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Biomedical subjects

T Axéll

Publications and source records attributed to T Axéll.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Impact of consumption factors on soft tissue changes in Swedish moist snuff users: a histologic study.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relative importance for histologic changes of the oral mucosa of such consumption factors as years with regular snuff use, hours and grams of daily snuff use. The material consisted of biopsies of selected cases (two groups) from 252 regular snuff users of whom 184 used exclusively loose and 68 exclusively portion-bag packed snuff. Group 1 comprised 8 pairs of loose snuff users with large differences (14-45 yr) in terms of years with regular habit. Many years of snuff use did not per se seem to result in tissue changes which significantly differed from changes seen in subjects with only a few years of loose snuff use. Group 2 included 5-10 subjects showing the lowest and highest daily consumption of loose or portion-bag packed snuff. Among those with a low daily consumption, portion-bags seem to be related to less pronounced changes than loose snuff. High daily snuff use was associated with relatively somewhat more pronounced epithelial surface changes but histologic differences between the two habit groups were difficult to identify.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Occurrence of oral mucosal lesions, the influence of tobacco habits and an estimate of treatment time in an adult Swedish population.

A randomly selected sample of adult subjects living in a Swedish county was examined for the presence of oral mucosal lesions. Nine hundred twenty (920, 95%) of the selected sample of 967 subjects, comprising approximately 0.75% of the total adult population, were examined; lesions were registered in 596 of the 920. The registered prevalence levels were very similar to earlier reported data from Sweden. Further, the relationship between tobacco habits and mucosal lesions was analyzed and the time needed for treatment of the lesions was estimated. A positive correlation could be demonstrated between tobacco use and leukoplakia, frictional white lesion, coated tongue, hairy tongue and excessive melanin pigmentation, while a negative correlation was observed for geographic tongue and aphthous ulcers. Approximately 70% of the lesions were associated with local irritants (e.g. dentures, tobacco, cheek and lip biting etc.). The estimated mean time required for registration and management of oral mucosal lesions in the studied group of adults was 24 min per individual.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of some electrical methods for objective assessment of oral mucosal dryness.

The aim of this study was to evaluate different electrical methods (resistance, capacitance and polarization resistance) for clinical and objective registration of dryness of the oral mucosa. Measurements were performed in the buccal and in the lip mucosa before and every 30 min after injection of 1.0 ml methylscopolamine nitrate submucosally in the labial sulcus in 10 healthy subjects. For comparison, a dental mirror sliding test was used. About 1 h after injection, all three methods showed statistically significant decreases of values in the buccal as well as the lip mucosa except for polarization resistance, which showed such a difference only in the buccal mucosa. The deviations from initial values in the individual subject showed no agreement between measurements with the electrical instruments and oral mucosal dryness assessed with the mirror test. Neither was there any agreement between values registered with the three electrical methods. It seems that these electrical methods are not suitable for registration of individual variations in oral mucosal dryness.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of a new device for measuring oral mucosal surface friction.

For the objective measurement of oral mucosal dryness or moisture, a device registering oral mucosal surface slide friction has been developed. Two prototypes, Probe I and Probe II, have been tested. Probe I was constructed for initial testing of the method and was based on easily accessible electrical components. Probe I was computerized and developed for more accurate registration and also for easy handling. Reliability and validity tests were carried out on Probe I as well as on Probe II. In repeated in vitro measurements, the probes showed good reproducibility. Validity was assessed on healthy subjects injected with methylscopolamine nitrate submucosally in the labial sulcus. All subjects experienced a pronounced oral mucosal dryness within half an hour. Registration with the surface slide friction device showed maximum friction values 1-2 h after injection. These reliability and validity tests gave good results for both Probe I and Probe II, but Probe II had several practical advantages over Probe I. Both probes were considerably more sensitive to changes of the oral mucosal surface than the previously used simple friction test using the back of a mouth mirror.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Occurrence of recurrent herpes labialis in an adult Swedish population.

In a general adult Swedish population recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) was found in 3.1% of 20,333 people aged 15 years and more. When a 2-year history of RHL was considered, the total prevalence was 17.4%. There was a slight predominance among women. Only slight differences were found between various age groups. In a fraction of the population studied, constituting 2771 people, interviews concerning cases of RHL were carried out. Thus, for example, most individuals referred to only one herpes episode a year; the most prevalent site of eruption was an area comprising both the vermilion border and the skin, and most of the lesions showed healing times of 5-8 days. The prevalence of RHL was influenced by some tobacco habits. Thus, the prevalence was significantly lower among smokers, and especially among pipe smokers, than among people with no tobacco habit at all. Snuff dipping did not seem to influence the prevalence values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Classification and clinical manifestations of oral yeast infections.

