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Biomedical subjects

T M Arendorf

Publications and source records attributed to T M Arendorf.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Seasonal variation of acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis in South Africans.

OBJECTIVES: To examine seasonal variations in the presentation of acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) in a previously unstudied population in Cape Town, South Africa. DESIGN: A descriptive study of all presenting cases of ANUG at a health center over 6 years; patients were examined at one point in time. SETTING: A clinic-based cross-sectional study was carried out among patients presenting routinely to the oral medicine clinic at the University of the Western Cape. Patients at this clinic were mostly colored and black people, and were of low socioeconomic status. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All patients presenting to the periodontal clinic were examined during the period from 15 March 1992 to 15 March 1998 and interviews were conducted. A comprehensive clinical intra-oral and peri-oral examination was carried out using a dental mirror and blunt probe by three trained calibrated dental examiners. The minimum criteria for inclusion as an ANUG patient were painful, bleeding gums with irreversible destruction of the interdental papillae (cratering) and marginal gingiva. Patients with multiple small ulcerations not restricted to the gingiva, but including other oral sites such as the tongue and buccal mucosa were diagnosed as herpetic stomatitis. Other distinguishing characteristics of ANUG included presence of a pseudomembrane, odor, a strange taste in the mouth, and hypersalivation. Swabs and biopsies taken to verify the diagnosis when necessary. If there was any doubt as to the diagnosis of the lesion it was not included among the ANUG cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Presence of ANUG. RESULTS: Among the 19944 patients presenting for periodontal treatment, 684 were found to have ANUG. The ANUG patients consisted of 58% males; 73% of the ANUG patients were between the ages of 5 to 12 years. The majority of ANUG patients presented during the summer (55.4%), 27.7% in autumn and 8.4% during both winter and spring. Significant differences were evident between the numbers seen during the different seasons. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a significant seasonal variation in the occurence of ANUG in Cape Town, South Africa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Oral soft-tissue manifestations as presenting symptom/sign of HIV infection.

This prospective study reports oral manifestations noted in 17 patients as the first indications of HIV infection, and serves to remind health workers of the need to examine the oral soft tissues thoroughly. This study also demonstrated that other HIV-associated oral lesions are often seen in addition to the presenting symptom or sign, which was highly variable and not lesion-specific. Appropriate management of the patient after recognition of the significance of these signpost oral lesions could affect quality of life, influence the course of the disease and reduce the risk of transmission. Dentists need to be alert to and knowledgeable about these lesions which will become more prevalent as the numbers of HIV-positive persons increase in South Africa.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

Oral manifestations of HIV infection in 600 South African patients.

Oral lesions associated with HIV infection, as classified by the EC-Clearinghouse on Oral Problems related to HIV infection and the WHO Collaborating Centre on Oral manifestations of the immunodeficiency virus, were studied in 600 consecutive HIV-infected patients in Cape Town, South Africa. One or more lesions were seen in 60.4% of cases. Combined candidal lesions were evident in 37.8%, hairy leukoplakia in 19.7% and combined gingival/periodontal lesions in 8.5% of patients seen. Lesions less commonly recorded include oral ulceration (2.9%) and Kaposi's sarcoma (1.5%). The clinical range of lesions seen is similar to those reported elsewhere, but socio-cultural differences allowed no reliable comparison. More than a quarter of our patients had oral soft tissue discomfort necessitating treatment; in 3.3% these were the presenting symptom. This indicates a potential major public health concern requiring education in recognition and appropriate referral and management.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

Intergroup comparisons of oral lesions in HIV-positive South Africans.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are any differences in the oral manifestations of sub-groups of persons with HIV. These data could provide information for planning of oral health promotion and prevention programmes. DESIGN: A comparative inter-group cross-sectional investigation of the oral manifestations of HIV. Ethnic, gender and sexual orientation differences were taken into consideration. SETTING: Three large general hospitals that offer comprehensive medical investigations and care to persons with HIV. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 485 HIV-positive adults participated. Clinical examination and, where necessary, swabs or smears of lesions for microbiology, biopsies for histology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of lesions, associated signs, incidence and type of micro-organisms. RESULTS: A total of 485 HIV-positive persons were examined over a period of 3 years consisting of 225 Blacks, 191 Coloureds (persons of 'mixed' descent) and 69 Whites. Data were analysed using, where relevant, the chi 2 test or Fisher's exact test. Heterosexual males revealed a higher prevalence of all oral lesions combined when compared with heterosexual females. A similar finding was evident when HIV-associated periodontal diseases was compared in these two groups. Homosexual males had a higher prevalence of candidal infections than heterosexual males. Coloured heterosexuals had a higher prevalence of oral lesions combined than black heterosexuals. All these results showed statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The study tends to show that different patterns of prevalence emerge when inter-group comparisons are made of oral soft tissue diseases evident in HIV-infected South Africans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Proteus syndrome: association with gingival hyperplasia.

