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Biomedical subjects

T M Silver

Publications and source records attributed to T M Silver.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Fetal ovarian cysts: sonographic detection and association with hypothyroidism.

Three cases of ovarian cysts diagnosed antenatally by sonography are analyzed. Two patients also had congenital hypothyroidism, and one of these also had hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The significance of fetal ovarian cysts is discussed, with emphasis on the implications for clinical management of the baby. In instances where screening thyroid function tests are not routinely performed on all newborns, prenatal identification of ovarian cysts should be considered as an indication to evaluate thyroid status.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Agenesis of the corpus callosum: sonographic features.

Sonographic features of agenesis of the corpus callosum and its related intracranial abnormalities are described in four patients. A brief review of clinical, radiologic, and pathologic manifestations of agenesis of the corpus callosum is presented. Both agenesis of the corpus callosum and its potentially serious associated intracranial abnormalities can be effectively diagnosed with transfontanelle sonography.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Sonographic evaluation of the cartilage of the knee.

Real-time ultrasound was assessed as a means of evaluating osteoarthritis of the knee. The knee was maintained in complete flexion so as to expose the weight-bearing portion of the femoral condylar cartilage. After establishing the validity of the method in an excised bovine knee, 7 asymptomatic individuals, 10 arthritic patients, and several patients with other conditions were examined. The results indicated that sonography can be used to measure the thickness of the articular cartilage in man, as well as to detect changes in its surface and internal characteristics. Early changes of arthritis may be revealed in this manner.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography of liver infarction.

Liver infarcts are relatively rare and uncommonly are diagnosed before autopsy. The CT appearance of hepatic infarction was studied in five patients. In four of these, well-defined, wedge-shaped, low-attenuation zones extending to the liver surface were seen on contrast-enhanced scans. The infarcts involved the right lobe of the liver in all patients, and the left lobe as well in two. Associated splenic infarcts were present in three patients and renal infarcts in two. While the clinical and laboratory findings in hepatic infarction can be completely mimicked by hepatic abscess, the different CT appearance of these lesions should permit noninvasive distinction in most patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Natural history of neonatal periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage and its complications: sonographic observations.

Cranial sonography is an established procedure for the detection of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage. A 3 year experience in imaging such infants is reviewed. Representative examples are presented to comprehensively illustrate the spectrum of sonographic appearances of intracranial hemorrhage and its complications from the initial hemorrhage to resolution. Diagnostic problems in the initial staging of the grade of hemorrhage and in evaluating subsequent ventricular changes are addressed.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1983

Sonography of neuroblastoma.

Sonograms of 21 children with neuroblastoma were reviewed with attention to the following sonographic criteria: size, location, internal echo pattern, anechoic areas, and margination. Fourteen primary tumors were evaluated before therapy. All tumors were heterogeneously echogenic; all had poorly defined margins. Tumor calcification was identified in three, and 10 of 14 primary tumors contained discrete anechoic areas ranging from 0.5 to 4 cm in diameter. The average greatest dimension of primary tumor masses was 7.7 cm.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Sonographic features of hepatocellular disease in neonates and infants.

The sonograms of 12 neonates and infants with documented nonneoplastic parenchymal liver diseases, including cytomegalovirus infection, biliary atresia, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, nesidioblastosis, Alagille association, microabscesses, and idiopathic neonatal jaundice, were analyzed by various sonographic criteria. Nine (75%) of the hepatic sonograms were abnormal; however, most showed only one sonographic abnormality. Although it was not possible to distinguish one condition from another sonographically, focal areas of heterogeneity simulating mass lesions and accentuated periportal brightness were the most notable abnormal features. The prime indication for hepatic sonography in this age group continues to be the differentiation of obstructive from nonobstructive jaundice. Nonetheless, when obstruction has been excluded, sonography may demonstrate the presence of hepatic parenchymal disease and provide a noninvasive means for following its course over time.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Ultrasonographic features of hepatic adenomas in type I glycogen storage disease.

Focal hepatic masses were delineated by ultrasonography in three of five patients with type I glycogen storage disease (von Gierke's disease). Small hepatic adenomas were visualized as solitary or multiple hyperechoic solid lesions within enlarged, abnormally echogenic livers of increased attenuation. Larger adenomas were heterogeneous, with hypoechoic foci presumed to be secondary to necrosis, hemorrhage, or both. A previously unreported ultrasonographic finding is the markedly enhanced sound transmission identified deep to these solid tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Sonographic features of uterine leiomyomas: analysis of 41 proven cases.

