PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Okano

Publications and source records attributed to S Okano.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like state in a patient with Down syndrome and basal ganglia calcification.

We report a case of rhabdomyolysis in a 13-year-old Down syndrome patient with progressive quadriplegia, choreoathetosis and dystonia. Cranial CT demonstrated bilateral basal ganglia calcification. He experienced the sudden onset of high fever, cloudiness of consciousness, muscle rigidity and severe opisthotonus. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the marked increases in serum creatine kinase and myoglobin. There was remarkable elevation of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, homovanillic acid and methoxy-hydroxyphenyl glycol in the cerebrospinal fluid during hyperpyrexia. This case exhibited almost all the diagnostic criteria of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. It was suggested that abnormalities of monoamines in the central nervous system may be related to the pathologic etiology of this state and rhabdomyolysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effects of neonatal asphyxia on the serotonin neuron system in the developing brain studied by immunohistochemistry.

The effects of neonatal asphyxia on the serotonin neuron system were examined using the immunoperoxidase method. Male mice, 2 days of age, were exposed to total asphyxia (100% CO2) for 30 min. Mice that spontaneously survived were perfused transcardially with a fixative at 15, 30 and 60 days of age. Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis at 60 days of age demonstrated a significant decrease in the numbers of serotonin-immunoreactive cell bodies in the nucleus raphe dorsalis, the nucleus raphe pontis, the subpyramidal region, the total raphe system and the whole brain, while no significant reduction in the number of serotonin-immunoreactive cell bodies was observed in the caudal raphe system. Presumably degenerative changes in serotonin-immunoreactive fibers were observed in various parts of the brain of mice subjected to total asphyxia at 15 days of age, and the numbers of degenerated fibers decreased in almost all parts of the brain, the exception being the caudal portion of the brainstem, at 30 and 60 days of age. These results suggested that neonatal asphyxia induced permanent changes in the serotonin neuron system, with regional differences.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of chronic administration of noradrenaline and glucagon on in vitro brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.

The in vitro brown adipose tissue (BAT) oxygen consumption stimulated by noradrenaline (NA) or glucagon (G) was significantly lower in chronically NA-treated rats and that of G-treated rats did not differ as compared with that of vehicle-treated control animals. In vitro thermogenic response of BAT in NA-treated rats was consistent with that induced by cold acclimation.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1992

Effect of immobilization stress on in vitro and in vivo thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue.

Repetitive intermittent stress such as immobilization has been shown to induce an improved cold tolerance through an enhanced capacity of nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), causing positive cross adaptation between nonthermal stress and cold. In the present study, effect of 3-h-daily immobilization stress for 4-5 weeks was investigated on in vitro and in vivo thermogenesis of interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT). In vitro thermogenesis was measured in the minced tissue blocks incubated in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer with glucose and albumin at 37 degrees C, using a Clark-type oxygen electrode. The stressed rats showed less body weight gain during the experiment. The BAT weight, its protein and DNA contents were significantly greater in the stressed rats. Basal, noradrenaline- and glucagon-stimulated oxygen consumptions were significantly greater in the stressed rats. In vivo thermogenesis was assessed by the changes of temperatures in colon (Tcol), BAT (TBAT), and tail skin (Tsk) induced by noradrenaline or glucagon infusion in the anesthetized rats. Noradrenaline and glucagon increased the TBAT and the extent of increase was greater in the stressed rats. These results indicate that cross adaptation between nonthermal stress and cold may be mediated through an enhanced thermogenic activity of BAT.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1992

[Principles of lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer according to depth of wall invasion, tumor site and regional lymphatic flow].

The principles of lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer are discussed based on the 1010 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy with curative intent between 1970 and 1990. In 147 of these patients, regional lymphatic flow was examined by injecting activated carbon particles CH40. 1) One hundred and ninety patients (19.8%) with cancer invasion confined to the mucosa had lymph node metastases limited to the perigastric nodes (n1). 2) Two hundred and five patients (20.3%) had cancer invasion to the submucosa. For 99.0% of them the lymph node metastases were limited to compartment II (n2). 3) Three hundred and twenty-two patients (31.9%), with cancer invasion to the muscle layer or serosa and limited to the upper or middle third of the stomach, had lymph node metastases in compartment II and No. 12 (n 2 + No. 12). 4) Two hundred and ninety-three patients (29.0%) with cancer invasion to the muscle layer or serosa and limited to lower third of the stomach or to its extension, had lymph nodes metastases in compartment III (n3). 5) Consequent to observations on the regional lymph flow of the stomach by CH40, we now perform paraaortic lymph node dissection, when gastric cancer patients with serosal invasion have metastases lymph nodes No. 2, 7, 8a, 9, 11, 12 or No. 14V.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[Metabolite of 15-p-iodophenyl-3(R,S)-pentadecanoic acid (123I) in blood and urine].

