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Biomedical subjects

T Shiga

Publications and source records attributed to T Shiga.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Decreased viscosity of human erythrocyte suspension due to drug-induced spherostomatocytosis.

The effect of two cationic drugs (chlorpromazine and isoxsuprine) on the suspension viscosity of human erythrocytes were examined, comparing with the effect of anionic drugs. (1) As increasing the drug concentrations, the cationic drugs transformed the erythrocytes to stomatocytes, then to spherostomatocytes, while trinitrobenzene sulfonate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and lysolecithin induced echinocytes, as well known. (2) The suspension viscosity decreased in parallel with the appearance of spherostomatocytes, but it increased in echinocytosis. (3) The membrane fluidity, measured by spin label method, was not a major determinant for the suspension viscosity in these cases, because of no systematic correlation. (4) The rheoscopic observation under shear force demonstrated that the spherostomatocytes deformed easily to ellipsoid with smooth cell surface, while the echinocytes less easily deformed to ellipsoid on which the small spikes persisted at higher shear. These distinct difference in deformed shape under high shear force could be related to the decreased suspension viscosity of spherostomatocytes. (5) In addition, the transformation to spherostomatocytes, thus the decreased viscosity, was primarily determined by the intramembraneous drug concentration.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1980

Convergence to genetically uniform state in stepping stone models of population genetics.

We investigate continuous time stepping stone model. Extending the models treated in population genetics, we consider the system described by the following infinite dimensional stochastic differential equation, (see text in formula) which contains the effects of random sampling drift and a kind of stochastic fluctuation in selection. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the system to converge to a genetically uniform state.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of cholesterol on human erythrocyte membrane. A spin label study.

The effect of cholesterol on the membrane fluidity of human erythrocytes has been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, sensing the motion of androstane and fatty acid spin labeles in the cell membrane and in vesicles made from extracted phospholipids. 1. Androstane spin label (ASL) was incorporated from ASL-containing phospholipid vesicles into the erythrocyte membrane, essentially by a partition mechanism in proportion to their phospholipid contents. 2. On increasing the cholesterol or ASl content in the cell membrane, the spin label was gradually immobilized. 3. ASL motion in the cell membrane seemed to be primarily determined by the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio, regardless of the membrane protein-lipid interaction, as judged from the temperature effects on the ESR spectra of both membranes. 4. However, glutaraldehyde pretreatment induced considerable changes of the cholesterol-lipid interaction in the cell membrane, i.e., strong immobilization and cluster formation of ASL were observed.

Androstanes↗
PubMed1980

Functional restoration of ACD-blood by pyrodoxal 5'-phosphate.

Successful application of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) to restore the oxygen transport function of ACD-stored blood is described. PLP is readily incorporated into ACD-erythrocytes by both carrier-mediated transport (in which ATP may participate) and passive diffusion. Plasma proteins (up to 2.5%) and inorganic phosphate (up to 40 mM) do not affect the incorporation of PLP, though more than 25 mM inorganic phosphate is necessary for the maintenance of ATP levels. Increasing the PLP concentration and/or decreasing the packed cell volume in the medium, increases the incorporation of PLP. Incubation of erythrocytes with PLP at pH 7.0 is most suitable for incorporation of PLP and the maintenance of ATP levels. PLP incorporated into erythrocytes restores the oxygen transport function of the ACD-erythrocytes, though decreased haem--haem interaction is observed. A procedure for the clinical application of PLP-loaded erythrocytes is suggested.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1980

A method for studying oxygen diffusion barrier in erythrocytes: effects of haemoglobin content and membrane cholesterol.

1. In order to study the kinetics os the oxygen egress from human red cells in the 50 sec-20 min time range, an apparatus for measuring the oxygen dissociation process was constructed, combining a spectrophotometer with an oxygen electrode of quick response. 2. Starting from air-saturated haemolysate or red cell suspensions, the velocity of oxygen dissociation from oxyhaemoglobin (Vdiss) and of oxygen disappearance in the medium (Vobs) after addition of bakers' yeast (consuming the dissolved oxygen at the velocity of Vconsump) were recorded. A parameter (r) was defined as the ratio of two velocities, Vegress (the velocity of oxygen egress into the medium) and Vdiss, r identical to Vegress/Vdiss = (Vconsump -Vobs)/Vdiss. Vcomsump could be calculated by the Michaelis-Menten equation as follows, Vconsump = Vmax [O2]/(Km + [O2]), where Vmax was the maximal velocity of oxygen consumption of bakers' yeast. 3. The r value was always 1.0 for the haemolysate, but it was less than 1.0 for the normal red cells. Further, the oxygen dissociation curve of red cells obtained at higher Vmax was distorted, due to the non-equilibration between intra- and extracellular oxygen concentrations. 4. The r value was (i) independent of the amounts of the allosteric effectors (2,3-diphosphoglycerate and H+) but (ii) dependent on the haemoglobin contents and (iii) dependent on the amounts of the membrane cholesterol. Therefore, the r value reflected only the process of the oxygen diffusion but not the "chemical reaction' rate. The "barrier' of the oxygen diffusion decreased at lower haemoglobin contents, but increased at higher cholesterol contents in the membrane.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1979

The decreased membrane fluidity of in vivo aged, human erythrocytes. A spin label study.

The decreased membrane fluidity of the in vivo aged, human erythrocytes is found, by monitoring the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of fatty acid spin labels incorporated into the membrane. In addition, the decreased cell sizes and the decreased cholesterol and phospholipids contents, without significant changes of the quantity of the membrane proteins, also the decrease of ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and the increase of ADP and AMP, in the aged cells, were observed. Further the functional impairments of the aged cells, i.e. the increased oxygen affinity and the decreased deformability, were shown. On the basis of these quantitative data, the alteration of the protein-lipid organization, due to decreased lipid/protein ratio, the modified protein-lipid interaction and/or the influences of the diminished ATP content, is suggested to contribute towards the decreased membrane fluidity of the in vivo aged erythrocytes.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1979

A kinetic measurement of red cell deformability: a modified micropipette aspiration technique.

A kinetic measurement of the red cell deformability is developed, modifying the micropipette aspiration technique of BRAASCH (1971). The sedimented human red cells on a slide-glass are individually aspirated into a micropipette by negative pressure (delta P), and the decreasing "velocity (v)" of the applied electric current, due to the aspirating cell, is taken as a measure of the "easiness" of the cell to enter into the small orifice of the micropipette (inner diameter, 2 R congruent to 3 micrometer). An empirical relation, v infinity (pi r2) . (delta P) . ("deformability"), is obtained. In order to test the validity of the method, some factors influencing the deformability are studied: i.e., the "velocity" decreases as lowering temperature; the "velocity" of the glutaraldehyde-pretreated cells and of both in vivo and in vitro aged cells decreases. Therefore, the parameter, "velocity (v)," reflects the deformability well. In addition, if a few assumptions could be allowed, v would be related to the Young's modulus of the membrane.

Erythrocyte Aging↗