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Biomedical subjects

S Sakai

Publications and source records attributed to S Sakai.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Changes in immunological parameters in lung cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy with streptococcal preparation OK-432.

We have studied the immunological status of patients treated with streptococcal preparation OK-432. Two KE of OK-432 was injected intramuscularly once every week for more than three years unless the patients died. The natural killer (NK) activity in those patients who underwent curative surgery for lung cancer and had no sign of recurrence was significantly increased (P less than 0.01) during the OK-432 treatment. However, the NK activity in the patients who had persistent disease (non-resected cases, incompletely resected cases or recurrent cases) was not significantly increased in comparison with that before the immunotherapy. Also, in the cases with no clinical symptoms of recurrence, both the lymphoblastogenetic reactions to the mitogens and the IL-2 production were significantly enhanced (P less than 0.01) during the administration of OK-432. Reactions in the SU-PS (polysaccharide taken from the cell-wall fraction of the Streptococcus pyogenes SU strain and containing 7.2% of protein) skin-test appeared to significantly correlate with the immunological status of the patients under OK-432 therapy, but the PHA and PPD skin reactions showed no definitive enhancement. The survival rate of the patients whose SU-PS skin tests were positive during the OK-432 immunotherapy was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than that of the patients with negative reactions.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Changes in the hormone receptors of human breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice by treatment with cytotoxic agents.

We examined the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on the estrogen receptors (ER) of breast carcinomas in vivo using human breast carcinoma strains (Br-10, T-61) serially transplanted into nude mice. When the tumor size reached approximately 1 X 1 X 1 cm, mitomycin C (MMC) at doses of 1, 2 and 4.5 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide (CPA) at a dose of 120 mg/kg, were administered once intraperitoneally, and the ERs of the tumors were measured sequentially by the dextran-coated charcoal method. Four days after the MMC administration at above doses, the binding sites of ER in Br-10 were not reduced and binding affinity was not affected. When the changes in ER content with time after the treatment with 4.5 mg/kg MMC and 120 mg/kg CPA were investigated, the ER content was found to be stable until 4 days after the treatment with both drugs, although the growth of T-61 had been significantly inhibited by the drugs. From these findings, it seems reasonable to initiate chemotherapy before endocrine therapy, since the chemotherapeutic agents did not reduce the ER content of the breast cancer strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Electron microscopic study of acute retrograde pyelonephritis in mice.

A strain of Escherichia coli O6:H-, which was isolated from a patient with acute pyelonephritis, was used to produce ascending pyelonephritis in mice. The histologic features at the early stage of acute pyelonephritis and the pathways of bacterial invasion and distribution in the infected kidneys were studied by using transmission electron microscope. The histologic changes were characterized by degeneration and destruction of renal pelvic and tubular epithelial cells, and a massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Bacteria invaded the pelvic surface and spread over the renal medulla and cortex by contiguity twelve hours after infection. It was also shown that bacteria ascended the tubules, multiplied in the tubular lumina, destroyed the tubular epithelial cells, and spread over the renal cortex by twelve hours. In addition, bacteria and leukocytes phagocytizing bacteria were present in the capillaries in the renal interstitium twelve hours after infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Symptoms in patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma.

Symptoms at first onset and on initial examination were analyzed in 845 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma. About 20-30 per cent of the patients became aware of swelling of cheek, nasal obstruction, nasal discharge and epistaxis as first symptoms. About 50-80 per cent of the patients complained of such symptoms on initial examination. Symptoms of maxillary sinus carcinoma are similar to those of chronic sinusitis which results in a delay in diagnosis. Such symptoms should be recognized to improve survival rate. CT and MRI scans are useful for early diagnosis and determination of tumour extension. Sinoscopy with biopsy is most important to detect the earliest tumour stage.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1990

Multiple primary malignancies in patients with malignant tumours of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses.

