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Biomedical subjects

T M Silver

Publications and source records attributed to T M Silver.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of extremity masses.

Radiographic examination of soft tissue extremity masses is frequently inconclusive. In 18 patients with normal or nonspecifically abnormal radiographs, gray scale ultrasonography provided useful additional information. It was possible to distinguish fluid collections from solid masses, and recurrent venous thrombosis from hematoma in anticoagulated patients. Occasionally, specific diagnoses were suggested on the basis of ultrasonic morphologic characteristics. Diagnoses included soft tissue neoplasms, hematomas, aneurysms, synovial cysts, abscesses, and a lymphocele. Ultrasonically guided percutaneous needle aspiration was diagnostic to two cases. Features of differential diagnostic value relative to extremity solid masses and fluid collections are discussed. Ultrasonography is useful in evaluating these soft tissue masses.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

Peritransplant fluid collections. Ultrasound evaluation and clinical significance.

Gray-scale ultrasonography was used to detect, localize, and guide percutaneous aspirations of peritransplant fluid collections. Fifty-one (51%) transplant recipients had abnormal fluid collections; 18 of these patients required surgery. Analysis of the 23 proved fluid collections (10 lymphocytes, 7 abscesses, 4 urinomas, and 2 hematomas) revealed certain sonographic and temporal patterns. Lymphoceles were the most common cause of an obstructed transplant and were usually septated. Most of the undiagnosed fluid collections were small and crescentic and were located in the abdominal wall. They usually did not enlarge or resolve on serial ultrasound examinations. A role for ultrasound in the management of peritransplant fluid collections is proposed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

Ultrasonic features of pyogenic liver abscesses.

Ultrasonic features of 21 surgically confirmed pyogenic liver abscesses in 18 patients were analyzed. Typical lesions were round or ovoid with a discrete, irregular, echo-poor margin. The number and intensity of internal echoes and sound transmission were variable. Such lesions can be aspirated percutaneously for definitive preoperative diagnosis. Pyogenic liver abscesses appear to have more ragged walls and are less frequently elliptical or multilocular than abscesses elsewhere in the abdomen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Wilms tumor: ultrasonic features, pathologic correlation, and diagnostic pitfalls.

The gray-scale ultrasonic features of Wilms tumor are reported with pathologic comparison. The most consistent ultrasonic features are large size, sharp margination, and echogenic heterogeneity. The frequently observed anechoic areas correlated with hemorrhage and necrosis. A rare case of mesoblastic nephroma is included for comparison. Pitfalls in diagnosis are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Sonography of adrenal pheochromocytomas.

The sonographic features of eight surgically confirmed pheochromocytomas are described and correlated with pathologic findings. The purely solid masses were homogeneous or heterogeneous sonographically. Pathologic examination of the gross specimen provided explanations for the variety of sonographic findings. Two tumors had large cystic components due to old blood. Other hypoechoic areas corresponded to necrosis pathologically. Hyperechoic areas represented hemorrhage. Generally, pheochromocytomas are quite large, sharply marginated, and usually have a significant solid component with or without central necrosis or hemorrhage. Recognition of these features should facilitate their identification on sonography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Real-time ultrasonography. Its use in the evaluation of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

We used real-time cranial ultrasonography to diagnose intracranial hemorrhage and to follow the development and resolution of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in a premature infant. This technique is a bedside procedure that provides detailed imaging of intracranial pathology in newborn infants, without removing them from their incubators or exposing them to ionizing radiation.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasonic diagnosis of urethral diverticulum.

A urethral diverticulum was diagnosed on pelvic ultrasonography. Its ultrasonic features and differential diagnosis are discussed. An awareness of the ultrasonic appearance should result in more frequent recognition of this lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Anatomic/radiologic classification of renal cortical nodules.

