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T Kanemitsu

Publications and source records attributed to T Kanemitsu.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics].

Preclinical studies were carried out on cefotetan (CTT), together with clinical studies in the field of pediatrics. The following results were obtained. A total of 114 clinical isolates that have been stored in the authors' department was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CTT against various bacterial species. Against E. coli, Salmonella, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, the MICs of CTT showed a peak at 0.78 micrograms/ml, and most of the strains were inhibited by a CTT concentration of 6.25 micrograms/ml or less. The MICs for S. marcescens strains showed a peak at 25 micrograms/ml, with 25% of the strains having MICs of 3.13 micrograms/ml or less, and 67% having MICs of 25 micrograms/ml or more. All of the P. aeruginosa strains had MICs of over 100 micrograms/ml. Against all of the tested strains of S. aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium, CTT showed MICs of 12.5 micrograms/ml or more, while all of the strains of S. faecalis were found to have MICs of over 100 micrograms/ml. CTT was administered intravenously to pediatric patients as a bolus injection, and then the concentration of the antibiotic in the serum was determined as a function of time. When the dosage rate was 10 mg/kg, the mean serum levels were as follows; 58.2 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 45.5 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 33.6 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 18.0 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 11.7 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after the injection. The half-life of CTT in the serum at this dosage was thus 2.40 hours. Similarly, at a dosage rate of 20 mg/kg, the mean values at the various times were; 98.6 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 75.6 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 57.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 35.5 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 23.2 micrograms/ml at 6 hours subsequent to the injection. The half-life of CTT in the serum in these cases was 2.73 hours. CTT was drip-infused intravenously over a period of 1 hour, and then the serum concentration of the drug was monitored with the passage of time. Subsequent to the administration of 10 mg/kg, the mean serum concentrations were as follows; 48.8 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 81.5 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 42.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 23.6 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 14.8 micrograms/ml at 6 hours subsequent to the injection. The half-life of CTT in the serum after this intravenous drip infusion was thus 2.13 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of latamoxef in newborn and premature infants].

Latamoxef (LMOX) was used in the treatment and prophylaxis of infections in neonates and immature infants. The following results were obtained. Mean serum concentrations (bioassay) 30 minutes after a single intravenous injection of about 20 mg/kg of LMOX were 49.9 mcg/ml in neonates and 47.3 mcg/ml in immature infants aged 0--3 days, 54.1 mcg/ml in neonates and 60.6 mcg/ml in immature infants aged 4--7 days, 48.9 mcg/ml in neonates and 46.7 mcg/ml in immature infants aged 8--28 days and 62.1 mcg/ml in immature infants aged over 29 days. Six-hour values were 24.1 mcg/ml, 22.5 mcg/ml, 15.9 mcg/ml, 27.2 mcg/ml, 12.9 mcg/ml, 19.1 mcg/ml and 12.8 mcg/ml, respectively. Mean serum concentration half-lives were 6.70 hours in neonates and 8.16 hours in immature infants aged 0--3 days, 3.68 hours in neonates and 5.83 hours in immature infants aged 4--7 days, 3.06 hours in neonates and 4.47 hours in immature infants aged 8--28 days and 2.59 hours in immature infants aged over 29 days. Adequate clinical efficacy can be expected by the intravenous injection of LMOX in doses of 20 mg/kg 1--2 times daily, in neonates and immature infants aged 0--3 days, 20 mg/kg 2--3 times daily, in neonates and immature infants aged 4--7 days and 20 mg/kg 3 times daily, in neonates and immature infants aged 8--28 days. The clinical efficacy of LMOX was good in 5 cases of sepsis (including suspected cases), 5 cases of urinary tract infection, 2 cases of respiratory tract infection and 6 cases of intrauterine infection (including suspected cases). Only a case of respiratory tract infections due to P. aeruginosa was thought to be ineffective. Bleeding tendency was noted in 3 cases, which results from secondary vitamin K deficiency should be checked carefully during the administration of LMOX.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1982

Studies on immune adherence (C3b) receptor activity of human erythrocytes: relationship between receptor activity and presence of immune complexes in serum.

