Resistance to pancuronium in patients receiving carbamazepine.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
S Roth
Publications and source records attributed to S Roth.
[Chickenpox and pregnancy. Perinatal aspects and prevention].
Five neonates born to women who had had varicella late in pregnancy or in the post-partum were admitted to our unit during the last year. In utero transmission of varicella-zoster virus occurred in 2 cases. One of them had no clinical eruption but specific IgM at a titer of 1/200. The mother presented with varicella 15 days before delivery. The other developed severe neonatal congenital varicella (with disseminated eruption, pneumonia and seizures). She was treated by Aciclovir (15 mg/kg/8 h). The mother presented with chickenpox 24 hours after birth. Varicella occurring in a pregnant woman from 4 days before to 2 days after delivery is dangerous because the baby will lack maternal antibodies. It may develop severe neonatal varicella (mortality: 20-30%). A neonate in critical condition was successfully given a prophylactic treatment by Aciclovir IV (15 mg/kg/8 h for 5 days) and varicella-zona immunoglobulins (2 ml on days 1, 2, 3). This approach may be the best treatment for babies at risk for severe neonatal varicella.
Chickenpox↗
[Ultrasound-guided fine-needle puncture in the diagnosis and therapy of liver and spleen abscesses].
A total of 41 diagnostic and therapeutic fine-needle aspiration punctures were performed under ultrasound control in 28 patients with solitary or multiple abscesses of liver (26) or spleen (2). Nonoperative measures (drainage-fine needle puncture, local and systemic antibiotics) cured 19 patients; in nine, primary surgical abscess drainage was performed. One operated patient with multiple liver abscesses died of generalized sepsis (mortality rate 3.6%). All 14 hepatic or splenic abscesses in which percutaneous fine-needle drainage was performed, including local and systemic antibiotic administration, were treated successfully. In two of 41 fine-needle aspiration punctures bleeding complications were recorded but did not require any treatment. The method was reliable and effective in the definitive diagnosis and treatment of hepatic and splenic abscesses, with a lower complication and mortality rate than surgical drainage.
Abscess↗
A multicenter study of hospitalization in rheumatoid arthritis. Frequency, medical-surgical admissions, and charges.
During 1981, 123 of 816 patients (15.1%) with rheumatoid arthritis were hospitalized 160 times because of the disease. The mean length of hospitalization was 13.1 days, and the cost $7,845. Surgery accounted for 54.4% of admissions, but 69.2% of costs. The average cost for total joint surgery was $12,287. Most medical admissions (46.6%) were for the diagnosis or treatment of articular disease, but 42.5% were for treatment of side effects of therapy, and 11.0% for complications of RA. The most commonly performed surgical procedures included reconstructive surgery of the hand/wrist (n = 35) and foot (n = 22), followed by total knee replacement (n = 18).
Adult↗
Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Several galactosyltransferase activities are associated with mouse chromosome 17.
Indirect evidence suggests that some major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are glycosyltransferases. No sequence or mapping information is available for transferases, although ganglioside variations in mice are linked to the H-2 complex on chromosome 17, and one galactosyltransferase activity on mouse sperm varies with T/t complex genotypes, also on chromosome 17. In the present experiments, diploid and trisomy 17 mouse embryos were assayed for four different galactosyltransferase activities. The same preparations were assayed for isocitrate dehydrogenase (Id-1, chromosome 1) and glyoxalase-1 (Glo-1, chromosome 17). Galactosyltransferase specific activities in trisomy 17 embryos are almost 1.5 times higher than in diploid embryos. The correlation between galactosyltransferase activities and chromosome 17 dosage indicates that the structural or regulatory gene for these enzymes are located on chromosome 17.
Animals↗
Excessive airway pressure due to a malfunctioning anesthesia ventilator.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Anesthesiology↗
Replication of Aleutian disease virus in mink lymphocytes infected in vitro.
The kinetics of Aleutian disease virus (ADV) replication in mink lymphocytes was followed by the analysis of virus-specific antigens, infectious virus, and viral DNA. Stimulation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM; 20 micrograms/ml) increased the synthesis of ADV DNA in cultivated cells of the B-cell fraction. Maximum virus titers [10(6.5) fluorescence-forming units (FFU)/ml] were achieved after incubating infected cells for 60 h at 32 degrees. At this time, 10.4% of the cells in the B-cell-enriched fraction contained ADV-specific antigens and there was an average of 125 ADV genome equivalents per antigen-positive cell. ADV replication also was detected in T-cell-enriched fractions (with up to 10(5.3) FFU/ml, 5.3% of cells were antigen-positive, with 20 ADV genome equivalents per antigen-positive cell), but was 10 times lower compared with ADV replication in the B-cell fraction.
