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Biomedical subjects

S Sacks

Publications and source records attributed to S Sacks.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Aminoglycoside usage in a university teaching hospital.

A retrospective chart review examined the use of aminoglycosides in a university teaching hospital over a six month period. The study found 273 patients received 323 courses of aminoglycoside therapy. Significant issues addressed include the frequent use of aminoglycosides as surgical prophylactic agents, the prescribing of drugs to patients at increased risk of toxicity and the infrequency of appropriate monitoring. Nephrotoxicity was noted in 7% of patients.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1986

Fracture-dislocation of the base of the fifth metacarpal associated with injury to the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve: a case report.

Traumatic neuropraxia of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve after a fracture-dislocation of the fifth metacarpal is reported. Salient anatomy is discussed and the diagnostic tests necessary to identify this lesion are described. Residual effects of the injury consisted of only a mild wasting of the first dorsal interosseous muscle. The patient had complete functional recovery 4 months after the initial injury.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1985

Evidence for the cerebral uptake in vivo from two pools of glucose and the role of glucose-6-phosphatase in removing excess substrate from brain.

We propose the following scheme for cerebral uptake and overall metabolism of glucose in vivo: that brain selects from two pools of glucose anomers in arterial blood, that it takes up excess glucose, that glucose enters the brain tissue as glucose-6-phosphate through the actions of mutarotase and hexokinase, that some glucose-6-phosphate becomes metabolized to CO2 and some becomes incorporated into brain carbon pools, and that excess glucose-6-phosphate leaves brain through glucose-6-phosphatase and mutarotase activities. This results from our observations in arterio-venous studies for the determination of cerebral metabolism in humans in vivo that the cerebral uptake of [14C]glucose often appeared to differ from that of unlabeled glucose. With rapidly falling arterial radioactivity, unlabeled glucose uptake was more than [14C]glucose. With rising arterial radioactivity, [14C]glucose extraction exceeded unlabeled glucose. Studies with [14C]glucose-6-phosphate suggested that glucose-6-phosphatase in brain removes excess substrate by dephosphorylation. However, when arterial [14C]glucose increased slowly, [14C]glucose uptake varied considerably and the data resembled human cerebral metabolism of glucose anomers. An experiment employing [13C]glucose and NMR provided further support for our proposed scheme.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Competitive inhibition by human sera of mouse monoclonal antibody binding to glycoproteins C and D of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test for human antibodies to antigenic sites on herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoproteins C and D, which are recognized by mouse monoclonal antibodies. Antibodies capable of blocking the monoclonal antibodies were detected in the human sera, and the inhibition of binding correlated with the histories of herpetic infections. The binding of monoclonal antibody to glycoprotein C of HSV type 2 was inhibited primarily by sera from patients with recurrent herpes genitalis; however, the binding of the monoclonal antibodies to gC of HSV type 1 was inhibited by sera from patients previously infected with either HSV type 1 or HSV type 2. The observations suggest that the antigenic sites defined by the mouse monoclonal antibodies are recognized by the human host.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of the cerebral uptake and metabolism of labeled glucose and deoxyglucose in vivo in rats.

Experimental evidence indicated that: 1) [14C]deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (14C-DG-6-P) in brain (and other rat tissues) did not increase with time after injection of 14C-DG, 2) 14C-DG-6-P in rat brain (and other tissues) did not correlate with glucose metabolism, 3) 14C-DG-6-P in rat brain (and other tissues) had a significant negative correlation with glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Further, arterio-venous studies in rats, in which the cerebral uptake and metabolism of labeled glucose were compared directly with those of labeled DG (and labeled fluorodeoxyglucose, FDG), employing double labeled techniques, showed that DG (and FDG) cannot be used to measure glucose uptake and/or metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Patient-initiated therapy for recurrent genital herpetic infections.

