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Biomedical subjects

T Kazama

Publications and source records attributed to T Kazama.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Trial of in vitro fertilization via epididymal duct aspirated sperm].

We made a trial of our method by which sperm are collected directly from epididymal duct, then subjected to in vitro fertilization. The subjects were a total of 22 cases comprising 14 of obstructed azoospermia and 8 of severe oligoasthenozoospermia, on which the surgery was performed 26 times. Using the microscope, an epididymal duct was directly punctured to make a suction of the fluid or was slightly incised to make a suction of the outflow. Sperms thus collected were preincubated for 4 to 6 hours, then subjected to in vitro fertilization. Condition of collected sperms; 32 x 10(4)-15300 x 10(4) sperms were obtained in real number. Sperm motility rate was 0-82%, averaging 25.0%. Sperm forward motility were fairly good in 18 of 26 test cases. Sperm condition was so poor as to make the insemination impossible in 4 test cases (16%). Fertility rate for cases of obstructed azoospermia was 53% (8/15 test cases) and 63% (55/87 eggs) in the test cases and the number of eggs, respectively, compared with 33% (2/6 test cases) and 5.4% (2/37 eggs), respectively for cases of oligo-asthenozoospermia. Pregnancy; Successful pregnancy was obtained in 2 of the cases of obstructed azoospermia, in each of which sperms were collected from the head of the epididymis, then passed into the maternal body by zygote intra fallopian tubal transfer (ZIFT); with the one case resulting in uneventful delivery in November 1991 and the other in a miscarriage. The above results suggested the present method would become an epoch-making approach in the treatment of severe male infertility.

Epididymis↗
PubMed1992

[A study on the mass screening system for prostatic diseases].

Between 1984 and 1990, a mass screening for prostatic diseases was carried out on men over 55 years old in cities, towns and villages in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. The total number of subjects examined in the primary study was 1,232, which was 17.7% of the males over 55 years old in these areas. The primary study consisted of inquiry concerning urination, digital examination of the prostate, transabdominal ultrasonography, and determination of tumor markers. A secondary study was indicated for 100 subjects (8.9%) suspected to have prostatic cancer and 169 (15%) suspected to have benign prostatic hypertrophy, but only 92 (35%) of them were actually examined. Prostatic cancer was histologically diagnosed in 3 subjects (0.3%), and benign prostatic hypertrophy was established in 56 subjects (4.5%), who were referred to urologists. Though a high percentage of the population was covered by the primary study the percentage of subjects who received the secondary study among those in whom it was indicated was low. This probably was a reason for the low detection rate of prostatic cancer. An improved system is considered to be needed to increase the efficiency of mass screening for prostatic diseases.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical study on primary aldosteronism--localization of adrenal tumors].

Seven cases of primary aldosteronism were experienced during the 12 years in the Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital. The majority of cases were between 32 and 64 years old with a mean of 51 years. Two cases were male and 5 were female. Hypertension was observed in 6 cases, but one case had normal blood pressure. Hypokalemia was recognized in 6 cases. The plasma level of aldosterone was high in all cases and all the cases showed low levels of plasma renin activity. Concerning the localization of the lesions, CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging and adrenal scintigraphy revealed an accuracy rate of 100%, each. Therefore, these imaging techniques are very useful tools for identifying the locality of the adenoma. On the other hand, the accuracy rates of adrenal venous aldosterone assay and ultrasonography were 83 and 60%, respectively. The cases with rather short duration of hypertension before surgery returned to normal in blood pressure earlier after the operation than the other cases.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical alterations in basement membrane components of squamous cell carcinoma.

To investigate alterations in the basement membrane (BM) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we investigated 20 tumors. Four had the cytologic characteristics of Bowen's disease (SCC-BD) and 16 did not have them (SCC-NB). Tumors were studied immunohistochemically by double immunofluorescent staining by using mouse monoclonal antibodies to the core protein of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and chondroitin 6-sulfate glycosaminoglycan (Ch6S) as well as rabbit antiserum to laminin (LN) and type IV collagen (C-4). In well-differentiated and highly keratinized SCC-NB, LN, C-4, and HSPG could be detected in the tumor nest BM and showed no loss of continuity, but they were largely lost in poorly differentiated and poorly keratinized SCC-NB. This suggests that poorly differentiated SCC-NB cause greater enzymatic degradation of BM components than well-differentiated SCC-NB. Ch6S was detected in parts of the BM of SCC-BD, but it was absent in all SCC-NB examined. It appears that SCC-NB have lost the ability to synthesize Ch6S, and that SCC-BD degrade Ch6S although they continue to produce it. Thus, it appears that in SCC the BM is qualitatively different from that of normal epidermis, and that SCC-BD can be distinguished from SCC-NB by the Ch6S content of the BM.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of cyclosporin A on male reproduction in rats].