We analyzed metabolites of 123I-BMIPP in blood and urine using rats, rabbits and human, while human samples were obtained from normal volunteers of Phase I clinical study. We estimated metabolic pathway of 123I-BMIPP as a myocardial metabolic imaging agent. Radioactivity accumulated in heart after administration gradually decreased and was mainly excreted to bladder via kidneys. The main radioactive component in blood was 123I-PIPA for any species and the urinary components were metabolic conjugates of 123I-PIPA. As results of these studies, we considered that 123I-BMIPP was metabolized to 123I-PIPA by alpha-oxidation process for the first step, follow by beta-oxidation process, then 123I-PIPA was released to blood from tissues. Moreover, 123I-PIPA in blood was conjugated with other compounds and excreted to the bladder.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Cancer chemotherapy for lymph nodal metastases using activated carbon particles adsorbing methotrexate].

A new dosage format (MTX-CH) of methotrexate (MTX) comprises MTX adsorbed onto fine activated carbon particles which has strong affinity to lymphatics. MTX-CH was tested for its therapeutic effects on lymph node metastases in mice experimental model. It is known that metastases have been established in the regional lymph nodes of all mice 7 days after subcutaneous inoculation with P388 leukemia cells at 5 x 10(5) cells/mouse in left hind foot pad, and that assay mice survival time becomes short in proportion to log [P388 cell number inoculated intraperitoneally]. Therefore, drug treatment was carried out on day 7, and the regional nodes were extirpated and transferred intraperitoneally to assay mice on day 10. The survival time of mice to whom transferred were the nodes of mice treated with MTX-CH was significantly longer compared with those treated with MTX aqueous solution.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Intra-lymph nodal injection of OK-432 for treatment of lymph node metastasis].

MH134 (5 x 10(5) in 0.1 ml of normal saline) was inoculated subcutaneously into the hind foot pad of C3H/He mice. The mice were divided into three groups on day 11 after inoculation. Each mouse in the first group (n = 12) received an intra-lymph nodal injection of 5KE of OK-432 in 0.1 ml of normal saline (OK-432 ILN group). The second group (n = 12) underwent subcutaneous injection of OK-432 (of the same dose) into the back (OK-432 SC group). The last group received no OK-432 (untreated group). Three hours after treatment the left popliteal lymph node was excised and the left hind foot at the knee joint was removed in each mouse. The mice were then observed for 90 days after treatment. Mice that died underwent autopsy and the left popliteal, inguinal, lumbar and suprarenal lymph nodes were excised for weighing. The survival rates were 10/12 for the OK-432 ILN group, 2/12 for the OK-432 SC group and 2/12 for the untreated group. The differences between the survival rate of the OK-432 ILN group and those of the other two groups were statistically significant (p less than 0.001). The lymph nodes were heavier in the OK-432 SC group and the untreated group than in the OK-432 ILN group. We concluded that intra-lymph nodal injection of OK-432 is very effective for treating lymph node metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Recurrence and survival rate of advanced gastric cancer after preoperative cisplatin intra-arterial injection therapy].

In our department, curative operations were performed for 49 patients with resectable advanced gastric cancer from Jan. 1988 to Feb. 1990. Among these patients, preoperative intra-arterial therapy using cisplatin (40 or 60 mg) was done for 17 patients. In this report, recurrence and survival rate of these patients were investigated. Survival rate of patients with preoperative intra-arterial injection therapy 42 months after operation was 56.15%, while that of patients without preoperative intra-arterial injection therapy was 56.62%. There were no significant differences between these two groups. And two peritoneal disseminations and one brain metastasis were seen in patients with preoperative intra-arterial injection therapy (recurrence rate, 17.6%), but no liver metastasis and local recurrence were noted. Seven recurrences were observed in patients without pre-operative intra-arterial CDDP injection therapy (local 3, liver 3, peritoneal dissemination 1, recurrence rate, 21.2%). We have already reported that much platinum accumulated in gastric cancer tissue and regional lymph nodes. This high accumulation of cisplatin can be the reason why no local recurrence was seen in patients with preoperative intra-arterial injection therapy. In conclusion, preoperative intra-arterial injection therapy using cisplatin may be an effective method to prevent postoperative local recurrence of resectable advanced gastric cancer.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of ulinastatin on endotoxin shock in dogs].

The therapeutic effect of ulinastatin, an inhibitor of the protease activity, on endotoxin shock was evaluated using 17 Beagle dogs. Single intravenous injection of ulinastatin at a dose of 5,000 or 25,000 U.kg-1 failed to suppress the endotoxin-induced circulatory disturbance but significantly inhibited increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance that occur early following administration of endotoxin. Elevation of PGI2, TXA2 and LTB4 by endotoxin shock was significantly inhibited by administration of 25,000 U.kg-1 of ulinastatin. Elevation of the granulocytic elastase activity was inhibited dose-dependently by administration of ulinastatin. The above results indicate that ulinastatin may be a promising drug for the treatment of endotoxin shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of intralymph-nodal etoposide on distal lymph node metastases using a new dosage format--activated carbon particles adsorbing etoposide.

