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Biomedical subjects

T Grande

Publications and source records attributed to T Grande.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[The Berlin psychotherapy study (decision on indications and the therapeutic reality in various fields of psychotherapy practice].

This article presents concepts, problems, and approaches used in a completed observational study carried out by 47 therapists in analytical/psychotherapeutic private practices and institutions. The diagnostic situation (of 739 patients) and the initial phase of therapy (involving 381 patients) were studied with the help of a comprehensive system of documentation. What is documented here is the patient perspective on the one hand and the perspective of the therapists on the other with regard to numerous self-evaluations and evaluations by others, evaluations that throw light on the diagnostic-therapeutic process from different observational levels. Most of the scales used were developed in the study group. Given the complex structure of the data, new methods of storing and evaluating data had to be found. In addition to the description of the therapeutic reality of a large city, the main goal of the study was to examine the patient-therapist relationship and the prognostic elements it contains since these elements influence the indication for psychotherapy and the possibility of its successful realization and thus have the character of predictors for the course of psychotherapy. A number of other results of the study are presented in the succeeding contributions to this issue.

Berlin↗
PubMed1988

[The initial patient-therapist relation as a predictor of the course of treatment. An empirical study of prognostic factors in psychotherapy].

This article presents the results of investigation of prognostic factors (in terms of the decision concerning indication and the course of therapy) that can be deduced from the initial diagnostic situation involving 739 patients and their therapists within the framework of the Berlin psychotherapy study. Four groups of predictors for the course of therapy can by identified. Of greatest value are a related group of factors that describe the readiness for therapeutic cooperation against a background of feelings of individual self-esteem. Another group of predictors signals an unfavorable course of therapy in the presence of social stress, social incompetence and disintegration combined with avoidance behavior and somatic demands for consideration. The next group of negative predictors includes evidence of anxious-distrustful avoidance of contact and simultaneous helplessness on the part of the patient. A final positive group of indicators is based on a positive evaluation of a biography that has given the patient positive relational experiences and supportive introjects. The complex of therapists' descriptions and patient evaluations confirms the therapists as prognostic experts but allows for the recognition of differentiation in the patients' judgments. The results are discussed from an interactional point of view and with regard to the congruence of the mutual offers made by patient and therapist.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

[Forms of therapeutic working relations].

Five different forms of therapeutic cooperation were identified on the basis of evaluations by therapists and patients of the therapeutic working relationship using a multivariate method; the forms were compared with the diagnostic and prognostic information derived from the initial patient history. Differences were determined on the basis of age, economic situation, and behavior during illness, whereas education in the sense of the Yavis hypothesis and also sex had no predictor function for the quality of the therapeutic working relationship. It could also be shown that the patient's neurotic interaction patterns, readiness for transfer, and concept of illness all carry greater weight in a prognosis for the therapeutic working relationship than the establishment of a diagnosis.

Countertransference↗
PubMed1988

[Patterns of therapeutic cooperation and their relation to results of therapy].

Drawing on 121 cases of inpatient psychotherapy, this study investigates the evaluation of therapeutic cooperation by both patient and therapist and the predictions that can be made about the success of therapy on the basis of these evaluations. The authors discuss four different patterns of therapeutic cooperation that differ in the degree of positive judgment expressed and in relation to correlations and contradictions in the evaluations of the two parties to the dyad. The psychological characterization of these patterns makes it clear that they are specific types of mutual relational offers that correspond with the background of the personality structure of the patient in question. Factors of therapy motivation and expectations with regard to therapy, as well as certain defensive reactions, (e.g., denial) and the social class of the patient play an important role. In the second part of the discussion, the authors study the question of how the evaluations of the therapeutic working relationship and the four relational patterns are connected to results of therapy as determined at the end of therapy as well as in a catamnestic examination; it is shown that the degree of the relationship is dependent on the type of changes (structural vs. symptom-centered) that are measured, as well as on the person (therapist or patient) making the evaluation of success.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[How do patients develop after inpatient psychotherapy?].

