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Biomedical subjects

T Salmi

Publications and source records attributed to T Salmi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A comparison of human papillomavirus detection rates by dot blot assay from smear and biopsy specimens with regard to human papillomavirus type and histologic diagnosis.

Colposcopic biopsy and cervical smear sampling techniques for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA dot hybridization were compared to reveal differences related to the level of the histopathologic detection of HPV type 16. The authors used a previously published dot blot assay to analyze 814 pairs of concurrent biopsy and smear DNA specimens for the presence of DNA of HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18. The overall HPV detection rate was 38%, the most prevalent type being HPV 16 (39% of all HPV-positive cases). In detection and typing of HPV DNA, a 81% concordance (658 of 814 pairs) was noted between the smear and biopsy specimens, with a significant correlation in detection of any of the HPV types in the specimens (kappa, .609). The rate of smear-negative cases among all biopsy-positive cases was similar for HPV 11 and HPV 16 (41% and 42%, respectively). Further analysis of distribution of the smear-negative and biopsy-positive cases among different histopathologic levels of disease showed no significant difference between neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions for either virus type. In 56 cases, only the smear specimen was positive for DNA of the studied HPV types. Both biopsy and smear specimens should be used for HPV detection in cervical dysplasias.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1994

Selegiline in the treatment of narcolepsy.

We treated 17 narcolepsy patients in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial with 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-mg daily doses of selegiline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor widely used in Parkinson's disease. There was a dose-dependent as well as a statistically and clinically significant improvement in narcoleptic symptoms and polygraphic measures. At 40 mg, there was a 36% reduction in the number of daytime sleep episodes and a 34% reduction in their duration (compared with placebo, mean values). The number of excessive sleepiness episodes decreased by 43%, and the duration decreased by 47%. The number of cataplectic attacks was reduced by 89%. On the multiple sleep latency test, the REM sleep latency increased from 5.0 to 13.3 minutes, and the number of sleep-onset REM periods decreased from 3.1 to 0.6. Sleep (S1) latency was not changed. No intolerable adverse events occurred. The effective dose range was 20 to 40 mg, requiring a low-tyramine diet, which was easy to maintain. In conclusion, selegiline alleviates both main symptoms of narcolepsy--the abnormal sleep tendency and cataplexy. Thus, treatment with selegiline makes it possible to avoid polypharmacy and to use a potent stimulant without known addiction risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Snoring and cardiovascular risk factors.

The association of snoring with some cardiovascular risk factors was studied cross-sectionally by a postal survey among 3750 males aged 40-59 years. In univariate analyses, snoring associated statistically significantly (P < 0.01) with hypertension, smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol use, physical inactivity, dyspnoea, hostility and morning tiredness. In a multiple logistic regression model adjusted by age, snoring associated significantly with smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, hostility and morning tiredness. When smoking was excluded from the multivariate model, alcohol use was also associated significantly with snoring. The association of snoring with smoking, and with obesity seemed to be almost independent from other studied correlates of snoring. Our results indicate that in further studies on predictive value of snoring with regard to coronary heart disease and stroke, the associations of snoring with hypertension, smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol use, physical inactivity and hostility have to be considered, as these risk characteristics may cause confounding effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Association of steroid hormone receptor content and flow cytometric DNA ploidy in endometrial carcinoma.

