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Biomedical subjects

S Roth

Publications and source records attributed to S Roth.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[The urologic spirale: a therapeutic possibility in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma].

The urological spirale used exclusively as an intraprostatic catheter without communicating with the extracorporeal space offers patients with obstructive invasive prostatic carcinoma, who are unsuitable for surgical intervention, an additional treatment. Without interfering with the function of the urethra the danger of an ascending infection caused by a foreign body and the discomfort of a foreign body can be avoided. Occasionally normal micturition can be established. This was successful in 4 out of 8 patients for 3-12 months approximately, although in 2 of the 4 patients the spirale had to be removed on account of persistent irritation and infection. In the other 2 the spirale was successful until death after approximately 12 months. Even if we do not agree with the high rate of acceptability claimed in men suffering from cancer of the prostata, the attempt to use the spirale seems justified in special circumstances.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1988

A woman's homosexual transference with a male analyst.

A woman in analysis with a male analyst developed a significant homosexual transference during the middle phase of treatment. The expression and working through of this material (in displacement) is seen as reflecting one example of the influence of gender on the psychoanalytic process. For the male analyst to utilize this transference, he must make a clear distinction between the negative oedipal phase and the preoedipal (pregenital) phase in female development.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Vesico-enteral fistulas: solutions to a diagnostic dilemma].

The diagnostic proof of vesico--enteral fistulas is necessary before proceeding to surgical treatment. The detection, however, can often be difficult because of nonspecific symptoms and unreliable uro-radiologic and endoscopic investigations. Additional and more sensitive diagnostic procedures are evaluated like computer tomography, the simple Bourne-test and a radioisotopic test.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Biochemical characterization of polypeptide components involved in neurite fasciculation and elongation.

Polypeptide components and carbohydrate linkage types of F11 antigen and G4 antigen, two chick cell-surface glycoproteins implicated in neurite fasciculation and elongation [Rathjen, F.G., Wolff, J.M., Bonhoeffer, F. and Rutishauser, U. (1987) J. Cell Biol. 104, 343-353], have been studied in comparison to mouse L1 antigen. Tryptic fingerprint analysis does not reveal any relation of the 130-kDa components of G4 or F11 antigens to each other or to neural cell-adhesion molecules. The 180/190-kDa component of G4 antigen comprises parts of the 130-kDa and 80/65-kDa components and shares a sequence corresponding to the amino terminus of the G4 130-kDa component as shown serologically with anti-peptide sera. This closely parallels the relationship found for mouse L1 antigen components. In contrast, the F11 170-kDa component is different from the F11 130-kDa component, as shown serologically and by fingerprint analysis. A combination of chemical and enzymatic deglycosylation methods reveals that while O-glycosylation cannot be detected F11 130-kDa, G4 130-kDa and L1 140-kDa components contain N-linked carbohydrates. Endoglycosidase H treatment shows that the oligosaccharides present in the G4 130-kDa component and mouse L1 are mostly of the complex type, while the F11 130-kDa component consists of two populations, one containing mainly complex-type carbohydrates and a second containing high-mannose/hybrid-type carbohydrates.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Initial adhesion of murine fibroblasts to collagen and fibronectin occurs by two mechanisms.

The adhesion of Balb/c 3T12 cells to fibronectin (FN) and to denatured (DC) or native (NC) collagen is differentially sensitive to divalent cations and to sodium azide. Short-time adhesion (10 min) to FN requires either Mg2+ or Mn2+, whereas only Mn2+ stimulates attachment to DC and NC. Azide treatment only slightly affects adhesion of cells to FN, but strongly inhibits cell attachment to DC and NC. Attachment to any of these substrata is unaffected by monensin and by treatment of the cells with an intracellular fraction, making unlikely the possibility that molecules released by secretion or cell lysis participate in the adhesive process. Soluble collagen inhibits the adhesion of cells to DC and NC, but does not affect adhesion to FN. Finally, rabbit antiserum against collagen binding proteins inhibits cell attachment to NC and DC; the cells, however, attach normally to FN in presence of this antiserum. Taken together, our results support the view that 3T12 cells attach directly to native or denatured collagens and that FN is not required for this process.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Safe use of induced hypotension in a patient with cirrhotic liver disease.

Induced hypotension was used in a patient with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis presenting for clipping of an intracranial aneurysm. A mean arterial pressure of 50 mmHg was produced with a combination of sodium nitroprusside and labetalol. The patient sustained no postoperative changes in hepatic function. Previous studies have examined the effects of induced hypotension on the function of the normal liver, but there is relatively little information available on its effects in the presence of liver disease. The lack of an adverse outcome in this patient does not prove the safety of this technique in patients with liver disease; further studies of this patient group are required.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Regulation of T-cell functions by L-lactate.

