Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Sakai.
A modified transposition flap is described which is useful in closing triangular defects with sides of unequal length and avoids the unnecessary sacrifice of skin to tailor the defect to the flap. The technique is illustrated with four cases.
Four 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-O-acetylphorbol-type tumor promoters--teleocidin, phorbol ester, aplysiatoxin, and ingenol ester--are superposed in an attempt to understand their common biological activity on the assumption that they may bind to the same receptor site. A method using three-dimensional computer graphics was applied for superposing molecules and receptor mapping. The main feature of the method is that molecules are superposed in terms of spatial arrangement of physical and chemical properties but not in terms of the atomic positions as in conventional methods. This led to successful extraction of common structural features required for potent tumor-promoting activity: two hydrogen donors, a hydrogen acceptor, and a large lipophilic group. Their mutual spatial arrangements are most important for biological activity.
Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded on the skull corresponding to the (left) SI area by (right) superficial radial nerve stimulation. Amongst the various components of the SEP, special attention was directed to the negative component (N15) with a latency of approximately 15 ms. Changes in this potential followed by conditioning stimulation of the ipsilateral (right) hemisphere were observed and the following results were obtained: (i) when conditioning stimuli were applied to the contralateral (left) superficial radial nerve, the ipsilateral (right) thalamic VPL nucleus and the ipsilateral (right) sensory cortex, the amplitude of N15 decreased to 65-80% of the control level at C-T intervals less than 100 ms and (ii) following functional elimination of the unilateral sensory cortex by KCl application, the amplitude of N15 recorded at the opposite side significantly increased. In this condition, the inhibitory effects of the ipsilateral thalamus and contralateral peripheral nerve disappeared. From these observations, ipsilateral homologous cortex may well have an inhibitory influence upon the near field potential (N15) of the SEP.
A teleocidin A-2 derivative, 26 (2'-aminoethylthio)-tetrahydroteleocidin A-2, induced ornithine decarboxylase in mouse skin and inhibited the specific binding of [3H]12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate to a mouse skin particulate fraction with a potency that was weaker than that of teleocidin A-2 and stronger than that of (-)-indolactam-V. To obtain antibodies, 26 (2'-aminoethylthio)-tetrahydroteleocidin A-2 was covalently linked to bovine albumin with a carbodiimide and the resulting conjugate used for immunization of rabbits. Antibodies directed toward teleocidin were produced as measured by neutralization of teleocidin's capacity to stimulate arachidonic acid metabolism in rat liver cells (the C-9 cell line). An 125I-labeled ligand was prepared by reaction of the same derivative with radiolabeled Bolton-Hunter reagent. The antibodies bound this radiolabeled hapten, and the binding increased progressively with repeated immunizations. After absorption of the rabbit IgG with a goat anti-rabbit IgG, binding was reduced greater than 95%. The binding of the 125I-labeled ligand to the antibodies of one rabbit had an apparent average association constant of 2.84 x 10(9) M-1 at 0 degrees C. The serologic specificity of the antiserum was characterized by measuring the inhibition of binding by several teleocidins of varying structure as well as by other tumor promoters and toxins. The rank order of inhibitory activity expressed as concentration required for 50% inhibition (IC50) was for 26 (2'-aminoethylthio)-tetrahydroteleocidin A-2'(0.56 pmol) greater than teleocidin A-1 (6.5 pmol) greater than or equal to teleocidin A-2 (7.3 pmol) greater than (-)-indolactam-V (3.7 nmol) greater than teleocidin B-4 (13 nmol). Maitotoxin, aplysiatoxin, palytoxin, mezerein, okadaic acid and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate did not inhibit at the levels tested.
Reconstruction of a large defect of the vermilion border of the lip poses difficult problems. It may result in a vermilion border deformity or reduce the buccal cavity. In this article we describe reconstruction of the vermilion border of the lower lip using bilateral island vermilion flaps pedicled by labial arteries, a modification of Kapetansky's double-pendulum flaps. We found that our technique was a very reliable and versatile alternative to other local flaps.
