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Biomedical subjects

T Sakuma

Publications and source records attributed to T Sakuma.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Pulmonary fibrosis after endotoxin-induced permeability edema].

To know the pathogenesis of the lung fibrosis after ARDS, we investigated the role of PMN-elastase after endotoxin-induced pulmonary edema in awake sheep with chronic lung lymph fistulas. The permeability of the pulmonary circulation increased 2 hours after endotoxin injection. Four hours after endotoxin injection, WBC migrated to the lung interstitium and the number of WBC in BALF increased. Endotoxin increased PMN-elastase in plasma and lymph whereas the level of alpha-1-protease inhibitor (alpha-1-PI) did not change. The activity of alpha-1-PI measured by trypsin inhibitory capacity was zero in the exudative phase. The level of PMN-elastase in lymph was significantly higher 1 week after endotoxin injection than baseline levels. Histologically, pulmonary fibrosis developed 1 week after endotoxin injection. These results suggest that inflammatory mediators released from PMN play an important part in progress to the fibrotic phase after ARDS.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case of reexpansion pulmonary edema during thoracotomy].

A case of reexpansion pulmonary edema during thoracotomy is presented. A high edema fluid-plasma protein concentration ratio suggested an increase in pulmonary vascular permeability. A marked increase in the percentages of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and high concentration of PMN-elastase in edema fluid suggested activated PMN-mediated vascular endothelial injury, which caused an increase in permeability. Edema fluid and plasma contained high concentrations of Thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha at the stage of increased permeability. This suggested these chemical mediators participated in the mechanisms of increased permeability in reexpansion pulmonary edema.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental studies on vascularized allogeneic joint grafts].

Vascularized joint transplantations and limb transplantations were performed on inbred rats on five different strains to investigate (i) the effect of vascularity on the joint graft, and (ii) the influence of subregions of the rat major histocompatibility antigen (RTI) on the allogeneic joint graft. According to roentgenograms and histological findings of autogenous joint grafts, the bone healing was prompt and the joint structure was well preserved in the vascularized grafts compared to the non-vascularized grafts. 99m Tc-MDP scintigrams and the histological study of the allogeneic graft, indicated that transplanted limbs of which subregions of RT1 were partially matched in particular those RT1-A were matched, remained alive longer than limbs of which subregions were completely different. This study suggests that the success of the allogeneic joint transplantation might be dependent on the vascularity and low antigenicity between the donor and the recipient.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Mandibular tumor with spicule formation in multiple myeloma].

A 40-year-old male complained of swelling of the right mandible. It was a hard bone tumor which was 70 x 50 x 45 mm in size without tenderness. In serum, the level of IgG was 5814 mg/dl, IgA 95 mg/dl and IgM 8 mg/dl with monoclonal increasing of gamma and lambda-chain. No Bence Jones protein was detected. In a bone marrow aspirate atypical plasma cells were 7.3% in nucleated cells in slightly hypocellular marrow. X-ray examination disclosed a spicule formation surrounding the osteolytic focus in the mandible. In addition, a osteolytic tumor without spicule formation was found in a rib. The histological examination of biopsy specimen obtained from the mandibular tumor revealed that atypical plasma cells infiltrated the fibrous tissue with new bone formation. Spicule formation in the bone lesion of multiple myeloma is unusual.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The dorsal occult ganglion of the wrist and ultrasonography.

In five cases of suspected occult ganglion on the back of the wrist, an ultrasonographic examination was performed. This revealed a small hypoechogenic area on the dorsal aspect between the scaphoid and the lunate or just dorsal to the lunate. Exploration of this area in three cases confirmed the presence of an occult ganglion. In the other two cases, further aspiration revealed traces of mucinous jelly at the tip of the needle.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Adult T-cell leukemia by probable horizontal transmission from husband to wife.

A 60-year-old housewife was affected with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) 10 years after her husband died of T-cell lymphoma, which was retrospectively diagnosed as ATL. She had never had a blood transfusion nor any indication of infection by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) from her parents. The report suggested the wife to have developed ATL by horizontal transmission of HTLV-I from her husband 31 years after their marriage.