Aleutian Mink Disease Virus↗
Blood droplet dynamics--I.
The interpretation of bloodstain patterns at crime scenes has received increased attention in recent years. Important to an understanding of this is knowledge of the fundamentals of blood droplet formation and impact dynamics. A review of the literature reveals that a considerable amount of work has been done with aqueous drop dynamics. Workers in the forensic science area seem to have been unaware of this. In addition, some of the most important and comprehensive early work with blood droplet dynamics seems to have been forgotten. It is not cited in more recent publications dealing with bloodstain pattern interpretation. This literature is reviewed and discussed as well. The present study presents results of experiments with blood droplet dynamics and high-speed photographs of blood droplet impacts on stationary target surfaces. Some longstanding misconceptions of importance to forensic scientists engaged in crime scene reconstruction are discussed.
Blood↗
Blood droplet dynamics--II.
An earlier companion paper to the present one dealt with a literature review as well as blood droplet formation and impacts to stationary target surfaces. The present paper discusses the results of experiments with moving target surfaces. These are discussed in the context of their correlation with blood droplet impacts to inclined stationary targets and with respect to the interpretation of bloodstain patterns at crime scenes where the target surface is capable of its own movement. A special belt device was designed and constructed for the experiments reported here. This motorized apparatus was used to drive paper belt target surfaces at various controlled speeds.
Blood↗
Embryonic and adult forms of two galactosyltransferases differ in their degrees of sialylation.
Embryonic and adult chicken liver galactosyltransferases behave differently on DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. After solubilization, two embryonic activities (one transfers galactose in a beta 1-4 linkage to asialo-agalacto-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and to N-acetylglucosamine; the other transfers galactose in a beta 1-3 linkage to asialo-ovine submaxillary mucin) elute after the bulk of the protein, and after free glucose. The same two enzymes in adults elute more rapidly, almost coincident with the bulk of the protein, and before free glucose. The difference in elution patterns occurs when the column buffer contains 0.1 M NaCl. Without salt, both embryonic and adult transferases bind to the column, but with 0.5 M NaCl, the embryonic and adult transferases elute identically, and with the bulk of the protein. After treatment with neuraminidase, the embryonic transferase activities elute significantly earlier on a DEAE-Sepharose column in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl. The embryonic forms migrate more rapidly than do the adult forms on cellulose acetate electrophoresis, but neuraminidase treatment renders both enzyme forms immobile in this system. Neuraminidase treatment also inhibits the binding of the embryonic transferases to a wheat-germ-agglutinin--Sepharose column. Kinetically, the embryonic and adult transferases are indistinguishable.
Aging↗
Co-purification of galactosyltransferases from chick-embryo liver.
Two galactosyltransferases with nearly identical Mr values were purified 5000-7000-fold from microsomal membranes of chick-embryo livers by using several affinity columns. One enzyme transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to form a beta-(1----4)-linkage to GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine) or AsAgAGP [asialo-agalacto-(alpha 1-acid glycoprotein)]. The other enzyme forms a beta-(1----3)-linkage to AsOSM [asialo-(ovine submaxillary mucin)]. Both enzymes were solubilized (85%) from a microsomal pellet by using 1% Triton X-100 in 0.1 M-NaCl. The supernatant activities were subjected to DEAE-Sepharose chromatography and four affinity columns: UDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose, alpha-lactalbumin-Sepharose, GlcNAc-Sepharose and either AsAgAGP-Sepharose or AsOSM-Sepharose. The AsAgAGP enzyme [(1----4)-transferase] and the AsOSM enzyme [(1----3)-transferase] behave identically on the DEAE-Sepharose and UDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose columns, and similarly on the alpha-lactalbumin-Sepharose column. Final separation of the two enzymes, however, could only be achieved on affinity columns of their immobilized respective acceptors. Both purified enzymes migrate as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis after silver staining, and both have an apparent Mr of 68 000. The enzymes were radioiodinated and again subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Radioautographic analyses showed only one, intensely radioactive, band. Activity stains performed for both transferases after cellulose acetate electrophoresis indicate that, with this system too, both activities have identical mobilities, and co-migrate, as well, with the major, silver-stained, protein band. Kinetic studies with the purified enzymes show that the Km value for GlcNAc, for the (1----4)-transferase, is 4mM; for the (1----3)-transferase the Km value for AsOSM is 5mM, in terms of GalNAc (N-acetylgalactosamine) equivalents. Both enzymes have a Km value of 25 microM for UDP-galactose.
Animals↗
Topology of UDP-galactose cleavage in relation to N-acetyl-lactosamine formation in Golgi vesicles. Translocation of activated galactose.