The relative frequencies of the different sonographic features and patterns of uterine leiomyomas have been examined by prospective and retrospective analyses of the sonograms in 41 proven cases. The original sonographic reports correctly predicted the presence of myomas in 27/45 studies (sensitivity = 60 per cent). Retrospective analyses of the sonograms revealed abnormalities in 32/41 patients (sensitivity = 78 per cent). Most myomatous uteri had two or more sonographic abnormalities, most frequently uterine contour irregularity (76 per cent), altered echo texture (68 per cent) and/or enlargement (66 per cent). Minimal contour irregularity at the interface between the uterus and the bladder deserves emphasis as a subtle diagnostic sign of leiomyoma. Careful attention to the uterus in examining a patient referred for an adnexal mass should improve the diagnostic accuracy of myoma detection by sonography.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1982

Nongynecologic bladder and perivesical ultrasound.

Ultrasound is effective in evaluating pathologic entities in and around the urinary bladder. Abnormalities may be classified into 2 groups: lesions primarily affecting the bladder, including the bladder wall; and perivesical lesions, which secondarily affect the urinary tract. Intrinsic bladder diseases include inflammatory lesions, stones, and tumors, both primary and metastatic. Extrinsic perivesical abnormalities include lesions of the prostate, seminal vesicles, urethra, rectum, and perivesical soft tissues. Since the bladder is routinely visualized on pelvic ultrasonography, awareness and recognition of the ultrasonic appearance of disease in and around the urinary bladder can lead to more accurate diagnosis and detection of unsuspected disease.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1982

Etiology and management of early and late peritransplant infections.

Subfascial peritransplant infection is a life-threatening complication of renal transplantation with multiple etiologies, early onset, and subtle or catastrophic presentation. Thirteen such deep space infections were encountered in 160 consecutive transplants followed for up to 4 years. Difficult management decisions were required frequently. Three patients presented with acute peritonitis. In each instance the source of infection was obscure until abdominal exploration revealed transperitoneal rupture of an infected peritransplant fluid collection. Gray scale ultrasonography and ultrasound guided needle aspiration of fluid collections proved valuable in the clarification of often confusing clinical situations. The transplant was left in situ, with good function and complete wound healing in 5 cases. Transplant nephrectomy was required in 8 patients. Three patients died despite transplant nephrectomy and discontinuation of immunosuppression.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1982

Ultrasonic features of multicystic dysplastic kidney: expanded diagnostic criteria.

The ultrasonographic features of multicystic renal dysplasia in 15 patients (14 children, 1 adult) are described with emphasis on differentiating this condition from hydronephrosis. The most useful ultrasonographic criteria for identifying multicystic kidney include: (a) the presence of interfaces between cysts (accurate in 100% of cases); (b) nonmedial location of the largest cyst (100%); (c) absence of an identifiable renal sinus (100%); (d) multiplicity of oval or round cysts that do not communicate (93%); and (e) absence of parenchymal tissue (73%). The role and usefulness of radionuclide renal scanning are also discussed. Ultrasonography followed by nuclear scintigraphy appears to be a logical diagnostic sequence in the evaluation of neonates with flank masses. Excretory urography is of value in assessing the status of the uninvolved kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Intraoperative sonography for brain tumor localization and ventricular shunt placement.

Intraoperative sonography using portable real-time equipment at the dural or brain surface in 16 patients provided accurate localization of a variety of brain lesions for direct dissectional or needle aspiration biopsies as well as for decompression of cysts. The technique has proven to be reliable and rapid, reducing brain exploration in the search for small or poorly accessible lesions and eliminating complex stereotactic procedures. Ventricular shunt catheter placement was also monitored intraoperatively in two infants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Intraoperative use of real-time ultrasonography in neurosurgery.

The authors' experience with the intraoperative use of real-time ultrasonography during 21 neurosurgical procedures is reported. These procedures include neoplasm surgery in 18 cases, treatment of an arteriovenous malformation in one case, and ventricular catheter placement for hydrocephalus in two cases. In each of the neoplasm cases, the tumors were imaged just as well through the intact dura as on the brain surface itself. There were no cases in which the pathology could not easily be identified. The use of portable intraoperative ultrasonography in sterile coverings has proven to be extremely useful in localizing small subcortical neoplasms, as well as locating the solid and cystic portions of deep lesions. It has assisted in guiding needles for both biopsy and aspiration. It has also accurately identified and guided Silastic catheters during their placement in the ventricular system in cases of hydrocephalus. The authors have found real-time ultrasonography to be an important new tool in the operating room and will continue to rely on its imaging ability during selected procedures in the future.

Adolescent↗