Deltaretrovirus Infections↗
PubMed1988

Cytomegalovirus oophoritis with cortical necrosis during remission of acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Ovarian involvement of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is rarely observed in autopsy and biopsy materials. Cortical necrosis of the ovaries was found in an autopsy case with generalized CMV infection. The patient was an 11-year-old girl in a remission state of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Autopsy revealed several areas showing necrotic change up to 2 mm in size in the cortex of both ovaries. Many cytomegalic cells were found in both the necrotic and intact areas of the cortex. CMV had infected the granulosa, thecal and stromal cells as well as vascular endothelial cells. Oocytes of neither primary nor graafian follicles showed cytomegalic changes, although they were destroyed due to the necrosis. CMV antigen was immunohistologically detected in these cytomegalic cells. Ultrastructurally, herpesvirus-type particles were revealed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of the cytomegalic cells. This case demonstrated that ovarian infection with CMV can potentially induce cortical necrosis and decrease the number of oocytes.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Effects of various nucleosides on antiviral activity and metabolism of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.

Uptake of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (BV-araU) into herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)- and 2 (HSV-2)-infected cells was elevated about 190 to 40 times, compared with that into mock-infected human embryo lung fibroblast cells. Uptake was not enhanced by infection with thymidine kinase-negative HSV-1 and HSV-2 mutants, however. In HSV-1-infected cells, 9.7% of BV-araU was phosphorylated to BV-araU triphosphate, but only 1.1% was phosphorylated in HSV-2-infected cells. The antiviral effect, uptake, and turnover of BV-araU were inhibited significantly by thymidine (dThd), moderately by deoxyuridine, and not at all by deoxycytidine. On the other hand, the antiviral activity of acyclovir (ACV) was inhibited only by dThd. The effect of BV-araU was influenced by dThd and dThd phosphates (mono-, di-, and triphosphates), and the effect of ACV was influenced only by dThd, which competitively inhibited the phosphorylation of ACV to ACV monophosphate. The combination of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR)-BV-araU or FUdR-ACV had a synergistic effect on HSV-1 and HSV-2 replication. The effect of FUdR on the turnover of BV-araU in HSV-1- and HSV-2-infected cells was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. In HSV-1-infected cells, 86% of the BV-araU was phosphorylated to BV-araU triphosphate, but no effect was observed in HSV-2-infected cells, in which 98% of the BV-araU remained as BV-araU monophosphate.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1988

(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine, a potent and selective inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus replication.

From a series of phosphonylmethoxyalkylpurine and -pyrimidine derivatives, (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine [(S)-HPMPC] emerged as a particularly potent and selective inhibitor of the replication of human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Its potency against CMV was similar to that of the structurally related adenine derivative (S)-HPMPA but higher than that of the reference compounds phosphonoformate and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG). The minimum concentrations of phosphonoformate, DHPG, (S)-HPMPA, and (S)-HPMPC required to inhibit CMV plaque formation by 50% were 15, 0.7, 0.1, and 0.07 microgram/ml, respectively. The selectivity indices of phosphonoformate, DHPG, (S)-HPMPA, and (S)-HPMPC, as determined by the ratio of the 50% inhibitory concentration for cell growth to the 50% inhibitory concentration for plaque formation for CMV (AD-169 strain), were 14, 150, 200 and 1,500, respectively. Corresponding values for the CMV Davis strain were 20, 200, 100, and 1,000, respectively. (S)-HPMPC was inhibitory to CMV plaque formation even when added to the cells at 24 or 48 h postinfection. When (S)-HPMPC was added immediately postinfection, a 24- or 48-h incubation time sufficed to obtain a marked inhibitory effect on CMV replication. Such limited incubation time was insufficient for DHPG to achieve any protection against CMV.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1988

Efficacies of antiherpesvirus nucleosides against two strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Vero and human embryo lung fibroblast cells.

Antiviral activities of five nucleoside analogs against the VR-3 and WT-34 strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were investigated in Vero and human embryo lung fibroblast (HEL) cells. In HEL cells, the compounds showed antiviral activities against both strains of HSV-1, but in Vero cells, the antiviral activities of the compounds were reduced in proportion to their antiviral indexes (the 50% inhibitory dose [ID50] for cell growth divided by the 50% plaque reduction dose for virus). The ratio of the ID50 in Vero cells to the ID50 in HEL cells was larger in VR-3-infected cells than in WT-34-infected cells. The following results were obtained. (i) Thymidine kinase (TK; EC 2.7.1.21) activity in the VR-3- or WT-34-infected Vero cells was about half that in VR-3- or WT-34-infected HEL cells. Induction of viral TK was especially low in the VR-3-infected Vero cells. (ii) The ID50 of the plaque reduction assay in hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine medium revealed that the activity of cellular thymidylate synthetase (EC 2.1.1.45) was important in viral replication in VR-3-infected Vero cells. (iii) The VR-3-infected cells required larger thymidine and thymidine phosphate pools for viral replication than the WT-34-infected cells did, although uptake of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl) uracil into infected cells was equal for both strains. (iv) In the VR-3-infected Vero cells, the quantity of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil triphosphate was smaller than that in VR-3-infected HEL cells and WT-34-infected Vero and HEL cells.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1988

The effect of sustained stellate ganglion stimulation on left ventricular contractility in the dog.