Human erythrocytes (E) have surface receptors for the third component of complement (C3b-IA receptors) which mediate immune adherence haemagglutination (IAHA). We have observed that E from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had imparied or defective C3b receptor (C3b-R) activity when circulating immune complexes (CIC) were found in serum. This phenomenon has been investigated by a newly developed method involving competitive inhibition of IAHA in patients with immune complex diseases. IAHA involving sheep E coated with antibody and complement (EAC), and indicator human E was inhibited by lysates of E with normal C3b-R activity from healthy donors and a monkey. In contrast, the lysates of E from 95% of patients bearing CIC did not inhibit IAHA, which indicated such E had defective or impaired C3b-R activity. This phenomenon was supported by control studies in which IAHA was not inhibited by lysates of E with absent, inactivated or occupied C3b-R. In those patients, in whom CIC disappeared during immunosuppressive therapy, C3b-R activity slowly returned to normal levels. Moreover, it was observed that C3b-R activity of patients' E decreased with the reappearance of CIC during exacerbations of disease. These observations suggest that CIC are carried in vivo by the C3b-R of E as well as those of the mononuclear phagocyte system, and that the E C3b-R may also contribute to the clearance of CIC.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotaxime in neonates and immature infants].

Cefotaxime (CTX) was used in the treatment and prophylaxis of infections in neonates and immature infants. The following results were obtained. 1. Mean serum concentrations (bioassay) 30 minutes after a single intravenous injection of about 20 mg/kg of CTX were 44.5 mcg/ml in neonates and 47.2 mcg/ml in immature infants aged 0-3 days, 45.8 mcg/ml in neonates and 56.4 mcg/ml in an immature infant aged 4-7 days and 40.6 mcg/ml in neonates and 38.1 mcg/ml in immature infants aged 8 or more days. Six hour values were respectively 10.9 mcg/ml, 17.0 mcg/ml, 4.6 mcg/ml, 13.4 mcg/ml, 3.8 mcg/ml and 2.7 mcg/ml. 2. Mean serum concentration half-lives were 3.0 hours in neonates and 3.2 hours in immature infants aged 0-3 days, 1.8 hours in neonates and 3.2 hours in an immature infant aged 4-7 days, and 1.5 hours in neonates and 1.6 hours in immature infants aged 8 or more days. 3. Urinary recovery rates were 0.8-78.0% for 0-6 hours after treatment. 4. Adequate clinical efficacy can be expected by the intravenous injection of CTX in doses of 20 mg/kg 2 times daily, every 12 hours, in neonates and immature infants aged 0-3 days, 20 mg/kg 3 times daily, every 8 hours, in neonates and immature infants aged 4-7 days, and 20 mg/kg 3 to 4 times daily, every 6-8 hours, in neonates and immature infants aged 8 or more days. 5. The clinical efficacy of CTX was good in all 4 cases of sepsis (including suspected case), excellent in 1 case of urinary tract infection, and good in all 4 cases of fever of unknown origin for a cure rate of 100%. 6. Adverse reactions were not noted in any cases.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1982

[Basic and clinical studies on cefmenoxime in pediatric field].

Basic and clinical studies were made on cefmenoxime (CMX) in pediatric field, and the following results were obtained. 1. The antibacterial activity of CMX against clinically isolated and maintained strains was examined. CMX had stronger antibacterial activity than CEZ against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but CEZ had stronger antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. 2. The blood concentrations of CMX, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after a one-shot intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of CMX were 33.6, 15.1, 4.5, 2.5 and 0.6 mcg/ml, respectively, with the half-life of 1.04 hours. 3. The blood concentrations of CMX, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after a 1-hour intravenous drip infusion of 20 mg/kg of CMX were 32.0, 55.2, 8.4, 4.2 and 1.0 mcg/ml, respectively, with the half-lite of 0.96 hour. 4. A complete or partial clinical response to therapy with CMX was obtained in all 10 children with infectious diseases. 5. Bacteriological examination made on 3 patients showed that all bacteria had been eradicated, and that therapy was effective. The bacteria were E. coli in 2 patients and Proteus mirabilis in 1 patient. 6. The side effects produced were neutropenia, eosinophilia and skin eruption in 1 patient, and diarrhea in 1 patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical evaluation of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in pediatric field (author's transl)].

1. The dry syrup of MOM was administered orally to 17 patients mainly with heart diseases at doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. In 17 cases, the serum level was measured and in 4 cases, the urinary excretion rate including the metabolites of MOM. 2. The mean maximal concentrations were 0.54 mcg/ml at 30 minutes for the group of 10 mg/kg treatment and 0.33 mcg/ml at 1 hour for the group of 20 mg/kg treatment. The dose response was not observed obviously in both groups. 3. In each of the cases, the sum of excretion rates of metabolites in the 24-hour urine was about 1%. 4. MOM was administered clinically to 39 cases with respiratory tract infections and the overall efficacy rate was 85%. 5. In this study, 5 strains of S. pyogenes were isolated and the eradication rate was 60%. 6. Although severe side effects were not observed, gastrointestinal abnormalities like diarrhea and vomiting were seen in 3 cases. 7. Any pediatric patient did not refuse taking.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

[The experimental and clinical studies on cefsulodin in the pediatric field].

