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S Sadiq

Publications and source records attributed to S Sadiq.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Use of interventional radiology in the management of mediastinitis of odontogenic origin.

Descending necrotising mediastinitis is a rare complication of odontogenic infection. The key to diagnosis is to maintain a high index of suspicion when antibiotics and adequate surgical drainage do not lead to resolution of symptoms. Open thoracic operation to drain mediastinal collections is potentially lethal and interventional radiological techniques are thought to reduce mortality. We report the use of interventional radiology in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of this condition and illustrate our experience with three case reports.

Abscess↗
PubMed2003

Septic arthritis following intra-articular steroid injection of the knee--a survey of current practice regarding antiseptic technique used during intra-articular steroid injection of the knee.

Septic arthritis is a potential catastrophic complication of intra-articular steroid injection. There is lack of evidence regarding the precautions that should be taken to avoid such a complication, as well as how often it is encountered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiseptic precautions taken during intra-articular steroid injection of the knee in the United Kingdom (UK), and estimate how often septic arthritis is encountered by health professionals in the UK following steroid injection of the knee. A questionnaire was posted to 100 orthopaedic surgeons, 100 rheumatologists and 50 general practitioners (GPs), asking them about the cases of septic arthritis following intra-articular steroid injection of the knee that they encountered during their practice and the precautions they take when injecting knees. The response rate was 76.4%; 57.6% of the respondents used alcohol swabs to clean the skin, and the remaining 42.4% used chlorhexidine or Betadine. Only 16.3% used sterile towels to isolate the injection site. There were 32.5% of respondents who routinely used sterile gloves when injecting, and a total of 46.6% used either sterile or non-sterile gloves. Also, 91.1% changed needles between drawing the steroid and injecting it into the joint. Only 24 respondents (12.6%) had encountered septic arthritis after steroid injection of the knee (18 once, 3 twice, 2 three times, 1 several times). We concluded that septic arthritis post intra-articular steroid injection of the knee is probably rare. There is a wide variation in the precautions taken to avoid such a complication. However, the trend seems to be towards minimal use of antiseptic techniques. Further large prospective studies are needed to determine how frequently septic arthritis of the knee is encountered post steroid injection, and the exact precautions that should be taken to avoid it.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Detection of HIV-1 DNA in microglia/macrophages, astrocytes and neurons isolated from brain tissue with HIV-1 encephalitis by laser capture microdissection.

In HIV-1 encephalitis, HIV-1 replicates predominantly in macrophages and microglia. Astrocytes also carry HIV-1, but the infection of oligodendrocytes and neurons is debated. In this study we examined the presence of HIV-1 DNA in different brain cell types in 6 paraffin embedded, archival post-mortem pediatric and adult brain tissues with HIV-1 encephalitis by Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM). Sections from frontal cortex and basal ganglia were stained by immunohistochemistry for CD68 (microglia), GFAP (astrocytes), MAP2 (neurons), and p24 (HIV-1 positive cells) and different cell types were microdissected by LCM. Individual cells or pools of same type of cells were lysed, the cell lysates were subjected to PCR using HIV-1 gag SK38/SK39 primers, and presence of HIV-1 DNA was confirmed by Southern blotting. HIV-1 gag DNA was consistently detected by this procedure in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia in 1 to 20 p24 HIV-1 capsid positive cells, and in pools of 50 to 100 microglia/macrophage cells, 100 to 200 astrocytes, and 100 to 200 neurons in HIV-1 positive cases but not in HIV-1 negative controls. These findings suggest that in addition to microglia, the infection of astrocytes and neurons by HIV-1 may contribute to the development of HIV-1 disease in the brain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Weight bearing following intra-articular steroid injection of the knee: survey of current practice and review of the available evidence.