Although a progressive reduction in left ventricular contractility during sustained left stellate ganglion stimulation has been well documented, there have been no reports on the contractile state after nerve stimulation. Left ventricular contractility after cessation of 60 min of electrical (10 V. 10 Hz. 1 msec) left stellate ganglion stimulation has been assessed in open chest dogs. Before and 15 min after stimulation, left ventricular contractility was evaluated by the end-systolic pressure-segment length relationship using ultrasonic crystals during a stepwise aortic constriction to increase left ventricular afterload. Restimulation of the left stellate ganglion was also performed 15 min after cessation of the first stimulation. After sustained left stellate ganglion stimulation, the end-systolic points shifted to the right from the control and the slope of multiple pressure-segment length coordinates significantly decreased (102.5 +/- 16.1 to 76.5 +/- 10.2 mmHg/mm, mean +/- S.E., p less than 0.05, n = 5), indicating a depression of left ventricular contractility. Increased left ventricular dP/dt max and norepinephrine level in the coronary sinus gradually returned to near base line during 60 min of stimulation. These reduced responses lasted for at least 15 min after cessation of stimulation. The myocardial norepinephrine content was reduced to 0.59 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- S.E.) ng/mg wet tissue from 0.90 +/- 0.15 of the control level (p less than 0.05). These data suggested that left ventricular contractility decreased after sustained cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation, probably due to norepinephrine reduction in the myocardium.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Correlation between augmented resistance to influenza virus infection and histological changes in lung of mice treated with trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate.

Mice inoculated intravenously with trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), a glycolipid component of the cell wall of Mycobacterium, in an oil-in-water emulsion (TDM emulsion) acquired a high resistance to intranasal infection by influenza virus. Athymic nude mice inoculated with TDM emulsion could not acquire such an augmented resistance to influenza virus infection. The augmented antiviral resistance of TDM emulsion-treated mice was diminished by prior intravenous inoculation of silica particles, which selectively impair macrophage functions. In vitro experiments showed that macrophage cultures treated with TDM emulsion released an activator(s) of T lymphocytes. Histological studies of the lung of TDM emulsion-inoculated mice revealed that a typical granuloma and severe perivascular lymphocyte infiltration appeared, though no such histological change was observed in the lung of control emulsion-inoculated mice. The lungs from TDM emulsion-treated athymic nude mice and the lungs from silica particle- and TDM emulsion-treated mice showed fewer and smaller granulomata and milder perivascular lymphocyte infiltration than a typical granuloma and lymphocyte infiltration in the lungs of TDM emulsion-treated mice. These and earlier results suggest that an acquired antiviral resistance of TDM emulsion-treated mice was caused by elicitation of macrophages with TDM, then activation of T lymphocytes, leading to granuloma formation and an amplified earlier interferon production in response to influenza virus infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Identification of cultured cell employing specific substance--with special references of "reserve cells" in uterine cervix].

Identification of endocervical "reserve cell", which have been regarded as the origin of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, was attempted employing immunohistochemically specific substances. The antigenicity of keratin, squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC), epithelial membrane antigen(EMA), tissue polypeptide antigen(TPA), vimentin, secretory component(SC) and placental alkaline phosphatase(PLAP) was investigated in histological preparations as well as cultured cells obtained from primary culture of endocervical tissue. The immunohistochemical findings in histological preparations revealed the following: a strongly positive reaction with TPA, a slightly positive reaction with EMA, a very slightly positive with SCC and PLAP, and a negative reaction with keratin, vimentin and SC. Cultured cells were divided into 4 groups according to their morphological characteristics; among these, small rounded or polygonal cells with a centric single nucleus showed similar immunocytochemical reactions to those of "reserve cells" in histological preparations, indicating that "reserve cell" can be growing in culture. The results obtained suggest that immunohistocytochemical specific substances may be useful to identify cultured cells.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