UDP-galactose appears to be produced on one side of a membrane barrier, opposite the galactosyltransferases that use it as a sugar donor. The translocation of activated galactose across membranes was studied in rat submaxillary-gland microsomal vesicles and in rat liver Golgi vesicles. When these intact vesicles containing the acceptor, N-acetylglucosamine, were incubated in the presence of UDP-galactose and two inhibitors of galactosyltransferase activity, the product, N-acetyl-lactosamine, formed within the vesicles. Thus at least the galactose moiety of UDP-galactose crossed the membranes. When intact Golgi vesicles were incubated with UDP-galactose labelled in both the uridine and the galactose moieties, labelled N-acetyllactosamine was again produced in the vesicles, but less than stoichiometric amounts of the uridine label was found there. Calculation of internal and external concentrations of UMP, a major product released from the cleaved uridine moiety, showed that the vesicles were actually enriched in UMP. When free UMP was incubated with the vesicles, this enrichment did not occur. This result was direct evidence for facilitated transport of UDP-galactose into the Golgi for use by galactosyltransferase.
Amino Sugars↗
A collagen:glucosyltransferase at the surface of malignant fibroblasts.
3T12 fibroblasts possess glucosyltransferases that catalyze the transfer of glucose from UDP-Glucose to galactosylhydroxylysyl residues on collagenous acceptors. The presence of the enzyme activity at the cell surface is indicated by the following findings: a) suspensions of intact cells, as well as intact cell monolayers, glucosylate gelatinized collagen b) glucose transfer is not due to UDP-Glucose hydrolysis and subsequent intracellular utilization of the free glucose c) experiments using cell suspensions with known proportions of broken cells indicate that the glucosyltransferase activity is attributable to intact cells and not to contamination by intracellular enzymes from broken cells. The Km value for UDP-Glucose is about 20 microM. The enzyme has a pronounced requirement for manganese, and shows highest activity between 2 and 10 mM. The optimal Mn2+ concentration for the intracellular gelatin:glucosyltransferase activity is more restricted (5 to 10 mM). Glucosyltransferase activity is strongly inhibited by diamide and N-ethylmaleimide (5 mM), suggesting that intact sulfhydryl residues present in the enzyme are essential.
Animals↗
Are glycosyltransferases the evolutionary antecedents of the immunoglobulins?
The glycosyltransferases may be the evolutionary precursors of the immunoglobulins, although critical evidence for this hypothesis is not yet available. The transferases add sugars to non-glycosylated proteins, lipids, and organic molecules, as well as to oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The enzymes are specific, extremely polymorphic, occasionally inducible, and may be structurally related to one another. Circumstantial evidence links the transferases to both the MHC and T/t loci in the mouse. Finally, antibodies against purified transferases are difficult to produce and sometimes they react with immunoglobulins. The present hypothesis predicts that transferases should show some sequence homology with immunoglobulins, and that some MHC proteins will be glycosyltransferases.
Animals↗
Use of chicken cell line LSCC-H32 for titration of animal viruses and exogenous chicken interferon.
The chicken embryo cell line LSCC-H32 was tested for the propagation and titration of several animal viruses of the families Toga-, Reo-, Rhabdo-, Herpeto-, Orthomyxo-, Paramyxo-, and Poxviridae and compared with secondary chicken embryo cells. The LSCC-H32 cells were demonstrated to be as susceptible for most of the tested viruses as were secondary chicken embryo cells. Both produced comparably sized virus plaques. The titers of Sindbis and Semliki Forest viruses in LSCC-H32 cells were 5- to 40-fold higher than in secondary chicken embryo cells or BHK-21 cells, respectively. Furthermore, exogenous chicken standard interferon was titrated in the LSCC-H32 cells, and a 50% plaque titer reduction of the challenging vesicular stomatitis virus was achieved by 0.12 IU of a standard chicken interferon preparation. Endogenous chicken interferon could not be induced by treatment of the cells with polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid. Due to its high plating efficiency and metabolic activities, the LSCC-H32 cell line provides a useful cell system for the titration and large-scale production of the tested animal viruses and for the titration of exogenous chicken interferon.
Animals↗
[Radiotherapy of pancreas cancer--literature review].
Resection is the treatment of choice in organ-limited pancreatic cancer. In locally or regional, not completely resectable pancreatic cancer other therapeutic modalities are called upon: external beam radiotherapy results in relief of pain in 50% and average survival rate of about 10 months according to recent series in the literature. Loco-regional tumor control can be improved by intraoperative electrons or interstitial implantation of radioactive sources. - The combination of monochemotherapy (5-fluorouracil) and 40 Gy radiotherapy is well tolerated and tends to prolong survival also if given after curative resection.
Aged↗
[Interactions between intrathecal morphine, bupivacaine and lidocaine].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