Flow cytometric DNA ploidy and sex steroid hormone receptor activity was measured in 55 endometrial carcinomas. DNA ploidy was measured on paraffin-embedded specimens and ER and PR activity was measured using both biochemical and immunohistochemical assay. Association of these parameters was tested using logistic regression model. Diploid or near diploid DNA histogram was seen in 40 cases (72.7%). All Grade 1 tumours (n = 15) were diploid whereas 38.5% of Grade 2 (n = 27) and Grade 3 (n = 13) tumours were aneuploid (grade 1 vs Grade 2 and 3, P = 0.0031). The mean value of ER was 109 +/- 120 (SD) fmol/mg protein for diploid tumours and 48 +/- 50 fmol/mg protein for aneuploid tumours (P = 0.0093). The corresponding values for PR were 226 +/- 262 fmol/mg protein and 75 +/- 102 fmol/mg protein (P = 0.0073), respectively. In immunohistochemical assay the mean HSCORE of ER was 45 +/- 77 for diploid tumours and 27 +/- 48 for aneuploid tumours (P = 0.43). The corresponding values for PR were 32 +/- 55 and 22 +/- 56, respectively (P = 0.58). In logistic regression analysis cytosolic PR content was associated with DNA ploidy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The risk of endometrial cancer in diabetic and hypertensive patients: a nationwide record-linkage study in Finland.

The risk of endometrial cancer (EC) in diabetics and hypertensives was studied as part of the planning of a trial of the efficacy of screening for EC. Two nationwide registers, the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Social Insurance Institution's (SII) population register, were linked to obtain 1715 EC patients diagnosed during 1970-1974 with individually matched controls. Data on the right for state-reimbursed medication for diabetes or hypertension prior to the case's cancer diagnosis was obtained from the SII's population register and was used as indicator of the diseases in question. Diabetes was a strong and hypertension a relatively weak risk factor for EC. The relative risk for the association of EC with diabetes was 4.1 (95% confidence limits 2.7 and 6.9) and with hypertension 1.6 (95% confidence limits 1.3 and 2.1). Diabetics and hypertensives are identifiable risk groups for EC in Finland. Diabetics form a suitable target population for a trial of the efficacy of screening for EC.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Brenner and transitional cell tumours of the ovary. Report of three cases.

Three rare epithelial ovarian tumours, one malignant Brenner tumour, one transitional cell carcinoma and one Brenner tumour of borderline malignancy, are presented with special emphasis on the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic modalities. Because the prognosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary is worse, as in our case, than that of the malignant Brenner tumour, this classification is justified.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Operative treatment of advanced cervical cancer after full pelvic irradiation.

We present three patients with advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with full pelvic irradiation followed by surgery 21-37 weeks after the radiation therapy. In two cases chemotherapy was given after radiotherapy due to clinical or radiological residual disease. Postoperative treatment was dependent on histological examination of the surgical specimens. If indicated chemotherapy was started or continued after surgery. No major operative complications were noticed in these three patients in spite of full preoperative pelvic radiation. The information obtained from these operations was valuable in determining the further treatment of the patients. All three patients are clinically disease free at the moment, but longer follow-up will show if this treatment modality can increase survival of advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Acute effects of m-xylene inhalation on body sway, reaction times, and sleep in man.

Nine male volunteers were exposed to either a constant or a fluctuating exposure pattern of m-xylene with a time-weighted average exposure concentration of 200 ppm in both cases. The subjects remained sedentary throughout the exposure, or the exercised at 100 W for 10 min at the beginning of the morning and the afternoon sessions. In another experiment, 12 sedentary male volunteers were exposed to a fixed 200 ppm of m-xylene. The effects of m-xylene on body sway, reaction time performance, and overnight sleep were measured. Body balance was stabilized after exposure to the peaks of 400 ppm of m-xylene in both sedentary and exercising subjects. Simple visual reaction times were prolonged after the peak exposures at rest whereas auditive choice reaction times were prolonged after peaks combined with exercise. Exposure to m-xylene at a constant level of 200 ppm did not affect the ratio of "active" to "quiet" sleep in the volunteers as measured with the static charge sensitive bed recording, but decreased slightly the number of body movements in bed. On the next morning no changes were found in body sway and reaction time performance as compared to the morning before exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Nocturnal oxygen saturation and sleep quality in long-term survivors of thoracoplasty.

