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Biomedical subjects

T Shono

Publications and source records attributed to T Shono.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease by anorectal manometry.

Anorectal manometry was performed in 48 Japanese children with Hirschsprung's disease and 61 normal children. The resting pressure of the rectum and anal canal was not significantly different between these groups of subjects. The frequency of rhythmical contractions of the anal canal of patients was significantly lower than for the normal subjects, but the frequencies overlapped considerably. Therefore, the frequency is an inadequate indicator for identifying these patients. Conventional manometry elicited a distinct rectoanal relaxation reflex from 90% of the normal children, and the rate increased to 98% when indistinct reflexes were regarded as positive. Indistinct reflexes often occur in neonates, possibly because the constriction of the anal canal is weak. However, when prostaglandin F2 alpha was intravenously administered during the examination, all ambiguous reflexes became distinct. Of patients with Hirschsprung's disease, 4% had a distinct reflex and 19% an atypical one. Most of the atypical reflexes were regarded as being artifacts and were mostly attributed to distension by a balloon. In these patients, the reflex was abolished in case of examination with electric stimulation or stimulation with cold water, procedures which do not dilate the rectum. Moreover these atypical reflexes did not fit the criteria for the normal rectoanal relaxation reflex prepared by the Japan Study Group of Pediatric Intestinal Manometry. The use of electric stimulation, cold water, or intravenously administered prostaglandin F2 alpha improves reliability of the conventional anorectal manometry. A clear and accurate definition of the normal reflex should aid in excluding the atypical reflex.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1989

Distribution and localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein in colons affected by Hirschsprung's disease.

The distribution and localization of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein were examined by means of immunohistochemistry in normoganglionic, oligoganglionic, and aganglionic segments of colons from 25 patients with Hirschsprung's disease, including four cases of long segment aganglionosis. In normoganglionic segments, GFA protein-positive glial cells were densely distributed within the myenteric plexus, but sparse in the submucous plexus. Aganglionic segments were completely devoid of glial cells with GFA protein immunoreactivity, coinciding with the lack of enteric ganglia. Instead, GFA protein was found specifically in association with the hypertrophic nerve fasciculi and their branches, which were mainly located in the intermuscular zone and submucosal connective tissue in the distal aganglionic segment of diseased bowels. However, two types of short and long segment aganglionosis differed in the distribution pattern of GFA protein; the extrinsic nerve fasciculi in short segment disease extended toward the normoganglionic segment, but in long segment disease they did not reach this area. A moderate number of GFA protein-positive fasciculi were observed within the circular muscle layer of proximal aganglionic and oligoganglionic parts in short segment aganglionosis, while no immunoreactive fasciculi were encountered within the circular muscle layer of the corresponding parts in long segment aganglionosis. Immunohistochemistry for GFA protein can be of excellent diagnostic value for the aganglionic colon with Hirschsprung's disease, since GFA protein immunohistochemistry discloses exclusively extrinsic, hypertrophic nerve fasciculi, characteristic of the bowel in cases of Hirschsprung's disease.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Autonomic innervation of the intestine from a baby with megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: I. Immunohistochemical study.

A typical case of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is reported. The patient, an infant girl, was fed only by total intravenous nutrition and is now 3 years old. The distribution of several gut peptides was examined in the resected small intestine using an immunohistochemical method. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine methionine (PHM)-containing nerve fibers were decreased; however, substance P- and leucine enkephalin (Leu-ENK)-containing fibers were increased. The imbalance between several kinds of gut peptides might be one the causes of aperistalsis in MMIHS. This is the first report about the gut peptides of MMIHS.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMed1989

Experimental free muscle transplantation to the anus using microsurgical technique--a new treatment for anal incontinence.

Experimental free muscle transplantations to the anus with microneurovascular anastomoses were performed in twenty-one dogs as a model of new treatment for anal incontinence. After undergoing subtotal external sphincterectomy, gracilis muscles were transferred to the anus with microneurovascular anastomoses in Group I (n = 9), without microneurovascular anastomoses in Group II (n = 6), and the muscle transfers were not performed in Group III (n = 6). The mean anal canal pressures decreased to 24.4% of preoperative pressure at one month after subtotal external sphincterectomy. But at six months after muscle transplantation they restored up to 80.7% of preoperative pressure in Group I, 54.7% in Group II and the pressure did not restore in Group III (p less than 0.001 Group I vs Group II and III). Electromyographic study of the graft showed the electrical activity in six of seven dogs (85.7%) in Group I and electrical activity of the graft were not recognized in Group II at six months after transplantation. Histologic study of the graft showed the normal pattern of the muscle fibers in 75-80% of the graft in Group I, and fibrotic degeneration in most areas of the graft in Group II at six months after gracilis muscle transplantation.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1989

Anorectal manometry after Ikeda's Z-shaped anastomosis in Hirschsprung's disease.

