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T Grande

Publications and source records attributed to T Grande.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Breakdown of intermediate-range order in liquid GeSe(2) at high pressure.

Studies of liquids with tetrahedral coordination, particularly during compression or quenching, have indicated the existence of distinct phases in the liquid state, distinguishable by density and local structure. In systems that exhibit critical phenomena in the supercooled state, anomalous behaviour of the compressibility is also anticipated above the critical point, as revealed by simulations of water. Liquid GeSe(2) is a potentially attractive system for studying both types of phenomena, given its two-dimensional tetrahedral structure and anomalous physical properties (including a density minimum near its melting point). Here we report in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of solid and liquid GeSe(2) at high temperature and high pressure, revealing that the structure of the liquid is sensitive to pressure and that anomalous compressibility is expected. During compression of liquid GeSe(2), the connectivity of the liquid changes from two- to three-dimensional, leading to a breakdown of the intermediate-range order. The gradual change in structure above the melting line may develop to a first-order liquid-liquid transition in the supercooled regime.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

[Therapeutic changes beyond the symptoms - effects of inpatient treatment according to the Heidelberg Structural Change Scale].

The question is discussed how changes concerning the patient's ability to recognize and obtain insight into dysfunctional relationship patterns, life-determining conflicts, and structural vulnerability as well as the readiness to take on the responsibility for the negative effects caused by these may be conceptualized. A model has been developed based on Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD) in which individual problem areas for each patient may be chosen from a list of foci. Changes in these foci are evaluated using the Heidelberg Structural Change Scale which is presented and discussed in detail. This concept is applied to a sample of patients who had been treated in an in-patient setting. It is demonstrated that this method of measuring changes can be used reliably. Furthermore, the changes registered with the structural change scale correlate on an absolute level quite high to the global assessment of outcome through the therapeutic team; this correlation is even higher than the correlation between symptomatic changes and the global assessments. How this concept may be applied in planning, evaluating, and ensuring the quality of psychotherapy is presented in conclusion.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Implantation of bone marrow beneath the kidney capsule results in transfer not only of functional stroma but also of hematopoietic repopulating cells.

Renal ossicles are ossified structures developed after the implantation of a bone marrow (BM) plug beneath the kidney capsule. The authors have investigated the origin of the hematopoietic cells in murine renal ossicles by conducting sex-mismatched implants into Ly-5 congenic mice. BM plugs from transgenic mice provided additional genotypic tracers. Flow cytometry analyses on nonadherent cells from long-term cultures established with ossicles excised at 17 to 40 weeks postimplantation evidenced the presence of 5% to 70% of donor-derived myeloid cells. The genetic analysis of the day 12 colony-forming unit (CFU-S(12)) population in ossicles excised at 10 to 40 weeks postimplantation revealed that 16% to 93% of the colonies were of donor origin. Moreover, we describe for the first time the presence of long-term repopulating cells of donor origin in ossicles excised at 10 to 19 weeks postimplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Residual damage of lymphohematopoietic repopulating cells after irradiation of mice at different stages of development.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repopulating properties of bone marrow (BM) from mice irradiated during embryonic and adult stages of development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four-day-old embryos, 17-day-old fetuses, and 12-week-old mice were irradiated with of 1 or 3 Gy of x-rays. At 3 and 9 months postirradiation, the effects generated within the different compartments of repopulating cells (RCs) were evaluated by determining, in a BM competition assay, the contribution of the irradiated precursors to the lymphohematopoiesis of recipients at different times posttransplantation (3, 9, and 15 months). RESULTS: The irradiation of 4-day-old embryos with either 1 or 3 Gy did not produce residual repopulation or differentiation effects within the different RCs assayed. However, significant impairments in RC functionality were observed in mice irradiated on the 17th day postconception or at the 12th week of age. Whereas irradiation of these animals with 1 Gy did not impair the long-term functionality of the very primitive 15-month-old RCs, irradiation with 3 Gy generated sustained impairment in all tested types of hematopoietic progenitors and RCs. Moreover, repopulation data derived from the analysis of recipient BM and thymus strongly suggested that the observed effects were produced within the multipotent pool of lymphohematopoietic RCs. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show the generation of long-term effects in the multipotent RCs of mice irradiated at fetal and adult stages of growth and reveals the normal functionality of the RCs from animals irradiated during the early stages of embryonic development.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The effectiveness of outpatient civil commitment.

