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Biomedical subjects

S Raia

Publications and source records attributed to S Raia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 and endocrine cancers: an up-to-date review through history, current insights and future perspectives.

Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1), discovered in 1997 by Pei and Melmed, takes part in cellular replication, cell cycle control, DNA repair mechanisms, organogenesis, metabolism regulation, cellular transformation, and senescence. Its biological actions include protein-protein interactions, modulation of gene transcription, and other than intracellular and autocrine mechanisms, even paracrine activities. For the reasons mentioned above, PTTG1 stands out as a multifaceted regulator of cancer biology; it is involved in genomic and chromosomal instability, local invasiveness, neo-lymphangiogenesis, and metastatic spreading. In solid neoplasms, endocrine neoplasms, although deemed rare, have experienced a significant increase in diagnostic incidence in recent years. Endocrine cancers are still a major challenge in healthcare and research since several questions remain unanswered, even though researchers have made considerable efforts to uncover their causes. Twenty-seven years have passed since PTTG1's discovery, and several works have been published. However, only the tip of the iceberg has been unveiled. Herein, we review current knowledge of PTTG1's action in endocrine cancers, such as pituitary, thyroid, testicular, adrenal, pancreatic, and ovarian.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Systemic and hepatic hemodynamics in hepatosplenic Manson's schistosomiasis with and without propranolol.

Systemic and hepatic hemodynamics were prospectively studied in 11 patients with Manson's schistosomiasis and portal hypertension, as well as alterations resulting from the use of propranolol. It was decided that patients whose portal pressure was reduced by 30% with the use of the drug would not undergo surgery and that treatment would consist of the chronic use of propranolol, associated with sclerosis of esophageal varices. This objective was not met by any of the patients whose portal pressure was measured and the study was interrupted. Results show that patients with Manson's schistosomiasis and portal hypertension have hyperdynamic circulation, mild pulmonary hypertension, greatly increased splenic blood flow, and preservation of total hepatic blood flow. Administration of propranolol corrects hyperdynamic circulation, aggravates pulmonary hypertension, does not alter portal pressure and reduces the sectorial portal blood flows, especially of the azygos vein, with maintenance of total hepatic blood flow. These data favor the hypothesis of portal overflow in the physiopathology of portal hypertension of schistosomiasis.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1997

Apolipoprotein and lipid abnormalities in chronic liver failure.

Total serum lipids, as well as apolipoproteins A-I (apo A-I) and B (apo B), were determined in 74 patients with chronic liver failure without cholestasis and in 82 normal subjects. The VLDL, LDL and HDL lipid fractions were reduced in the liver failure group by 36%, 24% and 46%, respectively (P < 0.001). Apolipoproteins A-I and B were also reduced by 26% and 25%, respectively (P < 0.001). However, the reduction of HDL cholesterol (HDLc) was more pronounced than that of apo A-I and the HDLc:apo A-I ratio was significantly lower in the liver failure group. After separating these patients into groups with plasma albumin lower than 3.0, between 3.0 and 3.5, and higher than 3.5 g/dl, the HDLc:apo A-I ratio was proportional to plasma albumin, but the correlation was not statistically significant. When these patients were separated by the Child classification of liver function, there was a correlation between the HDLc:apo A-I ratio and liver function. The differences in the HDLc:apo A-I ratio between the Child groups B and C, and A and C were statistically significant (P < 0.05). We conclude that there is a more pronounced reduction in HDL cholesterol than in apo A-I in liver failure patients. Therefore, the HDLc:apo A-I ratio is a marker of liver function, probably because there is a decreased lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase production by the diseased liver.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1994

Portal hypertension in schistosomiasis: a long-term follow-up of a randomized trial comparing three types of surgery.

The long-term follow-up of patients with the severe form of Manson's schistosomiasis who had had elective surgical treatment for portal hypertension, in a randomized trial, was clinically evaluated. Of 94 patients, proximal splenorenal shunting was performed in 32, esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy in 32 and distal splenorenal shunting in 30. Patients were observed during a mean of 85.7 +/- 33.1 mo, excluding nine patients (9.6%) who were lost to follow-up. Recurrence of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding occurred in 24.1% of the patients, without statistical differences among the three groups, but rebleeding because of varices was more frequent after esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy. Hepatic encephalopathy was significantly higher after proximal splenorenal shunting (39.3%) when compared with distal splenorenal shunting (14.8%) and with esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy (0%). Lethality was also significantly higher after proximal splenorenal shunting (42.9%) when compared with distal splenorenal shunting (14.8%) and with esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy (7.1%). Indirect hyperbilirubinemia was absent after esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy and more frequent after distal splenorenal shunting (52%) although also present after proximal splenorenal shunting (29.6%). Esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy was demonstrated to be the best option because of the absence of encephalopathy and because of low mortality rates. Hepatic encephalopathy occurred after distal splenorenal shunting but in a lesser percentage than after proximal splenorenal shunting. The higher incidence of encephalopathy and lethality proscribes proximal splenorenal shunting in Manson'schistosomiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A simple method for controlling hemorrhage during hepatectomy.

A technique of compressing the liver parenchyma without interfering with the blood supply to the remainder of the liver during anatomic and nonanatomic resections is presented. Two grooved nylon strips fitted into each other to form an ellipse that is tightened near the resection line permits the parenchymal incision in an unhurried and practically bloodless manner.

Hemorrhage↗