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Biomedical subjects

S Sakai

Publications and source records attributed to S Sakai.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Mechanism of biphasic action of mono- and bivalent salts on the binding of prolactin to the receptor in the rabbits mammary gland.

The influence of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 on the binding of prolactin (PRL) to its receptor was investigated. The salts were dissolved in a metallic ion-free binding buffer and had biphasic effects on changes in the association rate constant (k+1) of PRL binding, depending on their concentrations: there was an increase in the k+1 at lower concentrations and a decrease at higher concentrations. The dissociation rate of bound PRL was unaffected. NaCl at any concentration did not change the binding capacity. Bivalent salts, at higher than 25 mM, increased the capacity about 1.6-fold as compared to the 0 mM control. By cross-linking the PRL-receptor complex, the band of a molecular weight (Mr) 34,500 receptor could always be detected on the autoradiogram. An Mr 78,000 receptor appeared only after incubation with bivalent salts. Data indicate that the binding of PRL to an Mr 78,000 receptor is directly regulated by bivalent cation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of body sway pattern after alcohol ingestion in human subjects.

Movements of the centre of gravity during 60 s of standing with eyes closed and eyes open were analysed before and after alcohol ingestion up to 8 h in 37 healthy human subjects. Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations (BAC and BAcHC) were measured simultaneously. Among the parameters analysed, area of posturogram was the most sensitive indicator; it increased to 3.8 times that of the control value at 60 min, after 3.5 ml/kg of ingested whisky (mean BAC of this group was 1.4 mg/ml), with the eyes open. The Romberg ratio, which denotes eyes closed relative to eyes open, remained constant. By contrast, there was little change in stabilometry in cases of 1.2 ml/kg of whisky ingestion (mean BAC at 60 min was 0.58 mg/ml). It is considered that body sway starts to increase when the BAC level exceeds 0.6 mg/ml on average; this value is only higher than the threshold of positional alcohol nystagmus. Correlation coefficients between BAC and each parameter of the stabilogram in the eyes open condition, such as area, X- and Y-axis diameters, and velocity of body sway, were 0.53, 0.45 and 0.48, respectively (p less than 0.01). There was no positive correlation between BAcHC and these parameters.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1989

[Use of nasal flowmeter to measure nasal patency].

We determined nasal peak flow using a peak flowmeter with a face mask (PALROD peak expiratory flowmeter) and nasal airway patency with an anterior rhinomanometer (Nihon Koden MPR-1100) at a minimum time interval in the same individual. We compared the values obtained by two kinds of measurements to evaluate the usefulness of the peak flowmeter for nasal airway patency. In this study, the nasal patencies were experimentally changed and measured in 30 patients using alpha-1 stimulant spray and in 25 patients with nasal allergy using nasal provocation of antigens. We also measured the natural circadian changes of nasal patency in 21 patients with nasal allergy and in 18 normal persons every two hours from 8:00 A.M. to 8:00 P.M. and from 9:00 A.M. to 9:00 P.M., respectively. As a result, we found close correlations between percent change of the peak flow and the nasal airway patency measured after spraying alpha-1 stimulant (r = 0.699, p less than 0.01), after antigen provocation (r = 0.585, p less than 0.01), and during circadian change (r = 0.464, p less than 0.01 in normal persons and r = 0.251, p less than 0.05 in allergy patients). In conclusion, peak flowmeter is handier and cheaper than rhinomanometer and is useful in evaluating the effect of vasoconstrictors and nasal provocation on nasal patency and in measuring the circadian changes of nasal patency. Since nasal secretion in the nose affects the measurement of peak flow, it should be removed as much as possible immediately before the flowmeter is used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The costs of public primary health care services in rural Indonesia.

Described are the results of a cost study of national rural health services carried out in Indonesia between November 1986 and March 1987. Detailed costings of government inputs to all public health services below the district hospital level were made for 41 subdistricts in five provinces that were representative of the different regions of the country. The total costs of services as well as the average costs for specific service functions were estimated for the whole country as well as for the different provinces. The results indicate a low overall level of government spending on rural primary health care. Regional differences in this respect were not significant, suggesting that the government policy of encouraging regional balance in allocations has been successful. The average costs for most services were much greater than the charges made to patients, and this provided information on the current level of government subsidies. There was a large variability in the average costs, indicating that the existing system is inefficient, that some districts were able to attain much higher levels of efficiency than others within the existing constraints, and that improvements in this respect are possible.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1989

The extended vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction.

The extended vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap has been used in 34 patients for breast reconstruction after radical mastectomy. This flap can reconstruct a large ptotic breast mound and fill the infraclavicular and axillary areas. The operative technique and a discussion of the method are presented. There are several advantages to the extended vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. First, the main advantage of this flap is its reliable vascular supply, which can reach to the infraclavicular and axillary areas. Second, the large volume of this flap can reconstruct the large ptotic breast, fill the infraclavicular hollow, and create an axillary fold. Third, no lower abdominal wall hernias have developed, and use of alloplastic abdominal wall reinforcement is not necessary. Finally, the simultaneous beneficial effect of horizontal abdominoplasty, which further enhances the patient's body image by narrowing the waist, is unique to this vertical abdominal flap. The disadvantages of this flap include (1) the midline abdominal scar, (2) an umbilical scar on the reconstructed breast, and (3) in principle, inappropriateness for the patient who desires pregnancy postoperatively.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1989

[A case of adenocarcinoma of the bladder infiltrating to sigmoid colon].

