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Biomedical subjects

T Machida

Publications and source records attributed to T Machida.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Transforceps operative nephroscope.

A new type of operative nephroscope has been developed that possesses the advantages of a fiberoptic scope but with good tactile sensation. The diameter of the scope is 2.3 mm. and its overall length is 770 mm., with a working length of 600 mm. The angle of the visual field is 70 degrees and its depth is 3 to 50 mm. The fiberscope is used in combination with forceps with hollow arms. The instrument is inserted through 1 of the arms of the forceps, while the other arm can be used for irrigation. The fiberscope may be fixed on a stand and, therefore, pyelolithotomy can be done in the conventional manner while the interior of the renal pelvis is observed. The instrument was used for pyelolithotomy in 26 patients with multiple renal stones and to examine the renal pelvis in 16 with drainage by nephrostomy or cutaneous ureterostomy. All stones were removed successfully in all but 1 patient in the former group.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Staging of renal cell carcinoma by computed tomography.

To evaluate the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnostic workup of renal cell carcinoma, CT findings were correlated with surgical and pathological findings in 40 cases. Fifteen cases without obliteration of perinephric fat or thickening of Gerota's fascia were confined within the renal capsule. Eighteen lesions showing anatomic contact with adjacent organs were either within the renal capsule or Gerota's fascia but never beyond Gerota's fascia. Two cases (Stage II) showed thickening of Gerota's fascia and two cases (Stage IV) showed tumor infiltration into the spleen. Computed tomography was found to be a useful method for the investigation of tumor thrombosis and lymph node metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[An autopsy case of double cancer (Hepatocellular carcinoma and mixed germ cell tumor of the testis)--significance of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin as tumor markers].

A 43-year-old male suffering from liver cirrhosis was admitted with complaints of general malaise and anorexia. Admission laboratory data evidenced high levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Histopathologically, the resected left testis and supraclavicular enlarged lymph nodes revealed mixed germ cell tumor. After castration, the serum HCG level normalized, but AFP continued to increase. Autopsy findings did not unequivocally show mixed germ cell tumor, however, massive type hepatocellular carcinoma was present. These findings suggest that the hepatocellular carcinoma produced AFP, while the mixed germ cell tumor produced HCG.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental chemotherapy of human testicular carcinoma transplanted in nude mice].

The testicular carcinoma serially transplanted in nude mice with BALB/c genetic background was used for experimental chemotherapy. A stable growth and a high production of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were observed in this tumor line. The effect and side effect of Cis-platinum (CDDP) and other anticancer agents on this tumor line in nude mice were studied by the chemotherapy with single administration of CDDP 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg, and the combination chemotherapy with CDDP, Vinblastine (VBL) 0.1 mg/kg, Bleomycin (BLM) 0.5 mg/kg and Cyclophosphamide (CTX) 2 mg/kg. The body weight of the tumor bearing nude mice, the tumor size (length X breadth) and serum AFP level were measured every week up to 10 weeks after inoculation of the tumor mass. Six weeks after administration of these anticancer agents, the tumor mass was removed out and examined histologicaly. The effects of CDDP and other anticancer agents were observed as inhibition of the tumor growth and regression of the tumor mass. In the groups treated by the combination chemotherapy with either CDDP + VBL + BLM or CDDP + VBL + CTX, the most remarkable inhibition and regression were observed. The AFP levels were remarkably decreased in contrast with those of the control group. The changes of serum AFP levels were reflected in the tumor growth. The serum AFP levels fell down to normal level, however, the tumor mass was clearly recognized. The tumor tissue was damaged histologicaly by the single administration of CDDP. The most remarkable change was shown in the group treated by the combination chemotherapy CDDP 4mg/kg + VBL + BLM. The tumor cells were arranged one or two layers like the epithelium. This histological findings suggested that the malignant tumor could be differentiated to benign tumor. The side effect of CDDP and other anticancer agents was observed as a loss of weight. All of mice treated by the single administration at a dose of CDDP 6 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg died of the side effect of CDDP.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of extended chemotherapy using tegafur following surgery of stage III stomach cancer].