By tradition oral candidosis has been classified into acute pseudomembranous (thrush), acute atrophic, chronic atrophic, and chronic hyperplastic types. However, pseudomembranous candidosis is not always acute but may last for many months. Furthermore, the value of using the term atrophic to describe an erythematous area is limited. Moreover, some of the various types have been associated with other clinical entities, which appear to have a combined bacterial/mycologic etiology. A revision of the classification should be based on the use of clinical terms, and in a previous study of multifocal oral candidosis, erythematous, plaque-like, and nodular forms were identified. A revised classification of oral candidosis which considers these aspects could be as follows: acute types: pseudomembranous and erythematous; chronic types: pseudomembranous, erythematous, plaque-like, and nodular; and Candida-associated lesions: denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis, and median rhomboid glossitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Comparison between saliva stimulants and saliva substitutes in patients with symptoms related to dry mouth. A multi-centre study.

Five saliva stimulants (Salivin, V6, Mucidan, Ascoxal-T and Nicotinamide) and three saliva substitutes (Saliment, Salisynt and an ex témpore solution) were evaluated in 106 patients with a low salivay flow rate and a long history of dry mouth. The study was carried out as a multi-centre study in collaboration with ten different hospital dental clinics. The participants were interviewed about their complaints related to dry mouth. Each patient was then asked to use the eight saliva stimulants and substitutes for 14 days in a randomized order with one week intervals. After the 14-day-periods, the patients were interviewed about the effect of the various products by a dentist using a standardized questionnaire. Paraffin-stimulated whole saliva samples were collected after each test period. The most serious complaints among the patients were, besides dryness of the mouth, difficulty to talk and difficulty to swallow. The results showed that all eight tested saliva stimulants and substitutes relieved the symptoms of dry mouth to some extent. However, V6 chewing gum and Salivin lozenge were ranked as the two best products by the patients. No long-term effect was found with any of the eight products on the flow rate of paraffin-stimulated whole saliva.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Clinical picture of snuff dipper's lesion in Swedes.

In a survey of oral mucosal lesions in 20,333 individuals, 1,466 individuals with snuff dipper's lesions were found. All but seven of the snuff dippers were men, which gives a prevalence of snuff dipper's lesions of 15.9% in the male population. Four degrees (1-4) of clinical severity of lesions were allotted. There were positive correlations between the severity of the lesion and years with the habit, daily amount of snuff used, time with contact between snuff and the oral mucosa, and, to some extent, with age of the snuff dipper. There were differences between the different brands of snuff as regards the severity of the snuff dipper's lesion produced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Clinical appearance of lesions associated with the use of loose and portion-bag packed Swedish moist snuff: a comparative study.

The aim of this study was to register and compare clinical oral mucosal lesions and gingival recessions associated with the use of two different smokeless tobacco products, loose snuff and portion-bag packed snuff. Selected for the study were 252 men (mean age 36.3 yr) of whom 184 (mean age 36.0 yr) used exclusively loose snuff and 68 (mean age 36.9 yr) exclusively portion-bag snuff. Oral mucosal lesions were registered according to a four-grade clinical scale. There was a significantly larger proportion of less pronounced lesions, Degrees 1 and 2, among the users of portion-bag snuff compared with the users of loose snuff. This was also valid when differences in consumption data were considered. Smokeless tobacco-associated gingival recessions were found in 42 (23.5%) subjects among the users of loose snuff and in 2 (2.9%) subjects among the users of portion-bag snuff. The results of this study support previous preliminary assessments that clinical changes of the oral mucosa and the gingival margin are less pronounced among those who use portion-bag snuff than among those who use loose snuff.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Histologic changes associated with the use of loose and portion-bag packed Swedish moist snuff: a comparative study.

This study was to identify histologic tissue changes in the oral mucosa and to compare them in specimens from users of loose can-packed and portion-bag-packed moist snuff. The material consisted of biopsies from 252 regular snuff users. 184 using exclusively loose and 68 portion-bag snuff. An array of structural changes appearing in different combinations were identified among the 252 specimens. Two major patterns were recognized based on changes in the surface layer. Type 1 was characterized by an increased epithelial thickness with vacuolated cells and frequent chevron type changes. Type 2 showed a variably thickened surface layer with evidence of keratinization. Based on these findings, 14 carefully matched pairs of loose and portion-bag users were analyzed and compared. Loose snuff users showed predominantly histologic Type 1 changes while portion-bag users showed more histologic Type 2 or only very discrete changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Few aspects with regard to diagnosis and treatment of oral candidiasis].

