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Biomedical subjects

T Greiner

Publications and source records attributed to T Greiner.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The interaction of murine cytomegalovirus with murine neutrophils: effect on migratory and phagocytic activities.

To investigate the interaction of cytomegalovirus (CMV) with neutrophils, we studied the effects of in vitro incubation of murine neutrophils with murine CMV (MCMV). Neutrophils incubated with MCMV for 4 h had depressed chemotactic activity, mean chemotactic index of 1.34 +/- 1.43 for MCMV-treated neutrophils vs 3.22 +/- 2.11 for controls. Engulfment of latex spheres by MCMV-treated neutrophils was also reduced. These differences were not attributable to loss of cell viability. UV-inactivation of MCMV pools abolished the inhibitory effects of MCMV, indicating that these effects were related to infectivity of the virus. Electron microscopic studies at 4 h demonstrated virus particles within the phagosomes of occasional neutrophils. These studies demonstrate that neutrophil functions can be altered by an in vitro interaction with infectious CMV and suggest that a direct effect of CMV on neutrophils could account for the abnormal neutrophil functions observed during animal CMV infections.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1982

The influence of infant food advertising on infant feeding practices in St. Vincent.

A survey designed to examine the extent to which infant food advertising could be shown measurably to influence infant feeding practices was carried out in St. Vincent in the eastern Caribbean. A questionnaire was administered to mothers of about 200 children one to two years old, nearly a complete sample in each of two towns. Infant food advertising was found to be uncommon. The typical infant feeding pattern, largely a combination of both breast feeding and bottle feeding, had existed for decades. Despite the fact that this was not a very appropriate setting for such a study and that there were a number of methodological constraints, the results of two multiple regression analyses suggested that the more a mother was influenced by infant food advertising, the sooner she began to bottle feed and the sooner she stopped breastfeeding. The cessation of all promotion of commercial infant foods, to the public as well as to health professionals, is called for.

Advertising↗
PubMed1979

Economic importance of breastfeeding.

While an increasing body of research has documented the importance of breastfeeding for infant health, very little research has been done on its economic implications. From an economic perspective, breast milk can in many respects be regarded like any other food commodity. For example, it could be stored in milk banks, and redistributed from areas of surplus to areas of scarcity. But breast milk is inique in that many of its benefits are associated more with its method of delivery than with its physical or nutritional properties per se. In this study based on field work in West Africa, the authors evaluate the economics of breast-feeding versus artificial feeding, but point out that the major impact of breastfeeding at national level is associated with its health-promoting and birth-spacing effects, neither of which are quantifiable at present.

Africa, Western↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iron deficiency anemia in Tarahumara women of reproductive-age in northern Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among Tarahumara women of reproductive age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a representative sample of 481 women aged 12-49 years, residents of Guachochi Municipality, Chihuahua, from June to September 1998. The hemoglobin (Hb) level was measured in capillary blood using the Hemocue technique, and the serum ferritin level in capillary serum spotted on filter paper, in a sub-sample of women. Central tendency and dispersion measures were estimated; the Chi-squared test was used to test differences in proportions and ANOVA and Bonferroni's test for differences in means. RESULTS: Prevalence of anemia (mean Hb +/- S.D.) was 16.1% (140 +/- 16 g/l) and 25.7% (129 +/- 12 g/l) for non-pregnant and pregnant women, respectively. Pregnant women in the 3rd trimester and those who were breast-feeding their children during the first 6 months after delivery had the highest prevalence of anemia (38.5% and 42.9%, respectively). Iron deficiency was responsible for most of the anemia found in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides relevant information for the development of intervention programs to treat and prevent IDA in this ethnic group.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anticancer activity of a lectin-rich mistletoe extract injected intratumorally into human pancreatic cancer xenografts.

BACKGROUND: In single case observations, tumour remissions after intratumoral injections of mistletoe extracts have been described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the antitumour activity of intratumorally (i.t.)-injected lectin-rich mistletoe extract at different dosages and i.t.-injected mistletoe lectin I in comparison to intravenous (i.v.) Gemcitabine and i.t. treatment with placebo in a human pancreatic cancer xenograft. RESULTS: In a preliminary dose-response experiment, the most marked tumour inhibition was induced when mistletoe extract was given at 8 mg/kg body weight (BW) and mistletoe lectin I at 5.3 microg/kg BW. In a second experiment, bi-weekly i.t. injections of mistletoe extract over 8 weeks resulted in a very high antitumour activity with an optimal T/C value (=median relative tumour volume of the test group vs. the control) of 0.4% combined with 3/8 partial and 3/8 complete remissions. Gemcitabine was less active with 2/8 partial and 1/8 complete remissions and an optimal TIC of 4.6%. CONCLUSION: I.t.-injected lectin-rich mistletoe extract should be further evaluated in patients with inoperable locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