The effect of postoperative long-term chemotherapy was evaluated in 89 patients who were treated with daily oral administration of 600-800 mg of tegafur for 2 years after gastrectomized because of stage III stomach cancer in our department from 1975 to 1977. Other 128 patients, as control, were given no chemotherapy after undergoing an operation from April, 1967 to the end of 1974. The minimum, crude 5-year-survival rate in the group given chemotherapy was significantly higher (57.3%) than that in the control group (35.2%). Twenty-six patients without lymphnode metastasis and 36 patients with n1 (+) metastasis in the treated group showed significantly higher 5-year-survival rate of 77% and 64%, respectively compared to the control group (46% and 33%, respectively). The patients having n2 (+) metastasis in the treated group, however, showed no significantly higher 5-year-survival rate (30%) compared to the comparable patients in the control (17%). The 5-year-survival rate in 54 cases treated with the total dose of more than 200 g of the drug was 78%, whereas that in other 35 cases receiving lesser dose was 26%. Furthermore, 35 cases given more than 300 g of the drug showed the 5-year-survival rate of 88.6%. These data showed that a postoperative long-term chemotherapy with tegafur remarkably improved the 5-year-survival rate of the patients with stage III stomach cancer, especially when given for more than 18 months at the total dosis of more than 300 g.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Visualization of cerebellopontine angle diseases by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging].

The preliminary results from the clinical use a prototype whole body nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) machine constructed by Toshiba Inc. are presented. Cranial NMR scans were performed on more than 30 cases with broad spectrum of neurologic diseases using saturation-recovery and inversion-recovery sequences with a field strength of 1500 Gauss. Selective excitation sequence was used for the slice selection and filtered backprojection was used to reconstruct the images. They were displayed on a 256 X 256 matrix as 12 mm thick sections. Data acquisition time varied between 3 and 12 minutes. Our initial experiences with six cases harboring cerebellopontine angle lesions disclosed advantages and disadvantages of NMR imaging in comparison with X-ray CT. The advantages were the absence of linear artifacts from the surrounding bone, the marked gray-white matter differentiation, and the variety of tomographic planes available. The disadvantages included the lack of bone detail, the lack of visualization of the major intracranial vessels, and the long time required for scanning (several minutes per slice). Although much continued evaluation is necessary, NMR seems to have vast potential as a diagnostic tool.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma].

Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most difficult malignant tumors for early diagnosis. It is rare that the classic symptoms such as hematuria, a renal mass and flank pain appear simultaneously. Only in about 7% of renal cell carcinoma patients these symptoms occurred simultaneously. Hematuria is an important symptom, and in our series 46% of the patients with renal cell carcinomas were conscious of macrohematuria as an initial symptom. As an initial symptom, a mass was palpable in 8% and flank pain was felt in 13% of the patients with renal cell carcinomas. Nonurologic symptoms were observed as initial symptoms in 33% cases, suggesting physician's particular attention on these symptoms. Initial diagnosis of renal cell carcinomas begins with urinary tract x-ray examination, which is followed by ultrasonography, CT scan, and if necessary, angiography. These procedures make definite diagnosis possible and define clinical staging. The most basic and reliable treatment method established for renal cell carcinomas is surgery--radical nephrectomy. Much cannot be expected from chemotherapy or radiotherapy as an adjuvant modality. To what extent lymphoadenectomy should be performed at the time of radical surgery is a question still to be definitely answered, but the lymph node of the renal pedicle should be removed completely. While any chemotherapeutic drug or method has not yet been established, an increasing number of useful agents have been studied. Radiotherapy is now used exclusively as adjuvant therapy for metastatic tumors. In order to improve clinical results, it is necessary to establish an appropriate approach according to clinical stage. In particular, establishment of approach to progressive carcinomas is imperative.

Adenocarcinoma↗