The incidence of multiple primary malignancies (MPM) was analysed in 1297 patients with malignant tumours of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. The patients were followed for a minimum of six years or until death. The incidence of MPM was 3.4 per cent (44/1297) which is lower in patients with malignant tumours of other regions in the upper aerodigestive tract. Five of the 44 patients had second malignancies within previously irradiated areas. There was a difference between the proportion of histologies occurring in irradiated tissues compared with the overall 1297 patients. This finding suggests that radiotherapy may induce a second cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Bronchoscopic and cytopathological findings of tracheobronchial involvement in esophageal carcinoma.

To evaluate the usefulness of bronchoscopic and cytopathologic examinations for tracheobronchial involvement of esophageal carcinoma, we reviewed 14 cases of esophageal carcinoma suspected of tracheobronchial invasion. Two cases underwent bronchoscopy for postoperative respiratory symptoms, and both revealed endotracheal tumor growth and proved positive at brush cytology and biopsy. Among nine cases submitted to preoperative examination, bronchoscopy showed only protrusion in four cases, and redness with mucosal protrusion in five cases. Two of the latter evidenced cancer cells on brushing specimen, and their prognosis was poor. The remaining three cases underwent bronchoscopy for preoperative severe respiratory symptoms. Tumor growth was noted in two of them, and cytology or biopsy was positive. We conclude that bronchoscopy for tracheobronchial involvement of esophageal carcinoma plays a major role in the diagnosis of extra-esophageal extension. Because of the anatomical situation, biopsy is sometimes difficult. Brush cytology is important in the case of mucosal protrusion and redness.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Scrotal septocutaneous island flap for the reconstruction of the urethral fistula.

We report the reconstruction of the urethral fistula using a scrotal septocutaneous island flap. A scrotal septocutaneous island flap is supplied by vascular networks in the scrotal septum area from both perineal arteries and posterior scrotal arteries. This flap is divided into two flaps, one for urethral lining and the other for the skin defect. We found it to be a simple, useful, and reliable alternative to other local flaps. However, hairless skin of the scrotum must be used for the urethral lining. The musculocutaneous flap is also reliable. However, use of the scrotal septocutaneous island flap can save the musculocutaneous flap for secondary procedures.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Avulsion of the scalp: which one is the best artery for anastomosis?

We present a patient who underwent successful replacement of a large avulsed scalp with microvascular anastomosis of one artery and three veins. The left occipital artery in the avulsed scalp and a frontal branch of a right superficial temporal artery in the recipient forehead were anastomosed. Three veins in the occipital area in the avulsed scalp were anastomosed via vein grafts to three veins in the frontal area, respectively. For successful replacement, the selection of the vessels depends on each individual case. To give easy anastomosis, a good cosmetic result, and a comfortable postoperative period, it is not always necessary to reconstruct a previously normal anatomical position.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Study on auxotype and serotype of Neisseria gonorrhoeae].

The auxotypes of 592 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Sapporo between 1980 and 1989 were investigated. The serotypes of some of these strains were also studied, and the relation between the auxotype and the sensitivity to Amoxicillin (AMPC) was analyzed. The results were as follows. 1. The auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Sapporo were similar to those distributed in Southeast Asia. 2. In a study of the auxotypes by year, the frequency of proto and Pro- decreased, while the frequency of AHU- increased. 3. The serotypes of all strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae investigated were WII/WIII, there was no WI serotype. 4. With respect to the relation between auxotypes and sensitivity to AMPC, the AHU- strains were more sensitive than proto or Pro-.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1990

Catecholamines depress endolymphatic sac direct current potential in guinea pigs.

To test the possibility that catecholamines have an influence on the function of the endolymphatic sac (ES), which is known to absorb the endolymph, the effect of catecholamines on the ES direct current potential (ESP) was examined in the guinea pig. The ESP was recorded extradurally by the posterior occipital approach. Isoproterenol (Iso), epinephrine (Epi), and norepinephrine (NE) were administered intravenously for 4 min using an infusion pump. Catecholamines reversibly depressed the ESP with the rank order of potency Iso greater than Epi greater than NE. The threshold doses were 0.021, 0.27, and 1.94 micrograms/kg for Iso, Epi, and NE, respectively. beta-Antagonist (propranolol) blocked the action of catecholamines on the ESP but alpha-antagonist (phentolamine) did not. This indicates that beta-adrenergic action induces the ESP change. This study implies that catecholamines may regulate the function of the ES.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

Functional character and augmentation of lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes of patients with lung cancer.