The extent and the predictors of nocturnal hypoxemia were studied in 9 men and 11 women treated for pulmonary tuberculosis by thoracoplasty 30-54 years previously. The patients had a scoliotic (Cobb) angle of 4-53 degrees. Median values for pulmonary function were: forced expiratory volume in 1 s 1.2 liters (49% of the predicted value), vital capacity 1.9 liters (54%), total lung capacity 3.6 liters (62%), and supine waking partial pressure for arterial oxygen 9.7 kPa. Four patients were hypercapnic. The patients' mean nocturnal SaO2 ranged from 83 to 94% (median 91.8%), and the SaO2 level below which the patients spent 10% of the total nocturnal recording time ranged from 78 to 92% (median 89.4%). A multiple stepwise linear regression analysis identified supine waking SaO2 as a significant predictor of nocturnal O2 desaturation, accounting for about 80% of the variability in nocturnal SaO2 levels; lung function values and Cobb angle were not significant independent predictors. The sleep quality, assessed by EEG, was good. It is concluded that in thoracoplasty patients with mild hypoxemia during wakefulness, the degree of sleep-related oxygen desaturation was modest and closely related to the waking level of SaO2.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Nocturnal oxygen saturation and sleep quality in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during treatment with moderate dose CR-theophylline.

The effect of a 24-h controlled-release (CR) preparation of theophylline (Th) on nocturnal arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and sleep quality has been evaluated in 7 patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a double-blind cross-over experiment; median values: age 61 y; PaO2 8.0 kPa; PaCO2 5.8 kPa. During treatment with 450-900 mg Th in the evening, morning plasma drug levels ranged from 5.2-12.9 micrograms.ml-1. During Th and placebo treatment, the median evening FEV1 was 0.45 l and 0.46 l, respectively, and the morning FEV1 was 0.53 l and 0.41 l. Sleep was monitored by whole-night polysomnographic recording of oximetric SaO2, airflow, respiratory and body movements (static charge sensitive bed), eye movements and submental electromyogram. There was no significant difference between Th and placebo in sleep quality. Th treatment was associated with a marginal improvement in nocturnal oxygenation in most of the patients; the average nocturnal SaO2 ranged from 84.4%-92.8% during Th and from 82.2-90.5% during placebo treatment, respectively. Only in the morning, during the last 2 h in bed, was the slight difference in SaO2 statistically significant in favour of Th. It is concluded that a moderate dose of CR-theophylline did not alter the sleep quality or substantially improve nocturnal oxygenation in patients with advanced COPD and mild to moderate day-time hypoxaemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Radiation sensitivity of endometrial carcinoma in vitro.

The role of radiation therapy is essential in the treatment of endometrial carcinoma. The present knowledge of the radiation sensitivity of endometrial carcinoma is mostly empirical and based on clinical trials. To study the inherent radiation sensitivity of endometrial carcinoma, we tested two long-established cell lines (RL95-2, KLE) and four new, low-passage cell lines (UM-EC-1, UM-EC-2, UM-EC-3, UT-EC-1) by using a 96-well plate clonogenic assay. This method has proved to be suitable for clonogenic studies of both squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and adenocarcinomas in our recent works. Plating efficiencies of the cell lines tested varied from 0.005 to 0.45. Cells were irradiated in suspension with a 4-MeV linear accelerator at a dose rate of 2.0 Gy/min. Survival data were fitted by the linear quadratic function F = exp (-(alpha D + beta D2)). Radiation sensitivity was expressed as the area under the curve (AUC), equivalent to the mean inactivation dose. UM-EC-1 and UT-EC-1 were the most radiation-resistant cell lines tested (AUC greater than 1.6 Gy), while UM-EC-3 was the most sensitive (AUC = 1.0 Gy). The difference in radiation sensitivity between these cell lines was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). As a group, endometrial carcinoma cell lines were clearly more radiosensitive than most SCC lines of head and neck and vulva earlier tested by us. However, our results showed also great variance in the inherent radiation sensitivity between individual cell lines derived from endometrial carcinomas.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed1992

Interictal brain 99Tc-HM-PAO SPECT hypoperfusion in patients with unstable partial epilepsy and normal CT.