Therapy for recurrent genital herpes is difficult to evaluate because of the short duration of lesions and viral shedding. Very early treatment, however, can be begun by patients who experience prodromes before onset of lesions. We have found prodromes to occur in 73 percent of male and 84 percent of female patients; 57 percent of the men and 68 percent of the women experienced prodromes in at least three out of every four recurrent episodes. Variables that might affect results of such a patient-initiated study evaluating topical acyclovir included: application of the ointment (drug or placebo) without prodrome (10 percent); the possibility of a false prodrome (less than or equal to 10 percent); long intervals between experiencing a prodrome and ointment application (15 percent greater than 24 hours); the inability to sense a prodrome during sleep; lack of ointment application to the involved areas with initial or later lesions (approximately 15 percent); noncompliance of enrollees in returning for study evaluations (greater than or equal to 10 percent). Such variables will need to be considered when the code is broken in this multicenter study, as well as for patient-initiated studies with other formulations of acyclovir or with other drugs. Earlier negative studies with other agents given within two to three days of appearance of lesions might also require reevaluation with similar patient-initiated studies.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1982

A proposed method for the determination of cerebral regional intermediary glucose metabolism in humans in vivo using specifically labeled 11C-glucose and positron emission transverse tomography (PETT). I. An animal model with 14C-glucose and rat brain autoradiography.

Based upon data obtained with our arterio-venous technique for the determination of cerebral metabolism in humans in vivo we have proposed a method for the determination of cerebral regional intermediary glucose metabolism in humans in vivo using specifically labeled 11C-glucose and positron emission transverse tomography (PETT). In it we would give the subject successive intravenous injections of [3,4-11C] glucose, [2,5-11C] glucose and [1-11C] glucose. There would be a 30 min period of continuous PETT measurements following each injection and a 2 hr interval after the first and second injections. The data would be used with suitable equations and algorithms to estimate for each specific region of the subject's brain the dynamics of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolic pathways and the incorporation of glucose carbons into lactate, and the extent of dilution of glucose carbons into lactate, and the extent of dilution of glucose carbons in traversing the TCA with their subsequent incorporation into other carbon pools of the brain (ie, glutamate, glutamine, GABA, alanine). Using 14C as a model for 11C and autoradiographs made with rat brain slices, we have produced an animal model to demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed method. The resulting autoradiographs have provided evidence of the validity of the predictions made from our arterio-venous data. The model was employed to show the selective reductions in the rates of incorporation of specific carbon atoms of glucose into regions of the rat brain and evidence of altered metabolic pathways following a single electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and after a series of nine ECS.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Hemodynamic changes during prostatectomy in cardiac patients.

Hemodynamic responses to transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) were studied in 9 patients with severe cardiac disease. This group of patients tolerated spinal anesthesia and TURP in an unpredictable manner. One adverse effect was the high pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (WP of 21 mm Hg or higher) in 4 of the 9 patients during operation. All nine cases were considered. Attention was directed toward significant cases. The high WP was not always indicated by high CVP either before or during operation, and it did not necessarily relate to the amount of fluid utilized or amount of prostate resected. Another adverse effect was the marked changes in systemic resistance in 6 patients. Because of the unpredictable hemodynamic responses, thermodilution flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter was valuable in several cases. It made it possible to select specific therapeutic agents and direct tham at isolated hemodynamic dysfunctions.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

A difference in the in vivo cerebral production of [1-14C] lactate from D-[3-14C] glucose in chronic mental patients.

Data from a study in which 12 chronic mental patients and 12 control subject were given D-[3-14C] glucose intravenously in our arterio-venous technique for determining cerebral metabolism in vivo were reexamined. Previously unpublished whole-blood lactate determinations in these experiments indicated a cerebral production of much higher specific activity of [1-14C]-lactate from the D-[3-14C] glucose by mental patients. Of several possible explanations offered for this difference, the most likely was that involving a small lactate compartment(s) in some specific region(s) in which decarboxylation of the endogenously formed cerebral lactate was partially inhibited. Two other experiments with mental patients (one given [U-14C] glucose and the other, [1-14C] glucose) whose extraordinary results were described, in part, in a previous report, were interpreted as more extreme examples of the production of higher specific activity 14C-lactate from 14C-glucose by mental patients' brains upon their very unusual whole blood lactate data.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Monoclonal anti-A from a hybrid-myeloma: evaluating as a blood grouping reagent.

A monoclonal anti-A antibody has been evaluated and found suitable for use as a potent routine ABO grouping reagent, without the use of additives. The IgM anti-A (MH2/6D4) is secreted into the tissue culture supernatant by a permanent line of cloned cells derived by fusion of anti-A producing spleen cells and a mouse myeloma cell line. This is a cost-effective reagent which should reduce production costs by over 50%. This reagent has the advantages inherent in monoclonal antibodies among them the availability of unlimited quantities of unvarying antibody of known properties.

ABO Blood-Group System↗