INTRODUCTION: Intra-articular steroid therapy is one of the most common clinical procedures performed by rheumatologists. There is wide variation in the postoperative instructions given to patients following such injections. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine what advice is given with regards to non-weight-bearing following steroid injections of the knee by rheumatologists, orthopaedic surgeons, and general practitioners (GPs). METHOD: A questionnaire examining advice on non-weight-bearing following knee steroid injections was posted to 100 rheumatologists, 100 orthopaedic surgeons, and 50 GPs. RESULTS: A significant proportion of respondents advised patients to avoid weight bearing after injection (42.4%). Most of these advised patients to do so for one (16.3%) or two (25.1%) days. As compared to 57.1% of general practitioners and 2.8% of orthopaedic surgeons, 70.7% of rheumatologists advised patients to avoid weight bearing (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of rheumatologists and general practitioners performing steroid injections of the knee advise patients not to weight-bear postinjection. Examination of the available literature fails to reveal strong evidence to support such a practice, which has potentially significant implications with regards to loss of working days, costs of mobility aids, and patient inconvenience.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2001

Thromboembolism complicating thrombin injection of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm: management with intraarterial thrombolysis.

Ultrasound (US)-guided compression of pseudoaneurysms is being rapidly replaced by US-guided percutaneous treatment with thrombin injection because of the less intensive nature of this procedure. Thromboembolism after percutaneous treatment with thrombin injection is rare and has been described in brachial artery pseudoaneurysms. These were managed with intravenous administration of heparin and surgical thrombectomy. In this report, the authors describe thromboembolic complication of thrombin injection after treatment of a femoral artery pseudoaneurysm. This was managed by intraarterial thrombolysis with use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) with resolution of all major occlusive changes. A lower dose of thrombin injection and frequent postprocedural monitoring of distal pulses is recommended.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Arterial pressure measurements using infrared photosensors: comparison with CW Doppler.

We evaluated the accuracy of modern infrared photosensors (IPs) from a photoplethysmography (PPG) machine as flow detector in determining the systolic arterial pressures and ankle/brachial indices (ABIs) in comparison to the traditional continuous wave Doppler (Doppler) method. Pressures were obtained by placing an appropriate pneumatic cuff above the elbow and ankle. The Doppler probe was placed at brachial artery, posterior tibial artery and dorsalis pedis artery, and the IP was placed on the pad of the index finger and great toe. The two techniques were compared in 181 limbs in our non-invasive vascular laboratory, 133 limbs with normal and 48 limbs with abnormal ABIs. The accuracy of absolute ankle pressure measurements was also compared by both methods. We found that IPs from PPG machine have a good correlation (linear regression r=0.96 for normal and r=0.95 for abnormal ankle pressures) with the Doppler method. There was no significant difference (P< or =0.0001) in the ABIs calculated by two methods in either normal or abnormal subjects. The PPG method was easier, quicker and automated as compared with the cumbersome Doppler method. While PPG method does not differentiate between occlusive disease of posterior tibial and anterior tibial/dorsalis pedis arteries, it is better suited for non-compliant patients and is superior to Doppler method in advanced occlusive arterial disease. We recommend that it be used on a routine basis.

Ankle↗
PubMed2001

Single or double plating for nonunion of the clavicle.

Between January 1982 and January 1999, 684 patients presented with a fracture of the clavicle to the accident and emergency departments of the Tamside and Bury District General Hospitals. Twenty patients (3%) subsequently developed symptomatic nonunion of the clavicle. The original injury resulted from a road traffic accident in 13 patients, from a fall on an outstretched hand in five patients, and two patients had sports related injuries. Mean age of the patients was 39 years (range, 17 to 76 years). Mean time from injury to surgery was 2.5 years (range, 6 months to 8 years). Fifteen patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the nonunion of the clavicle with a single plate (DCP or AO plate) and in the remaining five patients two plates were used. The clavicle went on to unite both clinically and radiographically in all patients. Mean time for clinical recovery of symptoms was 4 weeks (range, 3 to 15 weeks) and mean time for radiological union was 17 weeks (range, 15 to 35 weeks). The Constant score component for pain rose from a preoperative score of 0.71 to 13.8 +/- 3.5 (p < 0.0001, paired t-test). There was significant improvement for the level of activity of daily living from a preoperative score of 2.95 +/- 1.63 to 19.0 +/- 3.9. (p < 0.0001, paired t-test). The Imatani score for shoulder function rose from a preoperative score of 56.75 +/- 5.9, to a postoperative score of 98.39 +/- 4.0. No complications related to surgery were noted in the immediate postoperative period. Three patients required removal of the metal work. After removal of the plates there were no refractures of the clavicle. In conclusion, single or double plating of the clavicle is an effective technique in dealing with nonunions of both middle and distal thirds of the clavicle.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effect of gamma-L-glutamyl-L-dopa on phosphate excretion.