The present article discusses the rationale for daily use of the combination of amphotericin B (4 lozenges) intraorally and chlorhexidine denture disinfection (15 min) extraorally vs separate use of polyene antimycotics or chlorhexidine in the treatment of infectious denture stomatitis, frequently considered as the most common form of oral candidiasis. The amphotericin B/chlorhexidine combination has been standard treatment of infectious denture stomatitis in Scandinavia for more than 15 years. It was found to be the best among several regimens tested in 100 patients after a series of subjective and objective parameters had been used to record treatment efficacy in controlled clinical and microbiological studies. The fact that there was a significant (5% level) higher reduction of yeasts cultured from the palatal mucosa with this drug regimen than with the other modalities tested, including chlorhexidine lozenges/chlorhexidine denture disinfection, suggested that no drug interaction of clinical importance took place in vivo with this combination. Therefore, care should be taken when extrapolating findings on drug interaction in vitro (12) to the in vivo situation, and guidelines for treatment of oral candidiasis should preferably be based on controlled clinical and microbiological trials with patients. In order to prevent relapse of oral candidiasis after treatment, local and general predisposing factors should be eliminated, in particular reestablishment of plaque on the fitting side of the denture should be prevented.

Candidiasis, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Occurrence of leukoplakia and some other oral white lesions among 20,333 adult Swedish people.

Among 20,333 people aged 15 yr or above, the prevalences of oral white lesions were calculated based on a partly new classification. The total prevalences were: cheek and lip biting 5.1%, smoker's palate 1.1%, frictional white lesion 5.5%, snuff dipper's lesion 8.0%, preleukoplakia 6.4% and leukoplakia 3.6%. If all these lesions were pooled, the prevalence was 24.8% and if only the entities cheek and lip biting and smoker's palate were excluded it became 20.1%. If weak "preleukoplakic" lesions were excluded from the latter figure the prevalence for marked whitish lesions was 13.8%. Etiologic and clinical subgroups of leukoplakia showed the following prevalences: using the etiologic subgroups, idiopathic leukoplakia 0.7% and tobacco-associated leukoplakia 2.9%; using the clinical subgroups, homogeneous leukoplakia 3.5% and non-homogeneous leukoplakia 0.3%. The intraoral location pattern of leukoplakias was preponderant in the commissural and buccal areas. However, the idiopathic leukoplakias showed a somewhat more even distribution and thus a more similar distribution to that of oral cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Oral lichen planus--a demographic study.

Among 20,333 Swedish people aged 15 yr and above, oral lichen planus was found in 1.9%; 1.6% among men and 2.2% among women. The highest prevalences were found in the age groups 65-74 and 55-64 yr. Reticular lichen planus was the most common type, found in 77.3%. The most prevalent intraoral location of lichen planus was the buccal mucosa, which was affected in 92%. Lichen planus was less prevalent among smokers than among non-smokers, except for the plaque type, which showed no difference in this context.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A new method for intraoral patch testing.

Intraoral patch testing was performed in 3 subjects, 2 of whom were contact sensitive to nickel. Maxillary acrylic plates carrying test pieces containing 66% nickel were applied for 48 h, and readings were performed 24 h after removal. Few if any clinical signs were detected, but biopsies from the mucosal contact sites showed lichenoid reactions. Biopsies from control sites showed no or slight non-specific inflammatory reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Device for measuring dryness of the oral mucosa. A preliminary report.

Following a survey of various methods used to register oral mucosal dryness--xerostomia--a new device, measuring surface slide friction, has been developed. An instrument is devised to register the twisting force as well as the force at right angle to the surface. Calculations from these parameters give standardized expressions for friction between the probe of the instrument and the oral mucosa. By using methylscopolamine, 3 students were tested for dryness in the mouth. The instrument showed a peak of increased friction after about 60 min. The reliability was tested by using various water solutions of a macromolecule as interphase between the instrument and the steel plate. These preliminary tests indicated that the instrument showed values of good validity and reliability. It should be further developed for registering oral mucosal dryness in clinical settings.

Equipment and Supplies↗
PubMed1986

Oral health care: more than caries and periodontal disease. A survey of epidemiological studies on oral disease.

A review is presented of the epidemiology of the common oral diseases other than dental caries and periodontal disease. It appears that conditions, such as masticatory dysfunction, traumatic dental and maxillofacial injuries, impactions and oral mucosal disease each normally affect one-quarter to one-half of populations examined. To plan and achieve total oral health care, it is, therefore, necessary to take these conditions into account. As no study to date appears to have registered the total oral health care needs for a given population in either developing or industrialized countries it is suggested that such investigations should be undertaken now by WHO and/or FDI. Only when this total information is at hand can a rational oral health policy be developed.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of a simplified diagnostic aid (Oricult-N) for detection of oral candidoses.

The validity of a simplified diagnostic aid, Oricult-N, for detection of oral candidoses was compared with smears stained according to the periodic acid-Schiff's method. Samples were taken from 80 locations in 36 patients with lesions suspected for candidal infection. There was a statistically significant correlation between the two methods (P less than 0.001).

Adult↗