Small activated carbon particles adsorbing etoposide were injected into the proximal lymph nodes of mice and tested for therapeutic effect on distal lymph node metastases. Eight days after s.c. inoculation of 5 x 10(5) P388 leukemia cells in the left hind foot pad of mice, when metastases had been established in the secondary draining lymph nodes (lower paraaortic nodes), etoposide (5 mg/kg) was injected into the primary draining node (left popliteal node) in the form of activated carbon particles adsorbing etoposide (ETOP-CH group) or etoposide aqueous solution. After drug administration, the primary lesion was removed so that lymph node metastases were not affected by the primary lesion. Two days after drug administration, the secondary draining nodes were extirpated, and the P388 leukemia cell number in these nodes was estimated by an i.p. transference method. The estimated number of P388 leukemia cells in the lymph nodes in the ETOP-CH group was statistically significantly (by Student's t-test, P less than 0.05-0.005) less than the number of P388 leukemia cells in the other treatment groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study of drug accumulation in gastric cancer after preoperative intra-arterial EAP II injection therapy].

Preoperative intra-arterial injection therapy using etoposide, epirubicin and carboplatin (EAP II) was done for patients with resectable advanced gastric cancer. Twenty-six patients (14 males and 12 females) were treated. The concentrations of adriamycin (ADM) and platinum (Pt) were measured in cancer tissue, normal mucosa and regional lymph-nodes which were obtained operatively and in sera just before operation. But the concentration of etoposide was not measured, because when we used preoperative intra-arterial injection therapy using etoposide, epirubicin and cisplatin (EAP I), the mean concentration of etoposide was less than the detectable limit in all tissues and in sera. There were no significant differences among the mean concentrations of ADM in all tissues and in sera. And the mean concentration of ADM in cancer tissue was not higher than that of intra-arterial EAP I injection therapy. The mean concentration of platinum in sera was significantly lower than in cancer tissues, normal mucosa and lymph-nodes. And the mean concentrations of platinum in cancer tissues and lymph-nodes were higher than those of intra-arterial CDDP or EAP I injection therapy. It was concluded that preoperative intra-arterial EAP II injection therapy may be an effective method to improve the usefulness of preoperative intra-arterial injection therapy for gastric cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

[Immunohistochemical study on the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in human colorectal carcinomas].

The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was studied immunohistochemically in 92 colorectal carcinomas: 21 early and 71 advanced. EGFR immunoreactivity was detected in 15 cases (16.3%) of colorectal carcinomas. All EGFR-positive cases was advanced carcinomas, while no EGFR immunoreactivity was found in early carcinomas. EGFR-positive cases were macroscopically 3.4 type and more than 2 cm in diameter. No significant correlation of EGFR expression with tumor location, stage, lymph node metastasis, degree of differentiation, and prognosis was found. All EGFR-positive cases was synchronous positive for the expression of EGF. These results suggest that EGFR may play an important role in tumor progression in cooperation with EGF.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Analysis of subsets of colonic mucosal lymphocyte in ulcerative colitis by two color flow cytometry].

To assess how the immunological events occur in the colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis, it is thought to be important to evaluate the subpopulations and/or subsets of mucosal lymphocytes. In this point of view, we assayed those by lymphocyte isolation techniques and two color flow cytometry. Although our results showed no disease-specific abnormalities of the percentages of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, and HLA-DR (+) cells in PBL (peripheral blood lymphocyte) nor CML (colonic mucosal lymphocyte), these subsets of CML appeared to be altered according to the grade of severity of inflammation. In our cases, the HLA-DR (+) cell and CD4 population were larger in severely inflamed mucosa. Furthermore, fluorescence intensities of HLA-DR antigen of CD20 population in CML were greater than those in PBL. These results suggest that the B cell-mediated mechanisms may play an important role in maintaining the severe inflammation, and the clinical significance of these studies are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of proliferative cells in colorectal carcinomas and adenomas by monoclonal antibody to DNA polymerase alpha].

DNA polymerase alpha is an endogenous DNA replication enzyme expressed in all cells in a proliferation cycle. An immunoperoxidase method and the monoclonal antibody to DNA polymerase alpha were used to identify proliferating cells in colorectal carcinomas (n = 35) and adenomas (n = 43). The labeling index (L.I.) in colorectal carcinomas was 51.6%, being significantly higher than 28.6% in adenomas. The L.I. in colorectal carcinomas correlated with clinical staging (stage I: 33.1%, stage II and III: 49.5%, stage IV and V: 66.9%). Furthermore, the L.I. had a tendency to elevate as carcinoma deeply invaded (pm: 25.8%, ss-s or a1-a2: 52.2%, si or ai: 67.5%). The L.I. in adenoma was related to the degree of atypia. The L.I. in adenomas with mild atypia, with moderate atypia, and cancer in adenoma were 18.3%, 31.5%, and 47.0%, respectively. And the L.I. of cancer in adenoma had no significant difference in advanced carcinomas (47.0% vs 51.6%). These results suggest that the L.I. is useful as a marker for evaluating the degree of biological malignancy of human colorectal carcinomas and the degree of histopathological atypia of adenomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