A 65-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with the chief complaint of gross hematuria and burning on urination. Cystoscopy revealed a papillary broad base tumor on right lateral and posterior wall. Barium enema showed a tumor of sigmoid colon. The other gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts were examined but no tumor lesion could be found. Total cystectomy and partial resection of sigmoid colon were done, and the urinary tract was reconstructed using a Kock continent ileal reservoir. Histological findings revealed adenocarcinoma of its infiltration to the sigmoid colon.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical characteristics of tuberculosis in the aged].

We prospectively studied the clinical characteristics of tuberculosis in the aged from July 1988 to March 1989. Twenty-five of 101 tubercle-bacilli positive patients were 70 years old or more. In these aged patients, decrease of body weight and of serum albumin was predominant. These findings suggest that undernutrition is remarkable in aged patients with tuberculosis, and it may influence their cellular immunity. In fact, the tuberculin reaction was significantly attenuated in the aged patients compared with patients less than 70 years old. Twelve percent of the aged patients showed a negative tuberculin reaction. In clinical diagnosis, it should be kept in mind that tuberculin reaction is sometimes negative in active tuberculosis patients particularly in the aged. The time required for negative conversion of tubercle bacilli was not retarded in the aged patients due to the use of potent chemotherapy regimens containing isoniazid and rifampicin.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Auditory brainstem response in dead on arrival cases].

The relationship between ABR on the one hand and acid-base balance, EEG findings and prognosis on the other was studied in 47 cases of DOA. As for the acid-base balance, the balance tipped to acidosis in almost all cases. The ABR showed wave I to wave V in 25 cases, wave I to wave III in 2 cases and only wave I or no response in 20 cases on the admission day. The EEG was isoelectric in 27 out of 35 cases. All the patients who showed some activity in EEG had ABR which showed waves I through V. However, 11 of the 27 patients who were isoelectric EEG showed wave I through V potentials in ABR. By the relationship between EEG and ABR, the cases could be classified into 4 types, namely, 1) there are EEG activities with ABR showing up to wave V and the other types EEG are isoelectric with ABR findings that 2) wave V appears, 3) wave V disappears to leave wave I-III and 4) only I wave or becomes no response. The acid-base balance of the cases was inclined to acidosis; therefore, the effect of acidosis on ABR, EEG and disturbance of the brain tissue due to anoxic state wave suspected. Prognosis of DOA cases was poor and 87.2% died. All the patients who exhibited no response in ABR and isoelectric EEG at anytime of their course, died eventually. These findings suggest that combination of EEG and ABR enables one to learn more exactly the central function in those with disturbance of consciousness.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1988

Monoclonal antibody detection of prolactin-binding subunits in the rabbit mammary gland.

The structure of prolactin (PRL) receptor in the rabbit mammary gland was examined using a receptor-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb). The PRL receptor preparation used was purified by making use of a PRL-affinity column. MAb inhibited the binding of PRL to the receptor, in a dose-dependent manner and completely at a high concentration. Using the receptor directly labelled by 125I, the preparation was incubated with MAbs and the immune complex was collected by Pansorbin and examined by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The autoradiography showed that three species with apparent Mr values of 77,000, 41,000 and 25,000 specifically reacted with MAbs. The pattern changed little in the presence or absence of dithiothreitol. Western blot analysis showed that two species (Mr 77,000 and 41,000) reacted with MAb. Affinity labelling of the receptor with labelled PRL revealed three bands with Mr values of 96,000, 60,000 and 43,000 on SDS gels. The high-Mr complex (Mr greater than 200,000) was always present at the top of the gel. These results show that the mammary gland contains at least three PRL-binding subunits. The differences in Mr before and after PRL binding were close to the Mr of PRL. This would suggest that each PRL binding subunit reacts with one PRL molecule.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A study of the late effects of radiotherapy and operation on patients with maxillary cancer. A survey more than 10 years after initial treatment.

One hundred seventy-one maxillary carcinoma patients who survived more than 10 years after initial treatment were surveyed. Performance status was unrestricted in 35.1% of the patients, slightly restricted in 34.5%, moderately restricted in 21.1%, restricted in 7.0%, and very restricted in 2.3%. Radiation-induced cataracts on the affected side occurred in 100% of the patients treated with radiation. Good visual acuity was maintained in only 65.8% of the patients, even on the contralateral side. Fifty-five percent of the patients retained symmetric facial animation due to our policy of conservative therapy. Restricted mouth opening occurred in 32.2% of the patients, taking liquid diet in 21.1%, and middle ear effusion in 26.3%, which were closely linked to maxillectomy operation. This study suggests that avoiding excess radiation dosage, strict control of radiation field, adaption of two portals with 60 grades wedge pair filter, use of appropriate protectors, limiting removal at the maxillactomy, and postoperative care for trismus or tympanic effusion are necessary.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1988

Similar, potent tumor-promoting activity of all isomers of teleocidins A and B in a two-stage carcinogenesis experiment on the skin of CD-1 mice.