gamma-L-glutamyl-L-DOPA (gludopa) is a dopamine prodrug that is relatively specific for the kidney. Because dopamine is phosphaturic, the present study compared the phosphaturic effects of the infusion of equimolar doses of gludopa (n = 8), L-DOPA (n = 8), and gamma-L-glutamyl-L-tyrosine (glutyrosine, n = 6). Glutyrosine was used as a control to evaluate the effect of the glutamyl portion of gludopa on phosphate excretion. Sprague-Dawley rats (350 to 400 g) were anesthetized with 5-sec-butylethyl-2-thyobarbituric acid (Inactin; 100 mg/kg, IP) and underwent thyroparathyroidectomy. Clearances were taken during the infusion of normal saline vehicle, followed by the infusion of gludopa, L-DOPA, or glutyrosine, all infused at the rate of 10 nmol/kg bolus and 0.8 nmol/kg/min (iv). To determine the contribution of glutamyl derivative to phosphate excretion, gludopa or L-DOPA was infused in the presence of SCH23390, a DA-1 receptor antagonist. Gludopa infusion significantly increased dopamine excretion (from 1.9+/-0.2 ng/min to 17.0+/-3.9 ng/min, delta15.0+/-3.9 ng/min, P < .008) and fractional excretion of phosphate (from 2.6%+/-0.6% to 34.8%+/-1.8%, delta32.0%+/-1.6%, P < .001). L-DOPA infusion significantly increased dopamine excretion (from 1.4+/- 0.4 ng/min to 9.7+/-1.6 ng/min, delta8.3+/-1.5 ng/min, P < .001) and fractional excretion of phosphate (from 1.7%+/-0.6% to 8.2%+/-2.0%, delta6.4%+/-1.5%, P < .004). Glutyrosine infusion significantly increased fractional excretion of phosphate (from 2.8%+/-0.8% to 17.5%+/-5.2%, delta14.6%+/-4.8%, P < .03) without changing dopamine excretion (delta0.5+/-0.2 ng/min). Infusion of gludopa in the presence of SCH23390 increased fractional excretion of phosphate (from 5.7%+/-2.5% to 12.6%+/-3.5%, delta6.8%+/-2.3%, n = 6, P < .03), whereas SCH23390 completely blocked the phosphaturic effect of L-DOPA. We conclude that gamma-L-glutamyl-L-DOPA is more phosphaturic than L-DOPA in the rat because of the combined effects of dopamine and the glutamyl moiety.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Rhinoscleroma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Elevation of CD5+ B lymphocytes in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: A variety of immunologic alterations have been observed in patients with schizophrenia. These findings have lent support to theories that autoimmune mechanisms may be important in some patients with the illness. The CD5+ B lymphocyte, a B-cell subset associated with autoimmune disease, has been the subject of two previously published studies yielding disparate results. METHODS: In this study, we used immunofluorescent flow cytometry to measure CD5+ B cells, total B and T cells, and CD4 and CD8 subsets in patients with schizophrenia and in normal control subjects. RESULTS: A significantly higher percentage of patients with schizophrenia, relative to normal control subjects, exhibited an elevated level of CD5+ B cells (27.6% vs 6.7%). Antipsychotic withdrawal had no effect on CD5+ B-cell levels, suggesting that medication effects were not the cause of this difference. No other studied lymphocyte subsets differed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: A subset of patients with schizophrenia have elevated levels of CD5+ B cells. This finding replicates an earlier study by another group and provides further evidence suggestive of autoimmune manifestations in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Proximal femoral osteotomy as the primary operation for young adults who have osteoarthrosis of the hip.