A 9-year old Black boy with gigantism of the hands and feet, and recurrent gingival hyperplasia, diagnosed as Proteus syndrome is presented. The oral manifestations of this syndrome are described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of gingival hyperplasia associated with Proteus syndrome.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Effects of cannabis smoking on oral soft tissues.

The oral effects of cigarette smoking have been well documented but the effects of cannabis smoke on the oral environment have been poorly documented. Three-hundred cannabis/tobacco/methaqualone smokers were examined. Two control groups consisting of 152 tobacco- and 189 non-smokers respectively were examined similarly. Health of the oral tissues and oral dryness was recorded. Lesions present included leukoedema, leukoplakia and numerous others. The only significant differences between lesions and conditions noted in cannabis users and controls occurred with respect to leukoedema, dry mouth and traumatic ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Itraconazole and fluconazole in oropharyngeal candidiasis.

Itraconazole and fluconazole are two relatively new anti-fungal agents which are being used successfully in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis. The pharmacology of these two drugs and their use in clinical studies are discussed in this review.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1992

Review of the effects of cannabis smoking on oral health.

Cannabis is a drug which is abused worldwide, and so presents a social and health problem for many countries. There are several cannabis-associated oral effects of importance to the dental practitioner which are reviewed in this article. These include xerostomia (with predisposition to caries and periodontitis), severe gingivitis, oral mucosal disease, and an abnormal stress response upon administration of adrenalin-containing local anaesthetic.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Effect of cannabis use on oral candidal carriage.

The effects of cigarette smoking on oral candidal carriage and candidosis have been well documented but few similar studies on cannabis smoking have appeared, therefore it was felt that such a study needed to be undertaken. In this investigation, the effect of cannabis smoking combined with methaqualone and tobacco on candidal prevalence, density and candidosis was examined in 55 users. Age and sex matched tobacco-smoking (n = 58) and non-smoking controls (n = 50) were examined similarly. The imprint culture technique was used for harvesting Candida. Results showed an increased prevalence and density of C. albicans in cannabis users while there was no apparent difference in the prevalence of candidiasis. However, two subjects presented with oral multifocal candidiasis.

Candida↗
PubMed1990

Benign migratory stomatitis: a literature review and case report.

Although benign migratory stomatitis (BMS) was first reported in the literature as early as 1955 (Cooke), fewer than 40 cases have been recorded. This article reviews the literature and describes a case of BMS involving the ventral surface of the tongue of a 74-year-old male. This is the first South African case to be reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Granulomatous cheilitis. A review and report of a case.

The Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare triad of unilateral facial paralysis, facial swelling, and fissured tongue; often only two of the components are manifest. The occurrence of swollen lips together with the characteristic microscopic appearance is called granulomatous cheilitis, which many believe is the oligosymptomatic form of MRS. This article reviews the literature on granulomatous cheilitis associated with MRS. An unusual case of a swollen upper lip together with a fissured tongue, strongly indicating the oligosymptomatic manifestations of MRS, is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Frequency and density of yeasts in the mouths of malnourished children.

The prevalence and density of yeasts and Candida albicans on the buccal mucosa and dorsum of the tongue have been assessed in 106 children in Crossroads squatter camp, South Africa. They were divided into a malnourished and a control group on the basis of an age/weight chart. No differences were found in yeast prevalence and density in the two groups. However, malnourished children more frequently had a mucosal density of yeasts, and particularly C. albicans, exceeding the upper limit normally found in health, in the absence of clinical infection. Some evidence was found to suggest that yeast density might be influenced by sex as well as nutritional status.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1987

Denture stomatitis: a review.

Denture stomatitis has been reported in 11-67% of complete denture wearers. It is more common on the palatal mucosa and in female patients. In Newton's type I denture stomatitis, where the inflammation remains focal, trauma seems to be responsible. In Newton's types II and III denture stomatitis, where the denture-bearing mucosa is diffusely involved, most workers assert that the aetiology is multi-factorial. Evidence is presented incriminating Candida albicans colonization of the fitting surface of the prosthesis in many cases of denture stomatitis promoted by continuous denture wearing. Allergic and primary irritant reactions to the denture base material, systemic predisposing factors including dietary deficiency and haematological disorders, also play a part. In most cases of denture stomatitis, elimination of denture faults, control of denture plaque and discontinuous denture wearing are sufficient treatment. The routine use of antiseptic or antimycotic drugs seems unnecessary.

Denture, Complete↗