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Biomedical subjects

T Nash

Publications and source records attributed to T Nash.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Cryptosporidiosis in homosexual men.

Between April 1982 and June 1983, cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in six homosexual men. Four patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had lymphopenia, cutaneous anergy, and profoundly impaired cellular immunity; their cryptosporidiosis was severe, unremitting, and refractory to all therapy. Two patients without other opportunistic infections or Kaposi's sarcoma had moderately impaired cellular immunity but not lymphopenia or anergy; their enteric illness was self-limited. Cryptosporidium recently had been recognized as a human pathogen that is transmitted through fecal-oral contamination. The severity of human cryptosporidiosis appears to be determined primarily by immunocompetence of the patient. These six homosexual men, with different degrees of immunologic impairment, had two clinically divergent forms of cryptosporidiosis. Their cases raise questions about human transmission of Cryptosporidium and the prognostic significance of this disease in patients who are at high risk for developing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms. With special reference to high-risk patients.

Between 1973 and 1980, 150 patients with an abdominal aneurysm underwent aneurysmectomy at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney. Of these, 52 were high-risk patients with significant medical disease, including myocardial ischaemia, angina pectoris, obstructive airways disease, portal hypertension, and end-stage renal disease. The operative mortality for the 150 patients was 4.6%; it was 9.6% in the high-risk group. The predicted overall survival rate at seven years, with a minimum of two years' follow-up, was 55%, which compares favourably with that reported in other series, particularly in view of the advanced age of most of the patients--43% were in the eighth decade of their lives. The predicted survival rate of 26% for the high-risk group is nearly four times the survival rate predicted by Szilagyi for patients with untreated aneurysms. This increased life expectancy justifies the adoption of the widest possible selection criteria for elective aneurysmectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Fate and mechanism of clearance of PSAP, a schistosome antigen, in schistosomiasis.

The clearance and the factors modulating clearance of PSAP, a glycoprotein excretory-secretory antigen of Schistosoma mansoni, were determined in control and infected mice. After i.v. injection, PSAP was removed rapidly from the circulation of both infected and control mice. The half-life in control mice was about 2.5 min compared to 60 min for the proteoglycan schistosome gut antigen, GASP. Injection of PSAP-containing immune complexes into control mice or of PSAP into infected mice resulted in a prolongation of clearance. In infected mice, the delay in clearance correlated with the amount of anti-PSAP. Marked inhibition of clearance was induced by coinjection of asialofetuin with PSAP, indicating a galactose-mediated clearance mechanism. Furthermore, the clearance of model complexes was delayed to a greater degree after co-injection of asialofetuin than with aggregated gamma-globulin, suggesting that complexes were primarily removed by the galactose receptor. The delay in clearance of antigens may result in immune complex deposition in abnormal locations.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Aortoiliac occlusive vascular disease: a prospective study of patients treated by endarterectomy and bypass procedures.

Aortiliac occlusive vascular disease is very common and very disabling. A prospective study of 150 patients with the disease causing severe claudication and rest pain was begun in 1972, with a mimimum follow-up period of three years. An operative mortality of 2% and hospital morbidity of 14% can be obtained with attention to the broad principles of arterial reconstruction and a meticulous technique, provided that there is excellent anaesthetic, operative, and postoperative support. Severe complications or adverse episodes have occurred in 44% of patients who continued to smoke after their operation, as opposed to 28% in those who stopped. Frequent follow-up visits of 96% of patients have led to the early detection of significant vascular disease elsewhere in some patients, and this may be of importance in determining the eventual prognosis of this serious disease.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1979

Cutaneous leishmaniasis--a case with persistent organisms after treatment in presence of normal immune response.

A Peace Corps volunteer in Senegal, West Africa contracted cutaneous leishmaniasis which had several noteworthy features. One of the three presenting cutaneous ulcers was associated with subcutaneous nodules and viable organisms were recovered from healing lesions after multiple courses of treatment, including amphotericin B. Yet, the patient was found to exhibit both humoral and cell mediated features of normal immunologic responsiveness. Ultimately, clinical and parasitological cure occurred. The patient's organism was found to produce lesions in the foot pads of mice.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Experience with the use of the straight tube method of treatment.

Forty-three consecutive patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm treated by means of a straight Dacron tube inserted inside the aneurysms are reviewed. There were no deaths among the 30 patients who had an elective operation, and three deaths in the group of 13 whose aneurysm had ruptured. The use of a straight tube to treat an abdominal aneurysm has many advantages, including lower mortality and morbidity rates. Experience suggests that this is the operation of choice for all aneurysms, whether for rupture or as an elective procedure, except for a minority of patients with aneurysms of the iliac arteries. A significant delay occurred in referral of 30% of patients, apparently owing to the belief that vascular surgery carried a grave risk. Of the patients with a ruptured aneurysm, 50% had their condition misdiagnosed; this led to delay in the patients receiving treatment. It is clear that clinicians are not sufficiently "aneurysm minded" when they examine the abdomen.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1970

Comparative toxicity of various ozonized olefins to bacteria suspended in air.

Air containing olefin vapour was treated with known amounts of ozone simulating natural concentrations. The bactericidal effect of the mixture was tested using microthreads sprayed with washed cultures of Escherichia coli var. communis or Micrococcus albus, aerosol strain. With 20 different olefins a wide range of activity was found, those in which the double bond formed part of a ring being the most bactericidal; petrol vapour was about as active as the average open-chain olefin. The two organisms behaved similarly at the experimental relative humidity of 80%. The estimated amount of bactericidal substance present was only about one hundredth of that required to give the same kill with a ;conventional' air disinfectant; a simple physical explanation is proposed for this enhanced effect.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long term results of vein valve transplants placed in the popliteal vein for intractable post-phlebitic venous ulcers and pre-ulcer skin changes.

Most patients with chronic venous ulceration or severe pre-ulcer damaged skin have incompetent popliteal valves and a high ambulant venous pressure (AVP). Competency can be restored by a vein valve transplant taken from the arm and placed in the popliteal fossa, with subjective and objective improvement. In this study 23 patients with post-phlebitic syndromes received 25 vein valve grafts as part of management. Seventeen patients had large recurrent ulcers after unsuccessful venous surgery: 6 patients had extensive pre-ulcer skin damage. Fifteen of 17 patients healed their ulcers, and all 6 patients with skin damage showed rapid improvement with relief of symptoms. Falls in the AVP, ranging from 10 to 40 mmHg occurred in 19 patients. All vein valve transplants were patent, after 18 months, but 5 grafted valves have evidence of venous reflux. These results suggest a functioning valve replacement in the popliteal fossa may lower the AVP sufficiently to heal intractable venous ulcers or severely damaged skin. Vein valve transplants function well long term, and the falls in the AVP are usually maintained. The popliteal fossa may be the ideal site since a component popliteal valve has been shown to limit adverse post-phlebitic changes.

Arm↗