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Biomedical subjects

S Rössner

Publications and source records attributed to S Rössner.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The Christmas factor in obesity therapy.

The effect of Christmas time on body weight development was measured in 46 obese patients in maintenance therapy at the Obesity Unit of the Karolinska Hospital and in 76 hospital staff controls of similar sex and age distribution. In controls a statistically significant weight increase of 0.4 +/- 0.8 (s.d.) kg (P < 0.001) was found, whereas the mean increase in the obese patients of 0.6 +/- 2.4 kg was not statistically significant. Little variation in weight development over Christmas was found in controls, whereas the weight change in the obese group ranged from +6.1 to -8.8 kg over the 2-3 weeks. Seasonal variation in body weight has been attributed to circadian rhythms. Cultural food habits may also play a role.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Decreased dopaminergic control of prolactin secretion in male obesity: normalization by fasting.

To test whether short-term fasting has a different effect on hormone release from lactotrophs and thyrotrophs in normal-weight men compared with obese men, 10 mg metoclopramide (MET) was administered orally to seven normal and six obese men before and after a 56-hour fast. In the normal subjects, MET raised the serum prolactin (PRL) level before fasting from 5.1 +/- 1.3 to 58.6 +/- 9.5 micrograms/L in 60 minutes (P less than .02), but left the thyrotropin (TSH) level unaffected. An almost identical hormone response was seen after fasting. Obese men responded differently. Their lactotrophs were initially refractory to MET stimulation (PRL increase from 9.5 +/- 5.1 to 17.5 +/- 5.7 micrograms/L, NS), but became sensitive to such stimulation after fasting (PRL increase from 8.2 +/- 4.5 to 46.3 +/- 6.7 micrograms/L, P less than .01). The thyrotrophs were unaffected by MET before, as well as after, the fast. Although decreased PRL synthesis, reduced cell membrane permeability, and inadequate MET stimulation are plausible mechanisms by which the reduced PRL responsiveness to MET could be explained in the obese patients, neither is likely in view of the fact that the lactotrophs responded promptly to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), administered intravenously (IV) 60 minutes after MET, in the fed obese patients (PRL increase after TRH from 17.5 +/- 5.7 to a maximum of 48.0 +/- 8.7 micrograms/L, P less than .05). Furthermore, a 50% reduction of the MET dose (5 mg) resulted in a significant PRL response in non-obese healthy men (PRL increase from 3.1 +/- 1.1 to 40.3 +/- 0.9 micrograms/L, P less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Effect of intraperitoneal fluid volume changes on esophageal pressures: studies in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Esophageal manometric studies were performed in 11 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with the dialysis fluid in the peritoneal cavity, after emptying and again after reinfusion. No systematic changes were found in intragastric or lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressures at any time. No differences in mean distal esophageal amplitude (DEA), duration, or velocity of peristalsis were noted. Although upper gastrointestinal problems are common in CAPD patients and were reported by eight of 11 patients, this study suggests that these symptoms cannot be explained by changes in gastric and esophageal pressures.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Nocturnal melatonin secretion in thyroid disease and in obesity.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to investigate whether the function of the pinealocytes is changed in patients with disturbed metabolic rate or in subjects with marked obesity. DESIGN: Venous blood was sampled every second hour between 1800 and 0800 h, and urine collected between 2200 and 0700 h. PATIENTS: Eight patients with thyrotoxicosis, six with primary hypothyroidism, eight with maturity-onset obesity, and 12 healthy controls were included in the study. MEASUREMENTS: Peak serum melatonin values during the night, total nocturnal melatonin secretion (estimated by melatonin incremental areas), and urinary excretion of melatonin were determined in each participant. RESULTS: Patients with hypothyroidism were found to have higher peak serum melatonin values, total nocturnal melatonin secretion, and urinary excretion of melatonin than normal individuals (Peak melatonin values: 0.55 +/- 0.13 vs 0.27 +/- 0.04 nmol/l, respectively; P less than 0.05. Melatonin incremental areas: 3.38 +/- 0.80 vs 1.45 +/- 0.26 nmol/l h; P less than 0.05. Melatonin excretion: 0.140 +/- 0.023 vs 0.081 +/- 0.013 nmol/9 h; P less than 0.05). Neither of these values differed significantly from the normal in patients with thyrotoxicosis or obesity. Although thyrotoxic patients thus released a normal amount of melatonin during the night, their melatonin secretion peak was phase advanced (melatonin secretion peak appearing at 1.1 +/- 0.5 h in thyrotoxic, and at 3.4 +/- 0.5 h in normal participants; P less than 0.01). No such phase shifts were seen in patients with obesity or hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS: These findings imply that both hypothyroid and thyrotoxic patients have disturbed pineal function, which is not the case in patients with obesity. The mechanism underlying these observations remains to be elucidated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The sleep apnoea syndrome in obesity: risk of sudden death.

A total of 34 severely obese men with a history of heavy snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness indicative of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) were studied prospectively. Their mean age was 46 years, and mean body mass index was 41.6 kg m-2. During a 4-year follow-up, 15% (5/34) of these subjects died (three cases of acute myocardial infarction and two cases of pulmonary oedema), all of them suddenly and unexpectedly, outside hospital. On autopsy the degree of atherosclerosis was found to be moderate in all cases. In 68% (15/22) of the men a pathological apnoea index (mean value 46 +/- 20) confirmed the OSAS diagnosis. Exercise tests and neurological examinations did not reveal any other causes of daytime sleepiness. Mean blood pressure at rest and during exercise was normal, and mean serum lipid and blood glucose levels were normal. Spirometry revealed intrapulmonary restrictive changes that could not be attributed to the heavy thoracic wall. Compliance was reduced to about 50% of reference values, and the mean pCO2 level (5.8 kPa) was close to the upper reference limit. Blood tests suggested that high alcohol consumption may be an important factor contributing to OSAS. These results demonstrate that morbidly obese men with a history of OSAS have a high risk of sudden cardiovascular death, despite the absence of other conventional risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Long term propranolol treatment and changes in body weight after myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of long term propranolol treatment on body weight. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of data from a placebo controlled randomised double blind clinical trial (the beta blocker heart attack trial). PATIENTS: 3837 Men and women randomised 5-21 days after an acute myocardial infarction to treatment with placebo or propranolol for up to 40 months. Patients were followed up at annual visits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Changes in body weight. RESULTS: At the first annual visit patients treated with propranolol had gained more weight than those given placebo (mean weight gain 2.3 kg v 1.2 kg respectively, mean difference 1.2 kg (95% confidence interval 0.9 to 1.5]. These group differences remained at the second and third annual visits. The difference in weight gain could not be explained by discrepancies in the use of diuretics or in physical activity and was similar in patients of both sexes and of all ages. CONCLUSION: Long term beta blockade results in a sustained weight gain.

Double-Blind Method↗