We report on the reconstruction of the lateral metatarsal head defect by a distally based lateral plantar artery island flap using the flexor digitorum brevis muscle. The pedicle for this flap was provided by a retrograde lateral plantar artery. We found that this flap was relatively simple and easy to perform and could cover large defects better than any other conventional local flap.
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The neuromuscular blocking actions of several constituents extracted from Japanese-sino medicine, aconite, were compared in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm muscle preparations. Hypaconitine (HAT) was more potent than aconitine (ATN), mesaconitine (MAT) and deoxyaconitine. Lipohypaconitine, coryneine and lipodeoxyaconitine were less effective. Lipoaconitine, benzoylmesaconine, higenamine, kobusine and chasmanine were not effective. The blockades by HAT, ATN and MAT were not recovered by neostigmine. The mechanisms of blockade were similar to that of aconite crude extract. These results suggest that aconite action is dependent on HAT, a main constituent.
We present a case of successfully resected alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing primary lung cancer. AFP in the serum decreased from 289 ng/ml to an undetectable level after a curative operation. The resected tumor was stained positively by the immunohistochemical study for AFP. The histologic appearance of the tumor was well-differentiated adenocarcinoma similar to that of fetal gut epithelium and apparently different from extragonadal germ cell tumor. This case provides evidence that lung cancer cells possess the potential to produce AFP.
Three cases of cerebellar hemorrhage and 5 of cerebellar infarction, diagnosed by brain CT, were examined from the early phase of the onset. All of our cases were mild to moderate in severity and were cured satisfactorily within 3 to 8 weeks of medical treatment. Dizziness and nausea were the commonest symptoms and cerebellar and other CNS signs could be detected only for a short period in some of the cases. Although neuro-otological examinations, especially gaze nystagmus, eye tracking and positional nystagmus tests, were useful for diagnosing the central vestibular lesion, no definite indication could be drawn in order to differentiate between cerebellar hemorrhage and infarction. Therefore, it is considered difficult in such mild cerebellar strokes to establish correct diagnosis by physical examinations alone. It was concluded that if central vestibular disorder is suspected, prompt brain CT examination is necessary in order to diagnose mild cases of cerebellar vascular diseases.
Twenty-two patients who had not received previous chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer were treated with a combination of adriamycin (30 mg/m2, i.v., on day 1), cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2, i.v., on day 1, and 350 mg/m2, i.v., on day 8), vincristine (1 mg/m2, i.v., on day 1) and methotrexate (20 mg/m2, i.v., on days 1 and 8). This chemotherapy regimen was repeated at 3- or 4-week intervals. Among 20 evaluable patients, none showed complete response but 14 (70%) showed a partial response, with a median response duration of 8 weeks (range, 4-20 weeks). The median survival time for the 20 evaluable patients was 28 weeks. Toxicity included mild to moderate hematologic toxicity, alopecia and nausea and vomiting. This combination chemotherapy appears to be suboptimal for the treatment of small cell lung cancer, with no complete responses and a relatively short median survival time.
1,12b-Cis-1-p-nitrobenzoyloxyindoloquinolizidine as well as 14 beta-p-nitrobenzoyloxyyohimbine possessed potent calcium channel blocking activities in the isolated rat perfused mesenteric vascular bed. Introduction of the bulky substituents to C-14 of yohimbine or to C-1 of indoloquinolizidine resulted in enhancement of the calcium channel blocking activities. By comparison of chemical structures between yohimbine and indoloquinolizidine, it was found that the E ring of yohimbine had no association with the calcium channel blocking activities. On the other hand, alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonistic activities which were tested in the rat mesenteric vascular bed and in the rat vas deferens, respectively, were markedly reduced by such introduction of the bulky substituents to yohimbine and indoloquinolizidine. From these results, it is expected that chemical modifications of indoloquinolizidine at the C-1 position provide new types of agents with calcium channel blocking activities.