A new cephalosporin cefsulodin (CFS) was studied basically and clinically and the following results were obtained. 1. The serum levels of 25 mg/kg of CFS administered intravenously were 39.5 mcg/ml after 30 minutes, 22.6 mcg/ml after 1 hour, 11.6 mcg/ml after 2 hours, 6.0 mcg/ml after 4 hours and 2.1 mcg/ml after 6 hours. The half life from serum was 84 minutes. 2. Clinical response on 4 cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections were all good. 3. The slight elevations of GOT, GPT were observed by the drug administrations in 1 case. From the above results, CFS was effective drug to P. aeruginosa infections by intravenous administration of 25 mg/kg of CFS.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotiam in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)].

The fundamental and clinical studies on cefotiam (CTM) were performed in the field of pediatrics, and the following results were obtained: 1. The peak MIC's of CTM against Gram negative rods such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Proteus were 1.56 mcg/ml. The MIC distribution against S. aureus was almost equal to the conventional cephalosporin antibiotics. The MICs against P. pseudomonas and Serratia were over 400 mcg/ml. 2. The mean serum levels of CTM after bolus intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg were 59.9 mcg/ml after 15 min., 30.0 mcg/ml after 30 min., 15.6 mcg/ml after 1 hour. 3. Administration of CTM to 6 pediatric patients produced the clinical responses which were good in all 6 cases and the bacterial effects of eradication in 3 cases and superinfection in the 2 cases in the 5 cases from whom the organism were isolated. No side effect was observed. From the above results, it is considered that a bolus injection of CTM 25 mg/kg t.i.d. to q.i.d. is a safe and useful treatment for pediatric cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Examination of blood levels and urinary excretion of cefmetazole in the mature and immature neonates (author's transl)].

1. Cefmetazole was administered to mature and immature neonates for the purpose of treatment and prophylaxis of infections, and the blood level was examined. The mean blood level (moni-trol I standard) of cefmetazole after a single administration, 20 mg/kg intravenously, were 63.9 mcg/ml in 0 to 3 days old neonates and 57.4 mcg/ml in 4 to 7 days old neonates after 30 minutes, and 24.2 mcg/ml and 12.4 mcg/ml, respectively, after 6 hours. 2. The mean half-life of the blood level was 5.42 hours in 0 to 3 days old neonates and 2.55 hours in 4 to 7 old neonates. 3. The urinary excretion was varied, but approximately 80% of the administered dose seemed to be excreted during 0 to 12 hours. 4. Cefmetazole is seemed to be clinically effective by a single dose of 20 mg/kg giving twice daily in every 12 hours in 0 to 3 days old neonates, a dose of 20 mg/kg giving three times daily in every 8 hours in 4 to 7 days old infants, and a single dose of 20 mg/kg giving 3 to 4 times in every 6 to 8 hours in older than 8 days old neonates.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Study of cefroxadine in pediatrics regarding clinical efficacy and serum levels (author's transl)].

Basic and clinical evaluations of cefroxadine were carried out in children, and the following results were obtained. 1. Cefroxadine 20 mg/kg was administered to 9 children with heart disease for the prophylaxis against infections before undergoing cardiocatheterization and cardioangiography, and serum levels were determined. Peak levels reached after 30 minutes in 4 of the 9 cases, with a mean peak level of 22.5 mcg/ml and after 1 hour in 5 cases, with a mean peak level of 16.2 mcg/ml. Half life was 3.1 hours in the former group in a 6-hour blood sampling (1.04 hours in a 2-hour sampling) while in the latter group it was 1.37 hours. 2. Clinical responses were evaluated in 56 children comprising 23 cases of pharyngitis, 8 of tonsillitis, 13 of scarlet fever, 10 of urinary tract infections and 2 of impetigo. Fifty of these cases had excellent and good responses showing a efficacy rate of 89.3%. 3. From 42 of the cases, 43 strains were isolated as causative organisms. Major organisms included 27 strains of S. pyogenes, 9 of E. coli and 3 of S. aureus. As for bacteriological responses, all strains were eradicated. 4. No severe side effects were observed except for diarrhea of 1 cases and eosinophilia of 2 cases. Furthermore, no children refused to take cefroxadine dry syrup.

Cephalosporins↗