The following study examines the attitudes six months after stationary psychotherapeutic treatment of 82 patients examined on a monthly basis. The image presented is consistently positive with regard to improvement in both physical and psychological symptoms, changes in abnormal behavior, the relationship to partners and other people, and with regard to the satisfaction with therapy itself. Complementing the statistical results are citations from lengthy written evaluations by the patients of their stay in the hospital and the influence it has had on their current situation.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1987

Bacterial flora in bottled uncarbonated mineral drinking water.

A quantitative study of bacterial populations in mineral water was carried out. Samples were stored at 6 and 20 degrees C, and the colony counts were determined on tryptone agar plates incubated at 22 and 37 degrees C. Samples were collected from the spring source in sterile glass flasks and from the bottling factory in conventional plastic and glass containers. In both cases, the initial population (10(1)-10(2) cfu/mL water) increased to 10(5)-10(6) cfu/mL after 3 days storage as determined from plate counts incubated at 22 degrees C. The levels reached by this population were similar to those of samples of mineral water obtained at the market stage. Results from plate counts incubated at 37 degrees C showed that populations in samples collected at the bottling factory reached 10(2)-10(3) cfu/mL. No growth was observed in water collected from spring source. Bacterial multiplication was not stopped even when water was stored at 6 degrees C. Caulobacter was the genus found most frequently in both types of samples, followed by Sphaerotilus-Leptothrix. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas fluorescens were frequently found in only two springs, and Pseudomonas putida, Arthrobacter, Aeromonas hydrophilia, and Corynebacterium were isolated less frequently. Janthinobacterium was recovered only once from a single spring. A giant bacterium closely resembling Hyphomicrobium and a budding one similar to Pasteuria were recovered from all samples of a single spring and from some of the commercial samples.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1987

Effect of iopentol on coagulation and platelet function in vitro and in vivo.

The effect on hemostatic parameters of two non-ionic contrast media, iopentol and iohexol in concentrations of 350 mg I/ml, were tested in vitro. The new medium iopentol had similar effects to those of iohexol, both with respect to the intrinsic coagulation system and platelet aggregation. As part of a human pharmacologic study the effects of iopentol on hemostatic parameters were tested in 8 volunteers in vivo. Iopentol induced a slightly decreased coagulability and aggregability in venous blood. It was concluded that the effects were of very little consequence for hemostasis as a whole.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1987

In vitro and in vivo production of CFU-S-stimulating activities after 5-Gy total body irradiation.

In vitro and in vivo production of CFU-S-stimulating activities have been described after 5-Gy irradiation of mice using a diffusion chamber-incubation technique. The experimental results showed that bone marrow obtained 15 min after 5 Gy total body irradiation did not present detectable CFU-S stimulating activity, but was able to produce such activity in vitro within 20 h. Once the activity had been produced, 2.5 h was enough to stimulate the proliferation of CFU-S. When CFU-S were incubated for 20 h in the peritoneal cavities of mice that had been irradiated with 5 Gy immediately prior to the insertion of the chambers, or five days earlier, a marked stimulation of CFU-S turnover was observed, demonstrating the in vivo production of some humoral activity capable of stimulating CFU-S.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Status of indications and therapeutic interaction in dynamic psychotherapy and standard analytic treatment?].

The present study concerns itself with the factors that are important in making an indication-based decision for either dynamic psychotherapy or psychoanalysis. In keeping with the interactional approach of our group, we have considered not only certain characteristics of patients but also particular initial relational patterns in the meeting between therapist and patient that lead to the establishing of indications. Examination of patient characteristics shows that older patients with less education are more likely to enter into dynamic psychotherapy but that therapists tend to be skeptical about the prognosis for therapeutic cooperation. With regard to the interaction of therapist and patient, the following specific contact and relational readiness among patients undergoing dynamic psychotherapy could be determined: These patients emphasize their autonomy by means of an over-compensatory stance in which they reject regression, thus presenting themselves as less needful of help. The therapist reacts to this stance by offering a shorter course of treatment with limited goals and less subordination to an established setting. In the case of psychoanalysis, the situation is reversed. This study further analyzes the elements of personality structure and socio-demographic background behind the relational offer of the groups indicated for treatment. A group of patients for whom there are no indications for psychotherapy is drawn upon for purposes of comparison.

Defense Mechanisms↗