We report the results of proximal femoral osteotomy that was performed to treat osteoarthrosis in twenty-three consecutive young adults (twenty-five hips) who had a mean age of thirty-eight years (range, eighteen to fifty-three years). The mean duration of follow-up was seven years (range, two to twelve years). With conversion to a total hip replacement as the end point, the rate of survival at twelve years was 67 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval, 37 to 88 per cent). Four hips (16 per cent) were converted to a total hip replacement at a mean of eight years after the osteotomy. For the patients who did not have conversion to a total hip replacement, the mean score for pain, according to the system of Merle d'Aubigné and Postel as modified by Charnley, improved from 3.4 points preoperatively to 5.1 points postoperatively, the mean score for walking ability improved from 3.9 to 4.7 points, and the mean score for range of motion improved from 3.2 to 4.2 points. These results compare favorably with those following other forms of operative treatment of osteoarthrosis of the hip in young adults. In addition, the osteotomy does not preclude subsequent replacement arthroplasty if one is necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Use of intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of patients with dystonia.

BACKGROUND: Continuous infusion of intrathecal (IT) baclofen is a highly effective standard therapy for severe spasticity of spinal origin. By contrast, there is limited clinical experience regarding the use of IT baclofen in treating patients with dystonia, and little is known regarding the indications for treatment, efficacy, and safety of IT baclofen in this disorder. OBJECTIVE: To study retrospectively the effects of IT baclofen in treating 25 patients with severe segmental or generalized dystonia. SETTING: Neurological Institute, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY. PATIENTS: Twenty-five patients with severe segmental or generalized dystonia that was refractory to oral medications underwent IT baclofen test dosing. In addition to dystonia, 17 patients had spasticity or painful spasms. Thirteen of 25 patients responded to the test doses of IT baclofen, according to unblinded neurological assessments that included the patient's subjective report; all 13 underwent implantation of a pump for continuous IT baclofen infusion. RESULTS: In contrast to reports of patients with spasticity of spinal origin, those with dystonia in the present series had a lower response rate to bolus IT baclofen doses and a smaller degree of clinical improvement. For 10 of the 13 responders to the test doses of IT baclofen, dystonia rating scale scores of videotaped examinations by blinded observers detected no significant change (P < .07) in severity of dystonia. Retrospective data from 11 of 13 patients with implantable pumps, followed up for a mean interval of 21 months after pump insertion, showed continuing efficacy in 6 individuals (55%), based on a determination of patient satisfaction; however, only 3 patients (27%) reported a sustained improvement in functional capacity. Five (38%) of the 13 patients with implantable pumps experienced severe complications that required hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Despite recent reports that have described the benefit in small numbers of patients with dystonia, we concluded that the role of IT baclofen in treating severe dystonia remains uncertain. Intrathecal baclofen may be more effective when dystonia is associated with spasticity or pain. In the present series, we detected no significant difference in the response to IT baclofen in patients with or without spasticity or pain, perhaps owing to the small sample size.

Baclofen↗
PubMed1996

Late-onset idiopathic scoliosis in children six to fourteen years old. A cross-sectional prevalence study.

We performed a point-prevalence survey of 15,799 children, six to fourteen years old, who formed part of a prospective longitudinal study. Our purpose was to detect the prevalence of scoliosis and to investigate associated factors. On the basis of the initial screening, 934 children (5.9 per cent) were referred for additional clinical and radiographic examinations; 896 children returned for this second evaluation. A lateral spinal curve with a Cobb angle of more than 5 degrees was seen in 431 children (2.7 per cent of the 15,799 children). Only seventy-six children (0.5 per cent) had a curve that met our definition of idiopathic scoliosis (a curve of more than 10 degrees with concordant apical rotation). The point-prevalence rate was higher in girls, and it increased with age. The rate was 0.1 per cent (four of 5246) in the age-group of six to eight years, 0.3 per cent (sixteen of 5831) in the age-group of nine to eleven years, and 1.2 per cent (fifty-six of 4722) in the age-group of twelve to fourteen years old. With allowance for the fact that different definitions of idiopathic scoliosis have been used in earlier studies, our results suggest that the natural history of idiopathic scoliosis may be becoming more benign spontaneously.

Adolescent↗