The effects of outpatient civil commitment on community tenure and functioning were studied in a group of 20 patients with a history of recurrent hospitalizations, noncompliance with outpatient treatment, and good response to treatment. During the first 12 months of outpatient commitment, patients experienced significant reductions in visits to the psychiatric emergency service, hospital admissions, and lengths of stay compared with the 12 months before commitment. They significantly increased the number of appointments kept with their psychiatrist. It appears that when used judiciously, outpatient civil commitment is a helpful tool in maintaining hospital recidivists in the community.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Improvement of serum lipids and blood pressure during intervention with n-3 fatty acids was not associated with changes in insulin levels in subjects with combined hyperlipidaemia.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of an omega-3 fatty acid concentrate K85 on serum lipids, lipoproteins, insulin metabolism and blood pressure in subjects with combined hyperlipidaemia. DESIGN: After a run-in dietary period of 10 weeks, subjects were randomly allocated to receive either encapsulated K85 (n = 28) or corn oil (n = 29). The intervention was double-blind. SETTING: An outpatient centre in Stavanger, Norway. SUBJECTS: Fifty-seven of 141 individuals, who, after the run-in period continued to meet the inclusion criteria: serum triglycerides of > or = 2.0 mmol L-1 and total serum cholesterol of > or = 6.0 mmol L-1. INTERVENTION: Encapsulated K85, containing 85% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or corn oil, both administered in a daily dose of 4 g for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in metabolic and haemodynamic parameters related to intervention. RESULTS: Serum EPA and DHA increased significantly in the K85 group during the treatment period. The body-mass index remained unchanged. A 28% reduction in serum triglycerides was noted in the K85 group from the first 4 weeks. Total serum cholesterol was significantly reduced with both regimens. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly during the first 8 weeks in the K85 group. Significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures were noted in subjects on K85. The treatment did not affect serum glucose, plasma insulin and proinsulin levels. Insulin:glucose and proinsulin:glucose ratios remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The atherogenic risk profile was improved with K85 in subjects with combined hyperlipidaemia, but n-3 fatty acids supplementation did not affect glucose/insulin homeostasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Analysis of hematopoiesis in mice irradiated with 500 mGy of X rays at different stages of development.

We have investigated whether a relatively low dose of 500 mGy of X rays given as a single acute irradiation at different stages of pre- and postnatal development induces significant changes in the content of femoral hematopoietic progenitors during a 1-year period after irradiation. Data obtained show that, in the case of 4-day-old embryos as well as in 2-day, 8-day and 12-week-old mice, this dose is below the threshold capable of inducing a long-term impairment of hematopoiesis in the mouse. Nevertheless, in mice irradiated at the 13th or the 17th day postconception, a hematopoietic dysfunction consisting of a significant reduction in the proportion of femoral granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) was manifested 1 year after irradiation. Our study confirms that, for most stages of development in the mouse, a single acute X irradiation of 500 mGy is below the threshold dose capable of inducing deterministic effects in the mouse hematopoietic system, although it reveals the induction of a significant impairment in the CFU-GM population when irradiation is given at the late stages of embryonic development.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Augmented expression of cytokines in mouse epidermal tumor cells and its possible involvement in the induction of hematopoietic alterations.

Mice with skin tumors induced either by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene complete carcinogenesis or subcutaneous injection of a carcinogenic keratinocyte cell line showed moderate to severe splenomegaly as a result of an increase in splenic granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid (erythroid burst-forming unit) progenitors. To test whether the observed alterations involve the release of soluble factors by the epidermal component of skin tumors, we used an in vitro approach. A series of mouse keratinocyte cell lines resembling progressive stages of skin carcinogenesis and carrying either normal or activated Ha-ras genes were assayed for their ability to produce the factors required for colony growth of hematopoietic-committed progenitors. Only the conditioned media of keratinocytes harboring activated Ha-ras genes were able to support the growth of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units. In addition, preincubation of normal bone-marrow cells with conditioned media from the transformed epidermal cell lines stimulated in vitro amplification of the hematopoietic granulocyte-macrophage progenitor compartment. To identify the possible factors responsible for the activities detected in the keratinocyte-conditioned media, we performed northern blot analysis using the cytokine probes granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor, interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-3, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The cell lines expressed different cytokine mRNA combinations that positively correlated with the colony-stimulating activity detected in the corresponding conditioned medium. These results suggest that transformed epidermal tumor cells in vivo may alter normal hematopoiesis as a consequence of the production of cytokines that act in autocrine or paracrine loops probably related to tumor growth.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1994

Involvement of the bone marrow stroma in the residual hematopoietic damage induced by irradiation of adult and young mice.

