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Biomedical subjects

S Patton

Publications and source records attributed to S Patton.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Risk factors associated with transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to sows kept in different management systems in Tennessee.

Of 3841 serum samples from sows received from the Tennessee State Diagnostic Laboratory in 1991-1992, 1130 were positive for Toxoplasma gondii antibody. The total number of farms sampled was 343. The observed seroprevalence was 36% for both years. A questionnaire that dealt with herd management practices was mailed to 303 of the swine farms that were sampled; 107 (35%) responses were returned and analyzed. There was no significant difference in the seroprevalence of T. gondii in the sows on the farms of respondents and non-respondents. From the analysis of the questionnaire, sows associated with cats were 2.6 times more likely to be seropositive for T. gondii than sows that were not associated with cats. Sows kept outdoors at any time were 23 times more likely to be seropositive than sows that were kept indoors. Sows on small farms (< 29 sows) were 4.5 times more likely to be seropositive than sows on large farms (> 29 sows).

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1995

Polymorphic forms of the epithelial mucin, PAS-I (MUC1), in milk of Holstein cows (Bos taurus).

The polymorphic epithelial mucin, PAS-I (also known as MUC1), in individual milk samples from 119 Holstein cows was resolved into bands on SDS-gels. Mobility indices established for these bands provided evidence of four and possibly five polymorphic forms. Sialic acid, a major component of the oligosaccharide portion of PAS-I, was removed from the mucin by treatment of milk samples with neurominidase. This reduced the mobility of the mucin bands but did not alter their mobility relationships within a sample or among samples. Consideration of evidence from this and other studies indicates that the four or five polymorphic forms correspond to alleles, which are inherited, one each from sire and dam, and co-dominantly expressed. It appears that the Holstein population may carry several more alleles for PAS-I than do Ayrshire, Jersey or Brown Swiss cattle. In addition to these breed differences, some remarkable molecular differences have been noted between MUC1 (PAS-I) of human and mouse suggesting that research regarding molecular evolution of this mucin could provide another approach to understanding relationships among species.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Associations of the epithelial mucin, PAS-1, with yield, health, and reproductive traits in Holstein dairy cows.

Five polymorphic forms of the epithelial mucin, PAS-1, were identified in milk by SDS-PAGE. The sizes of PAS-1 ranged from 194.5 to 163 kDa. Mature equivalent milk, fat, and protein yields and protein and fat percentages from 139 cows in The Pennsylvania State University herd were analyzed with two models. Both models contained a year and season combination of calving and parent average. In Model [1], yields were regressed on the mean size of PAS-1 either linearly or linearly and quadratically. Model [2] included PAS-2 phenotype as a discrete variable. Lactation mean of somatic cell scores (119 cows), number of times bred (136 cows), and days open (136 cows) were analyzed with the same two models excluding parent average (data not available). Mean size of PAS-1 was not linearly related to the traits evaluated. The effects of PAS-1 phenotypes as a discrete variable were significant for mature equivalent fat and protein yields, fat percentage, number of times bred, number of times bred restricted to 3, and days open restricted to 150 d. Overall, there was little indication of an important linear or quadratic relationship between PAS-1 size and traits measured.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Empowering women: improving a community's health.

Community Health Aides (volunteers) were trained to become health resource persons in their own community. The curriculum for the training sessions was modeled after the Camp Health Aide Program, which is based on the belief that with information and support, migrant farmworkers can make changes in their lives and environment to improve their health and the community's health.

Arkansas↗
PubMed1994

Cloning of PBDX, an MIC2-related gene that spans the pseudoautosomal boundary on chromosome Xp.

The pseudoautosomal boundaries are the interface between pseudoautosomal and sex chromosome-specific DNA sequences. We have isolated a gene, PBDX, from the human pseudoautosomal boundary region of Xp. The three exons at the 5' end of PBDX are situated in the pseudoautosomal region immediately downstream of MIC2, whereas the other seven exons are in the X-specific region. Hence, PBDX is inherited in two modes: its 5' end is pseudoautosomally inherited and its 3' end is X-linked. The predicted amino acid sequence of the 540 bp coding region is 48% homologous to 12E7, the product of MIC2. By virtue of its position, PBDX becomes an excellent candidate for the XG blood group gene.

