When the staphylococcidal capability of the initial population of macrophages in a given rabbit has been low, there is typically a significant increase in this capability after infection and elicitation. It is shown at the cellular level that it is possible to evoke a population of activated macrophages, by a procedure which is analogous to procedures reported as useful in human practice.

Animals↗