Lactate is a product of glycolytically active macrophages. After stimulation with concanavalin A accessory cell-depleted splenic T-cell populations were found to produce only minute amounts of T-cell growth factor (TCGF); but substantial amounts of TCGF were produced if the cultures were supplemented either with splenic adherent cells or with lactate but not with interleukin-1 (IL-1). IL-1 was capable, however, of supporting TCGF production by the thymoma subline EL4-6.1. TCGF production in cultures of accessory cell-depleted splenic T-cell populations was demonstrable with 10(-3) M L-lactate, and optimal responses (plateau level) were obtained with 4-6 X 10(-2) M L-lactate. Cultures of macrophages were found to accumulate up to 5 X 10(-2) M lactate. Our experiments indicate, therefore, that lactate serves as a regulatory signal by which macrophage-like accessory cells enhance helper-T-cell functions. Lactate is apparently not the only mediator of accessory cell function since plateau levels of TCGF production were markedly lower with lactate than with splenic accessory cells; but L-lactate was found also to determine the magnitude of T-cell-mediated immune responses in vivo and in cultures of unfractionated lymphocyte populations. The production of interferon in accessory cell-depleted and concanavalin A-treated T-cell cultures, however, was not significantly affected by lactate. Concanavalin A-stimulated splenic T-cell populations were found to consume glucose rapidly and to release lactate into the supernatant. This indicates that the cells contain more lactate and pyruvate than they can utilize by their respiratory metabolism. The administration of external lactate or pyruvate was found to inhibit the utilization of glucose by the mitogenically stimulated T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Regulation of T-cell activation and T-cell growth factor (TCGF) production by hydrogen peroxide.

Activated macrophages are known to release a variety of immunoregulatory substances including the low-molecular-weight substances hydrogen peroxide and lactate. We report here that lactate but not hydrogen peroxide is capable of supporting a substantial production of T-cell growth factor (TCGF) in cultures of accessory cell-depleted splenic T-cell populations after stimulation with concanavalin A. Hydrogen peroxide and its biosynthetic precursor superoxide anion (O2-) mediate, however, a strong augmentation of the TCGF production by accessory cell-depleted T-cell populations in the presence of lactate. Lactate inhibits the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in short-term cultures (18-26 hr) of accessory cell-depleted T cells. This confirms the rule that (optimal) production of T-cell growth factor requires a growth inhibitory signal. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide which augment TCGF production most effectively (i.e., 1 X 10(-5) M) do not inhibit the incorporation of [3H]thymidine; and higher concentrations (3 X 10(-5)-1 X 10(-4) M) of hydrogen peroxide inhibit both the production of TCGF and the incorporation of [3H]thymidine. In agreement with the augmenting effect of hydrogen peroxide on TCGF production, it was observed that the proliferative response in mixed lymphocyte cultures is suppressed by catalase and augmented by 1 X 10(-5) M H2O2. Proliferative and cytotoxic responses in mixed lymphocyte cultures with an external source of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in contrast, are not augmented by 1 X 10(-5) M H2O2. The relatively high concentration of 1 X 10(-4) M hydrogen peroxide was found to inhibit the proliferative responses in mixed lymphocyte cultures with or without external IL-2 but not the cytotoxic response in the presence of IL-2. This indicates that CTL precursor cells may be relatively resistant against H2O2.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Use of a monoclonal antibody (VM-2) plus the immunogold-silver technique to stain basal cell carcinoma cells.

A newly described murine monoclonal antibody, VM-2, stains both basal cell carcinoma cells and squamous cell carcinoma cells of the skin. We have combined this monoclonal antibody with a newly described technique, the immunogold-silver stain, to produce a method for rapid characterization of basal cell carcinoma cells. This method does not require the use of a fluorescence microscope and gives a very intense stain of the tumor cells. Tumor-containing tissue from 12 patients was stained and included 2 cases of morphealike basal cell carcinoma. All the tumors stained with VM-2 gold. Thus, staining with this technique may be helpful in diagnosing tumors of epithelial origin and may also find application in delineating residual tumor cells in microscopically controlled excision.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Family functioning and functional independence in spinal cord injury adjustment.