Brain perfusion was studied interictally with 99mTc-HM-PAO SPECT in 47 adult patients with partial epilepsy and normal brain CT. Epilepsy was classified as secondarily generalized in 24 patients, as complex partial in 17 patients and as simple partial in 6 patients. In 24 patients good seizure control was not achieved as these patients had a median number of 78 seizures during the preceding month, while in the rest of the patients seizure control was relatively good (less than 6 seizures during preceding month). Local brain hypoperfusion was observed in 41 or 87% of the patients. Hypoperfusion was located close to the EEG foci in 76% and equally often with temporal and frontal foci. Hypoperfusion and the EEG focus were located on the same side in 83%. Hypoperfusion was more frequent in secondarily generalized epilepsy and simple partial epilepsy than in complex partial epilepsy. Left-sided hypoperfusion was especially associated with complex partial epilepsy. It is likely that the significant epileptogenic brain area was revealed in patients with SPECT focus and EEG focus in the same brain area. In one of our patients MRI showed a small temporal lesion which on successful removal was identified as a low-grade oligodendroglioma. Abnormalities of regional brain uptake of HM-PAO demonstrated by SPECT in patients with partial epilepsy and normal brain CT give further information about pathophysiology in partial epilepsy; this may be of use both for selecting appropriate therapy and in presurgical localization of foci.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Nocturnal oxygen saturation in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after a moderate dose of ethanol.

The effect of a moderate oral dose of ethanol/(0.5 g.kg-1 body weight) on nocturnal arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was evaluated in nine male patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), (median forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 0.9 l, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) 9.3 kPa, arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) 5.3 kPa). During the four study nights (two after alcohol and two after placebo intake), the patients were monitored by whole-night computerized recordings of SaO2 (Biox-oximeter), airflow (thermistors) and respiratory as well as body movements (static charge sensitive bed). After alcohol intake, the mean blood ethanol concentration (SEM) in the evening was 42(2.3) mg.100 ml-1. Alcohol intake was associated with a marginal deterioration of nocturnal oxygenation; the mean (SEM) nocturnal SaO2 was 88.4(2.0) % after alcohol ingestion and 89.1(1.6) % after placebo ingestion, respectively. Only during the first 2 h in bed was there a statistically significant difference in SaO2 in favour of placebo (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that moderate alcohol intake in the evening, corresponding to "social" drinking, did not substantially aggravate nocturnal oxygenation in our patients with advanced COPD and mild to moderate daytime hypoxaemia.

Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous↗
PubMed1991

Atrial natriuretic peptide in habitual snorers.

We studied nocturnal and early morning variations in the concentration of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in 17 men who habitually snored. The subjects had a mean age of 51.0 +/- 5.8 years, range 41-62 y with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 32.9 +/- 7.3 kg/m2. The concentration of plasma ANP was measured by radioimmunoassay of venous samples at 10 p.m., midnight, 6 p.m. and 8 p.m. All night sleep recordings were conducted with the static charge sensitive bed to monitor body and breathing movements and a BIOX III Pulse Oximeter for the blood oxygen saturation level. Nine patients were defined as having the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). No significant diurnal variation for ANP concentrations was detected. At 8 a.m. five OSAS patients and two others had ANP concentrations above normal (70 pg/ml). Neither mean oxygen saturation during the night nor arterial hypertension discriminated between the high and low ANP groups at 8 a.m. The best discriminators for a high concentration of ANP at 8 p.m. were marked obesity (BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2), over 400 movements lasting less than five seconds, and over 30% of active sleep per night. In a multivariate regression analysis age, percentage of active sleep during the night, BMI and the median oxygen saturation level during the night explained 76.4% of the total variance of ANP at 8 a.m. In a similar analysis the median oxygen saturation level during the night and BMI both explained the variance of ANP significantly. The whole model explained 53.7% of the variance of the ANP concentrations at 6 a.m.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