Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T M Kovalenko.
Research of functional changes in the circulating thrombocytes at physiological pregnancy and EPH--gestosis in women was conducted with methods of an electron microscopy and microcoagulogy. Some peculiarities of the release reactions by thrombocytes which determine an extra thrombocyte release of the content from their cytoplasmatic granules have been determined.
In the paper various methods for isolation and cultivation of endothelial cells are compared on the basis of the own data. The comparative analysis of the methods for isolation of endothelial cells from the vessel explant and by enzymatic treatment of aorta or coronary vessels is carried out. The methodical approaches to obtaining pure culture of endotheliocytes are being analysed.
The total protein synthesis was studied in skeletal muscle and spinal motor neurons in experimental thyrotoxic myopathy (TM) mice by using radioautography with 3H-methionine. A significant increase of mean specific radioactivity was found in motor neurons of mice with TM. No statistical differences were established in the level of 3H-methionine inclusions into muscle fibre proteins of experimental and control animals. Thus, the total protein synthesis in motor neurons is significantly increased with TM, while there is no change in the skeletal muscle. Our data suggest that muscular weakness in TM is not the consequence of protein metabolism disorders in skeletal muscle fibres.
The delivery in 66 pregnant women previously operated on the uterus is analyzed. 40% of women with cicatrices on the uterus after cesarean section gave birth to children via the natural route. In order to improve the safety of spontaneous labor, echographic examination of the lower segment of the uterus in labor was carried out in these women, as well as ultrasonic cervicometry and monitoring of the detachment and delivery of the placenta.
The paper deals with a description of the clinical picture and diagnosis of the main types of myodystrophies taking into account formes of muscular damages and a trend of generalization of a pathological process at the early phase of the disease. The clinical picture of endocrine myopathies was also studied. The authors revealed almost the same formula of muscular damages. Muscles of the pelvic girdle and femurs mainly suffered and to a lesser degree--muscles of the shoulder girdle and shoulders. According to the data of the clinical picture, histopathology and electromyography endocrinic myopathies are phenocopies of hereditary myodystrophies.
The authors studied 42 patients with endocrine myopathy. In thyrotoxic myopathy prevalent muscle lesions of the pelvic girdle and femur were found. EMG studies (with the aid of point electrodes), histological and histochemical studies of the muscles in patients with thyrotoxicosis indicate a primary muscular character of the atrophies. The report contains descriptions of pathomorphological and histochemical changes in the muscles in experimental thyrotoxic myopathy.
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Two cases of chronic spinal muscular atrophy simulating the clinical picture of the facioscapulohumeral type and limb-girdle type of muscular dystrophy are reported. Both patients had a waddling gait, Gowers' maneuver in arising, terminal atrophies and pseudohypertrophies of some muscles, marked fasciculations, and fascicular tremor. The electromyogram revealed signs of anterior horn cell disease. Calf muscle biopsy (case 2) revealed 'myopathic' changes.
Prolonged administration of cortisone to sexually immature rabbits and rats, in which m. tibialis anterior was injured preliminarily, inhibited the process of regeneration of the skeletal muscle tissue; this was expressed in the retarded growth of myosymplasts and of the muscle tubes. By the 15th postoperative day experimental rabbits (in comparison with control) showed a lesser area of muscle component of the regenerated tissue. Analysis of the intensity of methionine-H3 incorporation into the regenerating elements of the muscle tissue demonstrated a significant reduction of the label incorporation into the nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins of the myosymplasts of rats to which cortisone was given. Inhibition of the protein synthesis at the early stage of differentiation of the muscle tissue was expressed to a lesser extent than in the mature differentiated muscle fibers of the intact muscle.
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It was shown in experiments on anesthetized rabbits that disturbances in endothelium-dependent relaxant (Ach-induced) and constrictor (hypoxia-induced) vascular responses depended on duration of high hypercholesterol diet and on the structural damage of the vascular wall as well as on changes in the functional activity of endotheliocytes. Short (1 month) hypercholesterolemia led to thickening of the blood-cellular barrier and promoted a decrease in the endothelium-dependent relaxant response to Ach. At the same time short hypercholesterolemia enhanced a constrictor component of the vascular smooth muscle (VSM) response to hypoxia. It may be explained by a different degree in disturbance of synthesis and/or release of the endothelial relaxing and constrictor factors. At the later period of hypercholesterolemia (2-9 month) parallel with a pronounced damage of the endothelium and development of atheromatous plaques, the impairment of the endothelium-dependent vascular responses became more and more pronounced. As a rule, Ach-induced relaxation in VSM was registered in sole experiments only and very often was either absent or transformed to contraction. Constrictor components of vascular response to hypoxia were significantly decreased as well. The above-mentioned disbalance between endothelial relaxant and constrictor factors in combination with structural damage of the endothelium and difficulty in transendothelial transport of these factors to effector elements of the vascular wall may cause vasospastic reactions in VSM at atherosclerosis.