12E7 Antigen↗
PubMed1994

Detection of large fragments of the human milk mucin MUC-1 in feces of breast-fed infants.

Evidence is growing that high-molecular-weight glycoproteins (mucins) of human milk bind to certain pathogenic microorganisms and thus could interfere with their colonization of the infant gut. This investigation sought to determine whether one of the two principal milk mucins, MUC-1 (also known as PAS-0 and episialin), persists into the feces. Fecal samples from seven breast-fed and seven formula-fed infants, aged from 20 days to 6 months, were analyzed. Glycoproteins in the specimens, solubilized with sodium dodecylsulfate, mercaptoethanol, and heat, were resolved by gel electrophoresis. The gels were blotted on nitrocellulose sheets that were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies specific for epitopes in the tandem repeat region of MUC-1. Mucin fragments of approximately 200,000 MW were detected in specimens from three of the seven breast-fed subjects; only one of them showed evidence of the intact mucin. Four breast-fed and all seven formula-fed babies were negative for the mucin in their stools. While these results provide evidence of a variable degree of breakdown, we speculate that MUC-1 resists degradation in the gut and thus may help bind host-detrimental microorganisms and inhibit their colonizing and infecting actions.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Parasites of wild felidae in Thailand: a coprological survey.

Ninety-two fecal samples were collected from leopards (Panthera pardus, n = 54), tigers (P. tigris, n = 19), and leopard cats (Felis bengalensis, n = 3) in Huai Kha Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand; four samples that may have come from clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa) or Asian golden cats (Felis temminicki) were identified as from small to medium cats. Twelve samples were identified as from large cats. Samples preserved in 10% formalin were examined for parasite eggs, larvae, cysts, and oocysts by centrifugal sugar flotation and sedimentation techniques. Ninety-six percent of all samples were positive, including 94% of the leopard, all of the tiger, clouded leopard, golden cat, and leopard cat samples. Diagnostic stages were identified from Paragonimus sp., Echinostomatidae, Dicrocoeliidae, Pseudophyllidea, Taeniidae, Mesocestoides sp., Hymenolepididae, Acanthocephala, Spiruroidea, Gnathostoma sp., Molineus sp., Ancylostomoidea, Mammomonogamus sp., Toxocara sp., Toxascaris sp., Metastrongyloidea, Capillaria spp., Isospora sp., Toxoplasma-like, Sarcocystis spp., and Giardia sp.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Diffusion of nitric oxide in the aorta wall monitored in situ by porphyrinic microsensors.

Porphyrinic sensors were used for the in situ monitoring of nitric oxide release and diffusion in the endothelial cell, as well as its subsequent diffusion from the endothelial cell through the muscle cells found in the rabbit aorta. The experimental data was compared with that predicted based on Fick's equation for linear diffusion. A time delay of 1.5 s between prediction and experimental concentration of NO due to its chemical reactions was observed at the distance of 100 microns from endothelial cell. About 37% of the NO produced is consumed in chemical reactions in the aorta.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pulmonary arterial changes in feline dirofilariasis.

Eleven cats with spontaneous dirofilariasis were necropsied; ten were domestic shorthairs and one was a Persian. The cats ranged in age from 1 to 10 years, and 6/11 cats were male. One to three heartworms were present in the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries of each of the 11 cats. Patchy areas of rugose thickening of the intima of the pulmonary trunk and marked villous endarteritis of lobar and medium-sized pulmonary arteries were observed. Affected larger vessels were partially occluded by large villous intimal proliferations that were lined by hyperplastic endothelial cells supported by connective tissue stroma. Moderate to marked infiltration of eosinophils and mononuclear inflammatory cells was consistently observed in the intima of affected larger pulmonary arteries. Thrombosis of pulmonary arteries was seen in five cats. Medial hypertrophy, mild intimal proliferative changes, and focal infiltrations of leukocytes were seen in small pulmonary arteries. Lesions indicative of right-sided heart failure consisting of right ventricular dilation and chronic passive congestion of the liver were observed in four cats.

Animals↗