Effects of cyclosporin (Cs) on male reproduction in rats were examined. A dose-dependent decrease of the sperm counts in the cauda epididymis was observed 6 weeks after Cs was administered. A significant decrease of sperm motility was also observed in the each Cs-treated group in any observational period after Cs injection, which suggested an injury to epididymis by Cs. A slight damage of the seminiferous tubules was demonstrated 6 weeks after administration of 40 or 60 mg/kg of Cs. No change in serum levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone was demonstrated throughout the experiment. But serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone were significant high in any observational period except 6 weeks after Cs injection. It was concluded that Cs gave injuries to both spermatogonia and epididymal function in rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study of epidermal growth factor in the urine of the patients with urological malignant tumor].

We measured epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the urine of 54 untreated patients with malignant tumors (7 prostatic cancer, 11 renal tumor, 31 bladder cancer, 3 renal pelvic tumor, 2 ureter tumor) in the Toyama Medical & Pharmaceutical University Hospital. We also measured EGF in the urine of 77 normal subjects (43 males, 34 females). Urinary concentration of EGF in normal subjects decreased with increasing age. It was significantly higher in females than males (p less than 0.05). Urinary concentration of EGF in patients with prostatic cancer or renal tumor was similar to that in normal subjects. The patients with prostatic cancer controlled by estrogen showed a slightly high level of EGF in the urine. In patients with renal tumor, urinary concentration of EGF decreased after nephrectomy. Patients with bladder cancer showed a significant decrease of EGF in the urine compared with normal subjects (p less than 0.05), and urinary concentration of EGF in the patients with bladder cancer of high stage was remarkably low. Low concentration of EGF in the urine was recognized in patients with renal pelvic tumor or ureter tumor. However, the relationship between the decrease of urinary concentration of EGF in these urothelial tumors and the growth of these tumors remains to be elucidated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Relationship between reactivation and tumor markers in prostatic cancer].

Twenty-seven cases of reactivated prostatic cancer between 1979 and 1990 were investigated. Reactivation took place in the form of local aggravation in 3 cases, occurrence or aggravation of metastasis to bones in 8 cases, and in both forms in 16 cases. The elevation of tumor markers preceded the clinical findings in 11 cases (41%). In 75% of the cases with occurrence or aggravation of metastasis, the elevation of tumor markers preceded the clinical findings. This showed that tumor markers were useful in most cases for early detection of reactivation. However, in 3 cases with local aggravation, the clinical findings preceded the elevation of tumor marks. Therefore, it is also important to check the clinical findings at the follow-up. At the time of reactivation, positive rates of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) and prostatic specific antigen (PA) were 78%, 83% and 80%, respectively. Thus gamma-Sm and PA appeared to be more reliable than PAP for monitoring of prostatic cancer.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of male infertility: current situation and problems].

We evaluated the results of treatment for male infertility in 883 patients who visited our clinic. The efficacy rate and pregnancy rate after varicocele operation were higher than those after drug therapy. Drug therapy was effective only in patients with a sperm count of 10-40 x 10(6)/ml. The percentage of swollen sperm in hypoosmotic swelling test elevated after operation in varicocele patients. The hypoosmotic swelling test seems to be useful to show the improvement of sperm function by treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Primary testicular carcinoid tumor with teratoma: a case report].

We report a case of primary testicular carcinoid with teratoma and review the literature. A 68-year-old man was hospitalized with an asymptomatic left testicular mass. Left radical orchiectomy was performed under a diagnosis of testicular tumor. Histologically, the tumor showed a typical appearance of teratoma with carcinoid components. Barium studies, computed tomographic scan could not demonstrate any other tumor anywhere else. He is now being followed at our clinic without any evidence of recurrence.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Volume change of the prostate and seminal vesicles in male hypogonadism after androgen replacement therapy.