Teleocidin, isolated from mycelia of Streptomyces mediocidicus is a mixture of two teleocidin A isomers with molecular weights of 437 (A-1 and A-2) and four teleocidin B isomers with molecular weights of 451 (B-1, B-2, B-3, and B-4). Previously we found that each purified isomer of teleocidins A and B had approximately the same activity as teleocidin in an irritant test on mouse ear, in inductions of ornithine decarboxylase in mouse skin and adhesion of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells, and in inhibition of the specific binding of [3H]-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to a mouse skin particulate fraction. This paper reports the strong activation of protein kinase C in vitro by each isomer of teleocidins A and B at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. Detailed studies on the potent tumor promoting activities of the two teleocidin A isomers and four teleocidin B isomers in a two-stage carcinogenesis experiment on mouse skin are also reported, including histological findings on the tumors. Treatment of mice with 100 micrograms of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and then 2.5 micrograms of any one of the six isomers of teleocidins A and B twice a week induced tumors in 80.0 to 91.7% of the mice with 2.8 to 5.2 tumors/mouse in week 30. Scarcely any tumors developed in groups treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or any one of the isomers of teleocidins A or B alone. The percentages of incidences of mice bearing papillomas and carcinomas in the six groups treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene plus one isomer of teleocidins A or B were 90.9 to 98.3% and 1.7 to 9.1%, respectively. These results indicate that all of the isomers of teleocidins A and B have potent tumor promoting activity on mouse skin, irrespective of the structural differences between teleocidins A-1 and A-2, and among the four isomers of teleocidin B. The structure-activity relationship of teleocidins A and B is discussed on the basis of our recent results. Based on the structures of related compounds, we propose a revised numbering system for compounds of the teleocidin class.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1988

Purification and analysis of the structure of alpha-galactosidase from Escherichia coli.

Alpha-Galactosidase, the product of the melA gene, was purified from a strain of Escherichia coli harboring a plasmid carrying melA, which over-produced the alpha-galactosidase. An apparent molecular weight was determined to be 50 kDa. The amino acid composition of this enzyme was determined. The result indicates that this enzyme is a hydrophilic and acidic protein. We have subjected the purified enzyme to 20 cycles of N-terminal sequence analysis. This verified the translation start site of the melA gene and the predicted N-terminal sequence.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical studies of complement receptor (CR1) in cases with normal sinus mucosa and chronic sinusitis.

The complement receptor (CR1) in the maxillary sinus mucosa of normal patients and in cases of chronic sinusitis was studied with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase, avidin-biotin peroxidase and immunofluorescent methods. CR1 was localized on the ciliary surface and in the cytoplasm of the covering epithelium in both normal controls and the cases of chronic sinusitis. CR1 tended to be denser in the mucosa of chronic sinusitis than in normal mucosa. CR1-binding capacity was also studied with the immunofluorescent method, using C3b-conjugated zymosan. Although CR1 did not bind to C3b in vivo, it was found to bind to C3b in the normal maxillary mucosa when it was treated with C3b-conjugated zymosan. CR1-binding capacity could not be detected in the mucosa from cases with chronic sinusitis, indicating that CR1 was already bound to activated C3b in these cases.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1988

Intraoperative colonoscopy in the detection of nonpalpable colonic lesions--how to identify the affected bowel segment.

The development and widespread use of the colonic fiberscope has led to the identification of early colonic cancers which, being small and flat, are not palpable by intraoperative examination of the exterior of the intestine. Standard operation for cancer is required when snare polypectomy is insufficient, or when it is considered that the lesions would be resected incompletely by electrocautery. We report on the use of intraoperative colonoscopy in 11 patients to identify small lesions and to maintain an adequate distance from the lesions. Intraoperative colonoscopy allows lesions to be detected rapidly, safe operations, and a decrease in operation time.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

Lymphangioma of the large intestine. Report of a case.

Lymphangiomas of the large intestine have been reported more frequently since the development and widespread use of the colonic fiberscope. It is possible to endoscopically diagnose lymphangiomas because they are lustrous and smooth on the surface, pliable on compression, and half of them have a stalk or a waist at the base. Lymphangiomas of the colon and rectum under 20 mm in diameter can be safely resected by electrocautery, thereby avoiding unnecessary operation.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Subcutaneous pedicle flaps for scalp defects.

We report the reconstruction of scalp defects by subcutaneous pedicle flaps with transverse pedicles. These flaps are supplied by vascular networks in the upper and lower parts of the epicranial aponeurosis. We have used this technique in 12 cases and have found it to be a useful alternative to other methods of scalp reconstruction.

Adult↗