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Sergey Vyazovkin

Publications and source records attributed to Sergey Vyazovkin.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Comparative relaxation dynamics of glucose and maltitol.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the utility of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for determining activation energy landscape in amorphous pharmaceutical systems throughout the sub-Tg and Tg regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DSC was employed to determine the effective activation energies (E) of the relaxation in sub-Tg and Tg regions as well as the sizes of cooperatively rearranging regions in glassy maltitol and glucose. RESULTS: It has been found that in the sub-Tg region E decreases with decreasing T reaching the values approximately 60 (glucose) and approximately 70 (maltitol) kJ mol(-1) that are comparable to the literature values of the activation energies for the beta-relaxation. In the Tg region E decreases (from approximately 250 to approximately 150 kJ mol(-1) in maltitol and from approximately 220 to approximately 170 kJ mol(-1) in glucose) with increasing T as typically found for the alpha-relaxation. From the heat capacity measurements the sizes of cooperatively rearranging regions have been determined as 3.1 (maltitol) and 3.3 (glucose) nm. CONCLUSIONS: DSC can be used for evaluating the energy landscapes. The E values for maltitol are somewhat greater than for glucose due to the added impeding effect of the bulky substitute group in maltitol. The comparable sizes of the cooperatively rearranging regions suggest a similarity of the heterogeneous glassy structures of the two compounds.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
PubMed2006

Thermal analysis.

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Biochemistry↗
PubMed2006

Probing beta relaxation in pharmaceutically relevant glasses by using DSC.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to demonstrate the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in detecting and measuring beta-relaxation processes in amorphous pharmaceutical systems. METHODS: DSC was employed to study amorphous samples of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), indomethacin (IM), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDA) that were annealed at temperatures (T(a)) around 0.8 of their glass transition temperatures (T(g)). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to measure beta-relaxation in PVP. RESULTS: Reheating the annealed samples gives rise to annealing peaks that occur below T(g). The peaks cannot be generated when annealing below the low temperature limit of beta-relaxation. These limits are around 50 degrees C for PVP, -20 degrees C for IM, and 30 degrees C for UDA. The effective activation energy (E) of the sub-T(g) relaxation has been estimated for each T(a) and found to increase with T(a), reflecting increasing contribution of the alpha-process. Estimates of E for beta-relaxation have been obtained from the lowest T(a) data, and are as follows: 68 (PVP), 56 (IM), 67 (UDA) kJ mol(-1). CONCLUSIONS: DSC can be used for detecting beta-relaxation processes and estimating its low temperature limit, i.e., the temperature below which amorphous drugs would remain stable. It can also provide comparative estimates of low temperature stability of amorphous drugs in terms of the activation energies of the beta-relaxation.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Physical stability and relaxation of amorphous indomethacin.

The alpha- and beta-relaxation processes in amorphous indomethacin have been studied by using differential scanning calorimetry. The beta-process has been detected as a small endothermic peak that emerges before the glass transition step when reheating samples previously annealed in the temperature region -20 to +5 degrees C. The activation energy of the beta-process is approximately 57 kJ mol(-1), and shows an increase with increasing temperature as it approaches the glass transition region. In the glass transition region, the effective activation energy of relaxation decreases with increasing temperature from 320 to 160 kJ mol(-1). Heat capacity measurements have allowed for the evaluation of the cooperatively rearranging region in terms of the linear size (3.4 nm) and the number of molecules (90). The beta-relaxation fades below -30 degrees C, which provides a practical estimate for the lower temperature limit of physical instability in indomethacin. It is demonstrated experimentally that nucleation of indomethacin takes place in the temperature region of the beta-relaxation.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2004

Thermal analysis.

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Calibration↗
PubMed2003

Model-free treatment of the dehydration kinetics of nedocromil sodium trihydrate.