It appears that lymph node metastases are more frequent in lung cancer than in other cancers because of impaired defensive mechanisms in the regional lymph nodes. However, little is known about the immunologic function of regional lymph node lymphocytes (RLNL) in patients with lung cancer. We have studied the immunologic properties of RLNL in comparison with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). We measured the natural killer (NK) cell activity of RLNL and PBL in patients with lung cancer and found that the NK activity was significantly more depressed in the RLNL than in the PBL. In contrast, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was markedly higher in the RLNL than in the PBL. The cytotoxic effect of RLNL in nonmetastatic lymph nodes on target cells (such as K562 cells) or PC-3 and PC-10 cells (NK-resistant, human lung cancer of adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma, respectively) was significantly enhanced by in vitro incubation with recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2). Furthermore, we clarified that both rIL-2 and OK-432, which is a biologic response modifier and IL-2 inducer as well, augmented the cytotoxicity of RLNL and that these effector cells were lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. The depletion of lymphocyte subsets by pretreatment with specific monoclonal antibody showed that the LAK activity in RLNL was mediated by CD3+ and CD8+ cells, whereas the lymphocyte subsets contributing the LAK activity in PBL were CD3+ and CD16+ cells. It was concluded that a majority of the effector cells in RLNL were LAK cells of the cytotoxic T cell population.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Structure-activity relationship of yohimbine and its related analogs in blocking alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors: a comparative study of cardiovascular activities.

We investigated the selectivities and structure requirements for alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor blocking activities of yohimbine (YO) and its 12 related analogs, such as beta-yohimbine (beta-YO), dihydrocorynantheine (DHC) and (-)indoloquinolizidine ((-)IQ). The affinity of YO analogs to alpha-adrenoceptor was assessed by measuring their blockade of pressor responses to epinephrine in pithed rats. Among YO structure groups, the potency order was YO greater than DHC = beta-YO greater than geissoschizine methylether greater than 14 beta-hydroxy YO greater than 14 beta-benzoyloxy YO (inactive). (-)IQ was slightly less potent than YO, but much stronger than (+)IQ. Among (+/-)IQ structure groups, the potency order was (+/-)IQ greater than (+/-)1,12b-trans-1-hydroxy IQ much greater than (+/-)1,12b-cis-1-hydroxy IQ (inactive). (+/-)Borrerine was active, but (+/-)desmethylborrerine was inactive. The alpha-1 blocking activities of the four compounds YO, beta-YO, DHC and (-)IQ, were assessed in experiments of pressor responses to methoxamine in pithed rats and contractile responses to methoxamine in the rat vas deferens. The potency order was (-)IQ greater than YO greater than DHC greater than beta-YO. Furthermore, the alpha-2 blocking activities of the four analogs were assessed in experiments of pressor responses to clonidine and inhibition of electrically driven cardioacceleration by clonidine, in pithed rats. The potency order was YO greater than beta-YO greater than (-)IQ greater than DHC. Based on the potency ratio between alpha-1 and alpha-2 blocking activities, DHC or YO was most selective for alpha-1 or alpha-2 subtype, respectively, among the four YO analogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

Prolactin and progesterone receptors in pregnancy-dependent mammary tumors in GR/A mice.

In this study, cellular prolactin receptors and cytosolic progesterone receptors were examined and compared in pregnancy-dependent mammary tumors (PDMT) and in normal mammary glands of pregnant GR/A mice. PDMT and normal mammary glands were examined in the same animal, thus assuring an identical hormonal environment. The PDMT cells had a larger capacity to bind prolactin or the synthetic progesterone, R5020, than did the normal mammary gland. While the dissociation constant (Kd) value for prolactin binding to normal mammary epithelial cells was similar to that of PDMT cells, PDMT cells had 2.2 times more prolactin receptors than the normal cells. Progesterone binding activity was detected only in PDMT, but not in the normal mammary cells. The receptor concentration and the Kd value for progesterone binding of PDMT were 606 fmol/mg protein and 3.53 nM, respectively. It appears, therefore, that normal regulation of these receptors may be altered within the PDMT cells. The increased growth responsiveness of PDMT to the hormones of pregnancy, especially prolactin, progesterone, and placental lactogen, may be a function of a sharp increase in the level of cellular receptors for these mammotropic hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A case of epipharyngeal tuberculosis with tuberculosis otitis media].

