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Biomedical subjects

T Shintani

Publications and source records attributed to T Shintani.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

IgG.antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against cultured liver cells in patients with chronic active hepatitis.

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was studied in patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and normal controls (N) using a non-immune allogeneic lymphocytes and cultured rat parenchymal cells (Coon cells). Normal non sheep erythrocyte rosette forming cells (non E-RFC) alone showed a mild cytotoxicity to Coon cells in the absence of human sera (21.5 +/- 1.5) and in the presence of N sera (26.0) +/- 1.5) and in the presence of N sera (29.0) +/- 5.1), however, preincubation of Coon cells with CAH sera significantly augmented the cytotoxic activity of normal non E-RFC (49.4 +/- 8.7). This was blocked by aggregated IgG, anti-IgG and anti-IgG/Fc. CAH sera absorbed with Coon cells or rat hepatocyte-surface membranes failed to induce significant target cell lysis. In the absence of normal non E-RFC, N and CAH sera alone did not provoke cytotoxicity to Coon cells. Using membrane immunofluorescence method membrane-fixed IgG on target Coon cells was demonstrated in 7 of 10 sera from CAH. It seems likely that the IgG.antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity may play a role in pathogenesis of CAH.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

On zeta functions associated with prehomogeneous vector spaces.

In this note, we construct certain families of Dirichlet series that satisfy functional equations. We shall also indicate an arithmetical application of our results. The work presented here depends upon the theory of prehomogeneous vector spaces.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elevated urinary free cortisol in patients with dementia.

Urinary free cortisol (UFC), 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) in urine and dexamethasone suppression test (DST) were examined in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and multi-infarct dementia (MID), and nondemented elderly. Eight of 19 patients (42.1%) were DST nonsuppressor. UFC was significantly elevated in patients with dementia, compared with that in nondemented elderly. There was no difference in UFC levels between DAT and MID. The UFC level correlated with post-DST plasma cortisol level at 1600 in demented patients. The mean level of 17-OHCS in demented patients was increased, although the difference was not significant statistically. In demented patients, UFC levels, not 17-OHCS levels in urine were correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination scores. These results suggest that a hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis function is activated in demented patients and that this activation relates generally to dementation itself, not to an etiology of dementia. Measurement of UFC might be a biological marker of dementia and may have a value in diagnosis of dementia.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of nano-optical probe from scanning near-field optical microscope images.

We studied a nanometre-sized optical probe in a scanning near-field optical microscope. The probe profile is determined by using a knife-edge method and a modulated transfer function evaluation method which uses nanometre-sized line-and-space tungsten patterns (with spaces 1 microm to 50 nm apart) on SiO2 substrates. The aluminium-covered, pipette-pulled fibre probe used here has two optical probes: one with a large diameter (350 nm) and the other with a small diameter (10 nm). The small-diameter probe has an optical intensity approximately 63 times larger than that of the large-diameter probe, but the power is about 1/25 of that of the large probe.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Middle ear imaging using virtual endoscopy and its application in patients with ossicular chain anomaly.

Virtual endoscopy (VE) is a recently developed technique to provide a realistic surface rendering of various organs, which can be applied to the use of three-dimensional (3D) studies of several lesions. However, its advantages in otological disease have not been well investigated. In this study, we evaluated the application of VE in patients with ossicular chain anomalies. Virtual middle ear endoscopy was a time-saving method, however, we needed the appropriate technical procedures of algorithm and reconstruction spacing to generate accurate 3D images of ossicles. We obtained virtual surgical views of middle ear structures and related anomalies, and confirmed by intraoperative findings that these images were mostly compatible with the actual lesions of ossicles. VE allowed an identification of the anatomy of the ossicles and adjacent structures simultaneously. The elements of the stapedial crura were clearly visualized with VE images in 93.3% of normal ears. Pathological ossicular chain findings such as malleus or incus fixation, dislocation and disruption, except footplate fixation were investigated successfully. One possible procedure, using alterable CT value in the obtained VE images on the monitor, is proposed for further detection of fine lesions of the ossicles. These observations suggest that virtual middle ear simulations accurately represent major intraoperative findings. This technique may have an important role in preoperative planning, surgical training, and/or postoperative evaluation in otology.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relation between vestibular function and speech recognition in postlingually deafened adults with cochlear implantation.

Thirty-one postlingually deafened adults with 22-channel cochlear implants were evaluated preoperatively using vestibular function tests, the caloric test and stabilometry. The results of caloric response were classified into two diagnostic groups: normo- or hyporeflexia and areflexia. Stabilometric recordings were made using a computerized static posturographic platform. Between the two categories of caloric response, there was a significant difference in consonant recognition, but the recognition of vowels showed no significant difference. The results of the distance of body sway in stabilometry, but not of the area, correlated to the results of consonant recognition in speech perception tests. The degree of residual vestibular function seems to be one of the indicators influencing postoperative speech recognition by cochlear implant patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical strategy of cochlear implantation in patients with chronic middle ear disease.

We report 10 postlingually deafened adults in whom the electrophysical criteria for cochlear implant were fulfilled, except that they showed the following unfavorable middle ear lesions: otitis media with effusion, chronic perforative otitis media, cholesteatoma and previous radical ear operation. Staged operations for cochlear implant were performed in 8 cases, and 2 patients who had undergone radical ear operation had a single-stage operation. As a first step, one of the following was performed in each patient as surgically indicated: myringoplasty with or without mastoidectomy, mastoidectomy with reconstruction of the posterior wall of the external canal, mastoidectomy with the insertion of a ventilation tube, radical mastoidectomy or surgical cleansing of the radical cavity. From 6 months to 2.5 years after the first operation, the actual cochlear implant was performed in the second or third stage. There was no major complication as a result of electrode insertion into the cochlea and the results of speech perception in these cases were not different from those in patients with normal middle ears. In our experience, it was considered that the staged operations would enable successful cochlear implants in selected patients with pathological middle ear lesions even if they had previously been diagnosed as contraindicated for this procedure. In a case with radical ear cavity a single-stage operation could be performed when there was no cavity problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the role of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and facial morphology in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

We evaluated the role of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and facial morphology in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and compared these data with an age-matched control group. We performed cephalometric analysis to evaluate facial morphology using lateral facilal roentgenograms. Adenotonsillar and maxillary hypertrophy was remarkable in OSA children. Maxillary protrusion was significantly smaller in the OSA group than in the control group in older children (5-9 years old). Mandibular protrusion was significantly smaller in the OSA group even at younger ages (1-2 years old). The hyoid bone was significantly lower in the OSA group than in the control group at age 3-6 years. Both environmental factors due to upper airway obstruction and genetic factors are suspected as causes of abnormal facial morphology in OSA children.

Adenoids↗