The conventional model-fitting approach to kinetic analysis assumes a fixed mechanism throughout the reaction and therefore may be too simplistic for many solid-state reactions. Even for a reaction with a fixed mechanism, model fitting sometimes cannot identify the reaction model uniquely. The alternative model-free approach is sufficiently flexible to allow for a change of mechanism during the course of a reaction and therefore provides a more realistic treatment of solid-state reactions kinetics. The application of model-free analysis to solid-state dehydrations was investigated using the two consecutive dehydration reactions of nedocromil sodium trihydrate. The complexity of such reactions is illustrated by the variation of the activation energy as each dehydration proceeds. The 1st-step dehydration follows one-dimensional phase boundary kinetics until the fraction dehydrated reaches 0.75, and deviates from this model thereafter. The 2nd-step dehydration follows a mechanism intermediate between two- and three-dimensional diffusion that cannot be described by any of the common models. The model-free approach is clearly better than the model-fitting approach for understanding the details of these solid-state dehydration reactions.

Desiccation↗
PubMed2003

Crystallization kinetics of amorphous nifedipine studied by model-fitting and model-free approaches.

The crystallization of amorphous nifedipine was studied using hot-stage microscopy (HSM), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The kinetic data obtained from DSC studies under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions were examined using both model-fitting and model-free approaches. Evaluation of 16 different models showed that model A4 (Avrami-Erofeev, n = 4) to be most appropriate for crystallization in the conversion range 0.05-0.80. This choice was based on the goodness of fit, the residual plots, and the guidance provided by the model-free approach. The model-free approach indicated that the activation energy decreases slightly as the crystallization proceeds. This variation of the activation energy with the extent of conversion determines the range of conversion over which a model can be fit, and the magnitude of the activation energy helps in the selection of the best model. The model-free approach gives much better predictions than the model of best fit and allows the experimental kinetic function to be numerically evaluated. At the early stage (alpha = 0-0.6), the numerically reconstructed model is almost identical to A4, but gradually approaches A3 (Avrami-Erofeev, n = 3) as the crystallization progresses (alpha = 0.6-0.8) and deviates from both models near the end of the reaction. This behavior may be explained by the relative contributions of nucleation and crystal growth at different stages of the reaction.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
PubMed2002

Hard to swallow dry: kinetics and mechanism of the anhydrous thermal decomposition of acetylsalicylic acid.

The methods of thermal analysis and mass spectrometry have been used to study the kinetics and mechanism of the anhydrous thermal decomposition of acetylsalicylic acid. Both thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show that decomposition occurs in two steps. Mass-spectrometric analysis of the residue left after the first decomposition step (approximately equal to 60% mass loss) suggests that in the condensed phase, acetylsalicylic acid decomposes by first forming linear oligomers that are further converted into cyclic oligomers. Model-free isoconversional kinetic analysis of TGA traces has been used to determine global activation energies as a function of the extent of reaction. This method of analysis has also been used to make kinetic predictions of shelf life at ambient temperatures (20-40 degrees C) under anhydrous conditions for acetylsalicylic acid. Our estimate of a shelf life of 876 days (approximately equal to 2.4 years) for 5% decomposition at 30 degrees C is in good agreement with shelf lives of 2-3 years that are stamped on over-the-counter aspirin bottles. Hence, this approach can be used to systematically study the factors that determine the decomposition kinetics of aspirin and may be used for express screening of pharmaceuticals in order to identify those with desirable thermal stabilities.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2002

Dehydration kinetics of neotame monohydrate.

The dehydration of neotame monohydrate was monitored at various temperatures by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), hot-stage microscopy (HSM), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), and (13)C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy. This work emphasizes kinetic analysis of isothermal TGA data by fitting to various solid-state reaction models and by model-free kinetic treatment. The dehydration of neotame monohydrate follows the kinetics of a two-dimensional phase boundary reaction (R2) at 40-50 degrees C with an activation energy of 75 +/- 9 kJ/mol, agreeing well with 60-80 kJ/mol from model-free kinetics. At a low heating rate in DSC and TGA, neotame monohydrate undergoes dehydration to produce anhydrate Form E, which then converts to anhydrate Form A, followed by the melting of A. Neotame monohydrate under dry nitrogen purge at 50 mL/min undergoes partial isothermal dehydration at 50 degrees C to produce neotame anhydrate Form A. When neotame monohydrate is heated very slowly from 50 to 65-70 degrees C over 24 h, pure Form A is obtained.

Dehydration↗