Before and after androgen replacement therapy prostatic and seminovesicular volume was estimated by means of transrectal ultrasonography in 13 hypogonadal men. Volume of the prostate (p less than 0.001) and seminal vesicles (p less than 0.01) significantly increased after treatment with testosterone enanthate. However, the plasma level of testosterone remained abnormally low. These results indicate that volume determination of the prostate and seminal vesicles by means of transrectal ultrasonography is suitable for evaluating the adequacy of androgen replacement therapy in male hypogonadism.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of anti-androgen therapy for benign prostatic hypertrophy by using transrectal prostatic ultrasonography].

We evaluated the effect of anti-androgen therapy for benign prostatic hypertrophy on 33 patients who had undergone transrectal prostatic ultrasonography both before and after administration of anti-androgenic drugs in our clinic. Patients treated with chlormadinone acetate (CMA) orally, or TSAA-291 intramuscularly showed a significant reduction in the prostatic weight. However, this reduction was not correlated with the degree of symptomatic improvement. In addition, patients who showed no symptomatic improvement despite a reduction in the prostatic weight often had prostatic stones or small inflammatory cell infiltrations in their prostatic tissue. Therefore, the coexistence of prostatitis or bladder neck obstruction with prostatic hypertrophy may contribute to the lack of symptomatic improvement in such patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical study of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism].

Clinical study of eight cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was performed. These cases consisted of five prepubertal cases and three postpubertal cases induced by prolactin-producing hypophyseal tumor. The former five cases had the chief complaints of incomplete development of their external genitalia. The chief complaints in three postpubertal cases were decreased libido in two and infertility in one. The average testicular volumes were 7.8 ml and 20 ml in prepubertal and postpubertal cases, respectively. The basal levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) were within the normal limit in most cases and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were low in most cases. There were no differences between the levels of these hormones in prepubertal cases and those in postpubertal cases. The range of basal level of prolactin in blood was 92 mg/ml to 1,070 ng/ml in the postpubertal cases. The basal level of testosterone in blood was low in all cases. Most cases had rather good responses of LH and FSH after the administration of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. The plasma level of testosterone was elevated after the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in most cases. The appearance of sperm in the semen was observed after the hCG therapy in only one of the prepubertal cases. On the other hand, all the postpubertal cases showed almost normal findings in semen analysis after hormone therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case of primary aldosteronism due to unilateral multiple adrenal adenomas].

A 64-year-old female with hypertension, hypokalemia visited our hospital. Endocrinological examinations showed a low level of plasma renin activity and high level of plasma aldosterone. Circadian rhythmicity of plasma aldosterone level was recognized. No change in the plasma level of aldosterone was observed after loading of standing and administration of furosemide. Adrenal scintigraphy, adrenal venous aldosterone assay and CT scan revealed two tumors in the left adrenal. The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism by left adrenal tumors was made from the above findings. A left adrenalectomy was performed and pathological findings showed two adenomas, which had no capsule either and were surrounded by normal adrenocortical tissue. Blood pressure normalized after surgery and the plasma levels of aldosterone and plasma renin activity were normalized.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

[Adenosquamous carcinoma of the skin--ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies].

Adenosquamous carcinoma, which arose on the face of a 83-year-old woman was studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. The tumor was composed of squamoid cells and mucinous cells including signet-ring cells. Electron microscopically, the tumor cells developed numerous microvilli on the cell surface, and had tonofilaments, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretory granules of a mucinous type in the cytoplasm. The signet-ring cells had a large intracytoplasmic cavity containing fine fibrillar, mucin-like substance. Occasionally observed were intercellular masses, around which the tumor cells formed hemidesmosome-like and basal lamina-like structures. Immunohistochemical staining revealed foci of positive reaction for laminin surrounding the tumor cells. The tumor cells displayed positive stainings for stratified-epithelial keratins, but not for simple-epithelial keratins. From these findings, it was concluded that the present tumor might be a carcinoma of squamous cell origin, showing a mucinous metaplasia.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Differential distribution and ultrastructural staining of oxytalan and elastic fibers in the periodontal ligament of Alligator mississippiensis.