The analysis of femoral hematopoiesis of mice irradiated with 7 Gy x-rays at the age of 1 and 12 weeks evidenced a differential hematopoietic dysfunction in the long term. Significant hematopoietic damage was observed 1 year after irradiation of 12-week-old mice: a marked reduction in the number of hematopoietic progenitors and a severe impairment in the self-renewal capacity of the colony-forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) population. In the case of the 1-week-old irradiated mice, normal values in the femoral hematopoietic progenitors were observed, although a significant impairment in the capacity for self-renewal of the CFU-S population was apparent. The role that the stromal cells played in these hematopoietic failures was investigated by ectopic implantation of bone marrow from the irradiated animals into the renal capsule of nonirradiated mice. Bone marrow implants from both types of donor-irradiated mice developed ossicles that were incapable of sustaining normal values of host hematopoietic progenitors, thus indicating that radiation mediated long-term damage in the hematopoietic lodging capacity of the stromal cells. However, analysis of the number of CFU-S generated per ossicle-derived spleen colony revealed that the irradiation of hematopoietic stromas resulted in an improved self-renewal capacity of lodged unirradiated CFU-S precursors. Our data strongly suggest that the impairment in the long-term self-renewal capacity of the CFU-S population is not a result of the stromal damage. Rather, this stromal damage might actually generate a stimulatory response facilitating the preservation of the low numbers of primitive precursors that survived the irradiation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Residual haematopoietic damage in adult and 8 day-old mice exposed to 7 Gy of X-rays.

Our experiments have focused on the analysis of residual haematopoietic damage in 8-day-old and 12-week-old mice X-irradiated with a single dose of 7 Gy. In the case of the adult mice, analysis of the femoral and splenic CFU-S, CFU-GM and BFU-E showed a persistent depletion of these haematopoietic progenitor cells after irradiation. In contrast, in 1-week-old irradiated mice, a progressive recovery of the femoral haematopoietic progenitors was observed, achieving essentially normal values 1 year after irradiation. The spleens of these mice, however, contained significantly less haematopoietic progenitors than the control group, mainly as a consequence of the size reduction of this organ. In the peripheral blood, normal cellularity values were observed in most cases, although in the adult group a decline in numbers or circulating cells was noted after the first year following irradiation. Long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) established 1 year after the irradiation of adult mice generated poor adherent layers, while confluent stromas were observed in flasks corresponding to 8-day-old irradiated mice. Analyses of the functional activity of granulocytes obtained from either the peripheral blood or LTBMCs revealed that both young and adult irradiated mice produced granulocytes generating high levels of superoxide anion, in relation to age-matched controls. This finding was correlated with a long-term microenvironmental activation which resulted in an overproduction of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

["Mother" and "father" in psychoanalytic case vignettes. On some latent rules in the discourse of psychoanalysis].

Proceeding from the conviction that there is a collective gender-specific unconscious within the community of psychoanalysts which determines latent rules operative in psychoanalytic discourse, the authors have conducted a research project extending over a number of years and systematically examining case descriptions in psychoanalytic journals to see to what extent those latent gender-specific rules are in fact observed in such publications. The project examines the way in which male and female analysts employ the terms "mother" and "father" in these publications and also the frequency and connotations of concepts related to "mother" and "father". Significant differences between male and female analysts become apparent, substantiating the assumption of a collective gender-specific unconscious. The authors conclude that this unconscious finds its way into psychoanalytic therapy, leading to unconscious counter-transference reactions that are acted out rather than worked on.

Countertransference↗
PubMed1992

[Symptom portrayal and initial therapeutic relationship of female and male patients in the initial psychoanalytic interview].

The transcripts of psychoanalytic initial interviews are analyzed in using the "Structural Analysis of Social Behavior" (SASB) by L. S. Benjamin. This instrument was chosen to detect how male and female patients talk about their symptoms, and about previous treatments. The immediate interaction with the interviewer during the dialogue was also described by using SASB. On the basis of only the first patients' utterances after the initial request of the therapists (like "What brings you here?") we can distinguish female and male patients by the quality of the relations described (to the symptoms, the previous physicians, and to the therapist). The sex-specific readiness to establish relationships which becomes apparent in these descriptions can be related to the interview situation itself. In our further argumentation we interpret them as subtle messages to the interviewer. Finally we discuss their inherent potentials and risks for the psychotherapeutic cooperation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The use of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale in detecting substance abuse and antisocial personality.