A 23-years-old female with no known previous contact with tuberculosis complained of right otorrhea. Treatment with antibiotics agent was resisted, and a tympanic perforation became two. Her tuberculin test was positive, but her chest X-ray showed no signs of lung tuberculosis. Posterior rhinoscopy revealed a granuloma in the epipharynx. Histological examination of a biopsy specimen revealed tuberculosis changes. Treatment with antituberculosis agents, SM.INH.RFP greatly reduced the mass and the tympanic perforation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Endoscopic and fluoroscopic pyeloureterotomy for ureteropelvic junction obstruction and ureteral stricture].

Endoscopic or fluoroscopic pyeloureterotomy was performed in a total of 32 patients (34 ureters) with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) or ureteral stricture from March 1985. Cold incision was performed, using a flexible knife over a guidewire, endoscopically on 23 ureters and fluoroscopically on 11 ureters. The mean operation time was 98.9 +/- 48.3 minutes. Twenty-five (74%) of the 34 ureters showed relief of subjective symptoms, normalized urinalysis and radiographical improvement of hydronephrosis with a mean follow-up period of 11.7 +/- 10.0 months (range: 3-43). The clinical results by etiology were as follows: primary UPJO, 13/16 (81%); secondary UPJO, 4/4 (100%); ureteral stricture, 6/7 (85%); obliteration of ureteral implantation, 2/7 (29%). No major complication was noted with this endourological technique. This endourological technique might be clinically useful for the treatment of UPJO and ureteral strictures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Survival rate of bladder tumors--an analysis of 2304 patients with bladder tumors in the Tokai Urological Cancer Registry].

During the 7 years from 1980 to 1986, 2860 cases of bladder tumors were registered in the Tokai Urological Cancer Registry. Among the 2860 cases, 2304 cases were selected from the registered cases for the present study. The 5-year relative (actual) survival rates were 73.8% (61.9%) of all patients; 48.9% (42.4%) in those with malignant neoplasma of urinary bladder excluding transitional cell carcinoma; 48.8% (41/3%) in those with mixed tumor. In patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the 5-year relative (actual survival rates were 93.7% (78.8%) for G1, 87.2% (74.1%) for G2 and 47.3% (38.9%) for G3. As to staging, the 5-year survival rates were 101.9% (88.0%), 87.6% (75.3%), 57.9% (47.8%), 33.7% (28.2%) and 6.1% (5.0%) in patients with stage of Ta, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The tumors with muscle infiltration and high grade malignancy obviously deteriorated patients' survival. The 5-year relative (actual) survival rate for patients treated with TUR was 98.1% (82.2%). As to grading, the 5-year survival rates were 102.2% (86.6%) for G1, 104.3% (88.3%) for G2 and 56.9% (48.3%) for G3. The 5-year survival rates of those with Ta, T1 and T2 were 103.9% (89.7%), 96.0% (82.6) and 61.1% (49.1%), respectively. The 5-year relative (actual) survival rate for patients undergoing total cystectomy was 62.4% (52.3%). In those patients, the 5-year survival rates were 96.7% (80.9%) for G1, 63.6% (55.7%) for G2 and 55.4% (47.1%) for G3. As to staging, the 5-year survival rates were 102.3% (90.6%), 77.8% (68.2%), 56.3% (47.9%), 41.8% (34.9%) and 15.2% (13.1%) in patients with stage of Ta, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The 3 and 5-year relative (actual) survival rates in patients with advanced bladder tumors were 5.3% (4.8%) and 0.87% (0.73%), respectively.

Adolescent↗