We have investigated ultrastructural cytochemical properties of elastic elements in Alligator periodontal ligaments decalcified with EDTA and stained with 1) the tannic acid-uranyl acetate (TA-UA) method for elastin in combination with elastase digestion; 2) the high iron diamine-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (HID-TCH-SP) method with prior treatment of specimens with either monopersulphate or cupric-sulphite reagent for the localization of disulphide- and/or sulphydryl-containing material (i.e., oxytalan fibers); and 3) HID-TCH-SP alone for sulphated complex carbohydrates. Many microfibrils accumulated to form either large or small bundles. Large bundles having a diameter of 2.50 +/- 1.10 microns (mean +/- SD; n = 50) each showed an apico-occlusal distribution, although small bundles measuring 0.63 +/- 0.13 microns (mean +/- SD; n = 50) in diameter each were exclusively localized in interstitial areas rich in vessels and nerves. The former bundles always lacked TA-UA reactivity and represented oxytalan fibers; the latter bundles frequently contained TA-UA-reactive elastase digestible components and were similar in appearance to immature elastic fibers or elaunin fibers. HID-TCH-SP after oxidation strongly stained both the oxytalan and elastic fiber microfibrils but stained the amorphous elastin very weakly or not all. In nonoxidized specimens, there was no definite HID-TCH-SP staining of microfibrils and the amorphous elastin, although adjacent matrix proteoglycans stained consistently. These results indicate that although there is a marked difference in the distribution and size of oxytalan and elastic fibers in Alligator periodontal ligaments, their associated microfibrils lack stainable sulphate groups but are enriched with disulphide and/or sulphydryl groups, as has been described in mammals.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed1989

Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of human hair keratins, especially hair matrix proteins.

Human hair keratins are composed of hair fibrous proteins (HFP) forming 10-nm filaments and nonfilamentous cysteine-rich hair matrix proteins (HMP); these proteins are highly cross-linked by disulfide bonds. In order to obtain high-resultional separation of HFP and HMP by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis according to isoelectric point (IP) in the first dimension and molecular weight (MW) in the second dimension, these proteins were converted to S-carbamoylmethylated (SCam) derivatives with nonionizable iodoacetamide; this treatment hardly modified the electrophoretic mobility. SCam-HFP were separated into polypeptides with MW 41.5-59 kD (IP pH 5.1-6.8). SCam-HMP were subdivided into two groups; 14 polypeptides of acidic HMP with MW 15-28 kD (IP pH 5.0-7.0) and 12 polypeptides of basic HMP with MW 18.5-28 kD (IP pH 7.8-8.8). Variation in electrophoretic patterns among hair samples obtained from 15 persons in four Japanese families was found in acidic HMP, but not in HFP in basic HMP. The present method appears to be very suitable for the biochemical analysis of human hair keratins, especially HMP of nonfilamentous proteins.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

Effect of enzyme digestion on anionic sites and charge-selective permeability of dermo-epidermal junction.

To study components of anionic sites on the lamina densa of the dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ) and to assess the effect of removal of sialic acid or glycosaminoglycans on its charge-selective permeability, epidermal sheets, whose dermis had been removed by treatment with dithiothreitol, were digested with heparitinase, chondroitinase ABC, hyaluronidase, or neuraminidase. They were then stained with polyethyleneimine for demonstration of the anionic sites or incubated in a medium containing native anionic ferritin for tracer experiments. The anionic sites were completely removed after heparitinase digestion. Although the numerical density of the sites was not altered, their electron density was decreased after chondroitinase ABC digestion. The other enzymes had no effect on the sites. In the tracer experiments, heparitinase or neuraminidase increased the number of tracer molecules penetrating into the lamina lucida of the epidermal sheet, while the other enzymes had no effect on it. These data indicate that heparan sulfate, which is a main component of the anionic sites, plays an important role in the charge-selective permeability of the DEJ, whereas chondroitin sulfate, which seems to be contained in the sites, does not, probably because of its small amount. These data also indicate that sialic acid, which is not a main component of the anionic sites demonstrated with the cationic probe, has a role in the permeability function.

Animals↗