A cortical nodule is defined as a focus of more normal renal cortical tissue than usual in an otherwise normal kidney. Such nodules can mimic renal tumors on excretory urography. The urographic features of 29 cases of renal cortical nodules were correlated with arteriographic features to determine if a pattern of different anatomic types could be discerned. The cortical nodules fell into three anatomic groups (similar to Hodson's dissection classification): (1) subcapsular, (2) hilar lip, and (3) septa of Bertin. These anatomic groupings are proposed as a classification scheme for radiologic use. Using this classification, it was found that cortical nodules have urographic features that permit distinction of one type of cortical nodule from another. A better understanding of cortical nodules, based on this classification, should result in more certain urographic diagnosis of cortical nodule. Similarly, mistaking a cortical nodule for renal tumor on urography should be less likely to occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Biliary cystadenomas: sonographic-angiographic-pathologic correlations.

Three biliary cystadenomas are reported. Two occurred in the left lobe of the liver and the third involved the right lobe and the medial segment of the left lobe. All three patients had gray scale sonography of the liver and two underwent hepatic angiography. The sonographic features were similar to those of cystadenoma of the ovary or pancreas, that is, multilocular cystic lesions with septations and papillary projections. Angiographically the lesions were hypovascular with a faint rim of contrast-material accumulation in the wall and septa of the mass.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Differential diagnosis of hypoechoic and anechoic masses with gray scale sonography: new observations.

With the technological advances in gray scale sonography that have permitted the use of higher-frequency transducers and expansion of the acoustic dynamic range, increasing problems in differentiating solid masses and fluid-filled masses have become apparent. These difficulties can be overcome by strict adherence to proper scanning techniques, which involve transducer selection, tissue attenuation compensation, and alterations in patient position. The availability of variable-dynamic-range signal processing and the use of real-time scanning can further increase one's confidence in the correct interpretation of these masses. The primary criteria for determining that a mass is fluid-filled have been expanded to include the presence of reverberation echoes, the "lateral shades" sign, and the presence of septations. In the past, hypoechoic masses with low-level internal echoes were termed "complex". Both fluid-filled masses and solid masses may fall into this category. By use of the sonographic criteria, an attempt should be made to determine whether a mass is primarily fluid-filled or solid. Specific anatomic locations and pathologic conditions in which differential diagnosis may be difficult are illustrated; these include abdominal masses, hepatic and renal masses, and pelvic masses.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Preoperative diagnosis of splenic cysts in children by gray scale ultrasonography.

Ultrasonography is a useful noninvasive modality for the diagnosis of splenic cysts in children. Characteristic features plus the typical clinical and radiographic presentation should obviate the need for further more invasive and costly techniques which add little to diagnostic accuracy. Additional advantages offered by ultrasound a minimal patient discomfort, no ionizing radiation, and immediate reassurance to parents that the mass is a cyst. We report two cases of epidermoid splenic cysts preoperatively diagnosed by ultrasonography. The typical sonographic characteristics are presented and the sonographic differential diagnosis is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Gray-scale ultrasound diagnosis of peripheral arterial aneurysms.

Diagnostic ultrasound is a feasible technique for demonstrating the presence of an aneurysm in the popliteal, femoral, iliac, and brachial arteries. All aneurysms were correctly identified and confirmed by arteriography, surgery, or examination of the amputated specimen. The popliteal artery in healthy volunteers had a mean size of 0.8 +/- 0.2 cm. Neither the age nor the sex of the patient influenced artery size. In patients with known abdominal aortic aneurysms of significant atherosclerosis, the popliteal size was within two standard deviations from the mean of normal popliteal arteries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Gray-scale ultrasonic features of ovarian teratomas.

Forty patients with pelvic masses were examined with ultrasound; surgical exploration subsequently revealed an ovarian teratoma. The echographic appearance of the lesions was extremely variable. Although a number of characteristic features of teratomas have been described (axial location, solid mural component, acoustic shadow, and "hair/fluid level"), these occurred only in a minority (17/40) of patients. When the clinical setting suggests an ovarian teratoma, the ultrasonographer should consider it regardless of the internal architecture and consistency of the mass.

Adolescent↗