A 13-year-old boy visited our hospital with the chief complaint of right undescended testis and retardation of secondary sexual characteristics. Central hyposmia and sensorineural hearing loss were found. The plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were low and the reaction to LH-releasing hormone (RH) test was poor. After repeated LH-RH tests, a good response in plasma levels of LH and FSH was observed. The diagnosis of Kallmann's syndrome was made from the above findings. The testicular biopsy specimen from him showed immature testis without any developed Leydig or Sertoli cells. To induce secondary sexual characteristics, 2000 I.U. of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was administered to him twice a week for 3 months. The administration of hCG resulted in elevation of plasma testosterone level, swelling of testes, increase of pubic hair and spurt of height.
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Subjects in a cefotaxime (CTX) single administration group and in a CTX + fosfomycin (FOM) administration group were randomly selected for a comparative study on the utility of each product against respiratory tract infections. Overall improvement rates were 81.3% in 32 cases of the CTX single administration group, and 75.6% in 41 cases of the CTX + FOM concomitant administration group. No statistical difference was observed. As for adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory test results, pyrexia, thrombocytopenia, increases in GOT and GPT, and increase in GPT were observed in 4 cases of the CTX single administration group, while angialgia, increases in GOT and GPT (3 cases), and increases in BUN, (totalling 5), were observed in the CTX + FOM group. However, all the symptoms were transient, and none was serious in nature.
Efficacy and safety of ofloxacin (OFLX), a new quinolone antibacterial agent, were investigated in cases of sexually transmitted male urethritis and cervicitis. Chlamydial infections occupied a large part of the patients enrolled. This study was conducted in 29 institutions. A total of 1,126 patients with gonococcal, chlamydial or non-gonococcal non-chlamydial infections were enrolled in the study. The general dosing regimen of oral OFLX was 100 mg t.i.d. or 200 mg t.i.d. for 14 consecutive days. Along with the clinical efficacy evaluated by doctors in charge, therapeutic and clinical efficacies were determined according to standardized evaluation criteria. The evaluation of therapeutic efficacy was based on bacterial eradication. On the other hand, clinical efficacy was determined upon the improvement in causative bacteria, WBC counts in smear (or initial urine) specimens and urethra/cervical discharges. Clinical efficacy was determined on 7 and 14 days after starting the medication, except for gonococcal infections for which the efficacy was determined on Day 3 and Day 7. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Efficacy evaluation by standardized criteria Therapeutic efficacy rates in gonococcal infections were 97.9% (93/95) on Day 3 and 100% (119/119) on Day 7. In chlamydial infections, the rates were 77.7% (363/467) on Day 7 and 93.6% (392/419) on Day 14. Chlamydial urethritis rated 94.8% (239/252) and cervicitis 91.6% (153/167) on Day 14. Clinical efficacy rates in gonococcal infections were 63.2% (60/95) on Day 3 and 95.8% (114/119) on Day 7. In chlamydial infections, they were 70.0% (327/467) on Day 7 and 89.7% (376/419) on Day 14. Chlamydial urethritis rated 88.5% (223/252) and cervicitis 91.6% (153/167) on Day 14. Clinical efficacy rates in non-gonococcal non-chlamydial infections were 93.3% (97/104) for male urethritis and 65.9% (27/41) for cervicitis on Day 14. 2. Clinical efficacy determined by doctors in charge A total of 1,028 cases, 752 urethritis and 276 cervicitis cases, was evaluated by doctors in charge. Clinical efficacy rates were 90.3% for urethritis and 92.4% for cervicitis. 3. Safety Safety evaluations was conducted in 1,087 patients. Side effects were observed in 23 patients among them (2.12%). None of them were deemed serious. General laboratory examinations were conducted for 169 patients. Abnormal findings were seen in 11 patients (6.51%) or 13 cases, all of which were minor. The results of this multi-center clinical trial demonstrated that OFLX is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of sexually transmitted disease (STD), both gonococcal and chlamydial infections.
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