We evaluated the hypothesis that characterological factors, particularly antisocial personality, influence scores on the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC). Using the Washington University research criteria to establish diagnoses, the following subgroups were defined: subjects who received no psychiatric diagnoses; subjects who received diagnoses other than alcoholism, drug dependence, or antisocial personality; and subjects who received a diagnosis of alcoholism, drug dependence, and/or antisocial personality, alone or in combination with other psychiatric diagnoses. The highest MAC scores were obtained by subjects diagnosed as having antisocial personality without alcoholism or drug dependence and subjects diagnosed with antisocial personality, drug dependence, and alcoholism. Alcoholics without antisocial personality or drug dependence, and subjects with other psychiatric diagnoses scored lowest. Although higher MAC scores were obtained by males, MAC scores greater than 24 correctly classified the greatest number of males and females as alcoholic, drug dependent and/or antisocial. These findings are interpreted as consistent with MacAndrew's reinterpretation of the scale as assessing a dimension of personality, rather than solely a tendency to addiction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Production of humoral factors that stimulate spleen colony-forming units in mice irradiated with moderate doses of X rays.

The production of humoral factors that stimulate spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) has been studied in irradiated mice using an in vivo diffusion chamber assay. The experiments show that a significant release of factors that stimulate CFU-S takes place in the first few days after irradiation with moderate doses of 1.5 or 5 Gy. In contrast, the release of significant amounts of these humoral factors was not seen in animals irradiated with either low (0.75 Gy) or high (10 Gy) doses of X rays. The correlation observed between the production of factors that stimulate the CFU-S and the hemopoietic regeneration kinetics of the irradiated mice suggests that these factors represent part of the physiological regulators controlling the proliferation of CFU-S.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

High-dose versus low-dose metoclopramide in the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis. A randomized crossover study in patients with ovarian carcinoma.

Forty-six patients with ovarian carcinoma who received single drug cisplatin chemotherapy were evaluated for the antiemetic efficacy of two different doses of metoclopramide. Each patient received during the first two courses a 4-hour continuous infusion of either 8 or 0.8 mg/kg in a random order. Total protection from emesis was achieved in 12 (26%) of the high-dose courses and in three (7%) of the low-dose courses of metoclopramide. Major control (one or two emetic episodes) was achieved in seven (16%) and in four (9%) of the courses, respectively. The higher dose of metoclopramide significantly reduced the degree of nausea as recorded on a visual analogue scale. A significant difference between courses 1 and 2 could only be seen when the high-dose treatment was followed by low-dose metoclopramide. The duration of anorexia after the courses was not influenced by the metoclopramide dosage. Side effects were mild. It is concluded that there is a dose-response relationship for the antiemetic effect of metoclopramide.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Psychotherapy institutions and their patients].

This article investigates a number of institutions and private practices involved in the Berlin psychotherapy study from the point of view of their patients and their offerings in the area of therapy. Certain similarities have been found to exist between the institutions in the sex and age structure of the patients as well as in terms of the high level of previous experience with psychotherapy and psychoanalysis and previous medical measures. None of the institutions or practices saw primarily socially privileged patients, as is sometimes maintained. To a considerable degree the people they see live in a destabilized situation or one that is not yet stabilized and enjoy little social certainty (ca. 50%). The rate of the indication for psychotherapy and its actual initiation varies considerably from one institution to another. It runs the spectrum from the municipal counseling services, whose little motivated patients are only open to psychotherapy at all at a rate of 50% (actual therapy 22%) to patients in private psychotherapeutic practices who have gone through a long motivational process and who begin therapy at a rate of 70%. Study of the relationship between the location of the institution and the area in which the patients live shows on the one hand a tendency toward regionalism insofar as institutions are preferred by the patients who live near by. On the other hand, these special institutions are also sought out by patients from more distant locations and from differently structured areas; these patients are represented to the same degree as patients from the immediate area. Although psychotherapeutic institutions are often situated in the "better" residential areas, their patients are by no means only from such privileged areas but from all regions, including those that are socially weak.

Adult↗