The relationships among functional independence, perceived family functioning and duration of disability were studied in 41 non-institutionalised post-traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) families. Correlational analyses revealed that SCI subjects with greater self initiation of activities, increased social involvement and higher overall level of independence perceived their family environment as affectively responsive, open in communication and clear in delineation of role responsibilities. The 'significant other's' (A 'significant other' is designated by the SCI subject as 'the one most involved with you'. The 'significant other' had to be living with or within 25 miles of the SCI subject and in contact at least 3 times a week.) view of the family was unrelated to SCI function. Conversely, for the significant other but not the SCI subject, greater duration of disability predicted more concern for the family's ability to problem solve, delineate roles and maintain standards of behaviour control. Of the functional areas measured, only participation in outside activities increased significantly over time. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of considering the long-term and separate rehabilitation needs of the individual with a SCI and his or her family.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

Coping with cancer.

This study examined coping strategies in head and neck cancer patients. The relationships between the use of approach and avoidant coping strategies and the physical and emotional distress of 35 newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients during the early stages of cancer treatment were evaluated. Patients were categorized on the basis of coping strategy at the time of diagnosis and then evaluated twice during the course of their treatment at four- to six-week intervals. Cancer patients who predominantly employed either approach or avoidant strategies had lower initial levels of emotional distress than patients who did not use either of these strategies. Although symptoms of distress decreased in patients using approach or avoidance, symptoms increased for those patients who did not use these strategies. The level of stress for this cancer population is highest at the point of confirmed diagnosis and recedes during the course of treatment. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

[Chickenpox and pregnancy. Perinatal aspects and prevention].

Five neonates born to women who had had varicella late in pregnancy or in the post-partum were admitted to our unit during the last year. In utero transmission of varicella-zoster virus occurred in 2 cases. One of them had no clinical eruption but specific IgM at a titer of 1/200. The mother presented with varicella 15 days before delivery. The other developed severe neonatal congenital varicella (with disseminated eruption, pneumonia and seizures). She was treated by Aciclovir (15 mg/kg/8 h). The mother presented with chickenpox 24 hours after birth. Varicella occurring in a pregnant woman from 4 days before to 2 days after delivery is dangerous because the baby will lack maternal antibodies. It may develop severe neonatal varicella (mortality: 20-30%). A neonate in critical condition was successfully given a prophylactic treatment by Aciclovir IV (15 mg/kg/8 h for 5 days) and varicella-zona immunoglobulins (2 ml on days 1, 2, 3). This approach may be the best treatment for babies at risk for severe neonatal varicella.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed1986

[Ultrasound-guided fine-needle puncture in the diagnosis and therapy of liver and spleen abscesses].

A total of 41 diagnostic and therapeutic fine-needle aspiration punctures were performed under ultrasound control in 28 patients with solitary or multiple abscesses of liver (26) or spleen (2). Nonoperative measures (drainage-fine needle puncture, local and systemic antibiotics) cured 19 patients; in nine, primary surgical abscess drainage was performed. One operated patient with multiple liver abscesses died of generalized sepsis (mortality rate 3.6%). All 14 hepatic or splenic abscesses in which percutaneous fine-needle drainage was performed, including local and systemic antibiotic administration, were treated successfully. In two of 41 fine-needle aspiration punctures bleeding complications were recorded but did not require any treatment. The method was reliable and effective in the definitive diagnosis and treatment of hepatic and splenic abscesses, with a lower complication and mortality rate than surgical drainage.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

A multicenter study of hospitalization in rheumatoid arthritis. Frequency, medical-surgical admissions, and charges.

During 1981, 123 of 816 patients (15.1%) with rheumatoid arthritis were hospitalized 160 times because of the disease. The mean length of hospitalization was 13.1 days, and the cost $7,845. Surgery accounted for 54.4% of admissions, but 69.2% of costs. The average cost for total joint surgery was $12,287. Most medical admissions (46.6%) were for the diagnosis or treatment of articular disease, but 42.5% were for treatment of side effects of therapy, and 11.0% for complications of RA. The most commonly performed surgical procedures included reconstructive surgery of the hand/wrist (n = 35) and foot (n = 22), followed by total knee replacement (n = 18).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Several galactosyltransferase activities are associated with mouse chromosome 17.

Indirect evidence suggests that some major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are glycosyltransferases. No sequence or mapping information is available for transferases, although ganglioside variations in mice are linked to the H-2 complex on chromosome 17, and one galactosyltransferase activity on mouse sperm varies with T/t complex genotypes, also on chromosome 17. In the present experiments, diploid and trisomy 17 mouse embryos were assayed for four different galactosyltransferase activities. The same preparations were assayed for isocitrate dehydrogenase (Id-1, chromosome 1) and glyoxalase-1 (Glo-1, chromosome 17). Galactosyltransferase specific activities in trisomy 17 embryos are almost 1.5 times higher than in diploid embryos. The correlation between galactosyltransferase activities and chromosome 17 dosage indicates that the structural or regulatory gene for these enzymes are located on chromosome 17.

Animals↗