The intraluminal pressure of the rectum and anal canal were measured in patients with Hirschsprung's disease before and after Ikeda's Z-shaped anastomosis, and the association of the pressure with postoperative capability of fecal continence was assessed. Radical operation did not alter rectal pressure but did decrease anal-canal pressure. Rhythmical anal contractions increased in frequency until a normal level was attained. The rectoanal relaxation reflex became distinct with time, and 45% of patients eventually attained the reflex after operation. In patients who postoperatively attained satisfactory fecal continence or, at least, only soiling, resting pressure in the anorectum and the frequency of rhythmical anal-canal contractions were similar to those for normal children. The rectoanal relaxation reflex was induced in 58% of the former and 27% of the latter. In patients with postoperative constipation, the intraluminal resting pressure of the anorectum was elevated without the relaxation reflex response. In patients with incontinence, the pressure of the anal canal was low, without a reflex response. These findings indicate that the high and low values of the resting pressure of the anal canal are responsible for constipation and incontinence, respectively, and that the presence of rectoanal relaxation reflex may represent one aspect of a normal defecation function.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1986

[Effects of MY-5116 on PCA reaction and on the histamine release from peritoneal cells induced by antigen antibody reactions].

Influences of the new compound MY-5116: isoamyl 5,6-dihydro-7,8-dimethyl-4,5-dioxo-4H-pyrano (3,2-C) quinoline-2-carboxylate and its metabolites were investigated on 48-hr rat homologous PCA (PCA) and the release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by antigen antibody reaction (histamine release). MY-5116 (30 mg/kg) inhibited PCA significantly from 10 min to 2 hr after oral administration, and its ID50 (30 min) was 19.1 mg/kg. The inhibitory effect of its main metabolite, MY-1250, was the most potent among all the metabolites, 7HPQ, 8HPQ, 7CPQ and 8CPQ on the PCA (i.v.). Effect of MY-5116 suspended in 1% CMC on the PCA increased gradually after intravenous administration, but MY-1250 suppressed PCA immediately after intravenous injection. MY-5116 dissolved in DMSO in the concentration of 10(-7)-10(-6) g/ml didn't inhibit the histamine release, but the metabolite MY-1250 inhibited the histamine release. On the other experiment, MY-1250 inhibited the histamine release (IC50: 1.4 X 10(-7) g/ml), and MY-1250 was 17 times more potent than DSCG (2.4 X 10(-6) g/ml). From these results, it is suggested that MY-1250 is the main active metabolite of MY-5116.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

[Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides and development of resistance to them].

After the structures of pyrethrins, the insecticidal components of pyrethrum flowers, were determined, syntheses of derivatives of them were undertaken, and first generation synthetic pyrethroids, such as allethrin, resmethrin and phenothrin, were produced. Due to lack of photostability in these compounds, their use was limited to the control of sanitary or household pests. The syntheses of second generation synthetic pyrethroids, i.e., permethrin and fenvalerate, overcame a lack of photostability. These are now widely employed in the areas of agriculture and public health. Development of resistance in insect pests is the only difficulty to the future success of ideal insecticides, or synthetic pyrethroides. In this review, information regarding the development of pyrethroid resistance is summerized, and also the importance of nerve insensitivity to the chemicals, as a mechanism of resistance in insects pests, is pointed out.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Quantitative determinations of HDL2 and HDL3 in patients with liver disease.

To elucidate the role of the liver in the metabolism of HDL subfractions, the levels of HDL2 and HDL3 were determined in the sera obtained from patients with liver disease. The determinations were carried out either by zonal ultracentrifugation or by gradient gel electrophoresis combined with HDL cholesterol measurement. Mean HDL3 cholesterol level in patients with liver cirrhosis was about one third of the normal controls whereas no significant changes were observed in HDL2 cholesterol concentration. HDL3 cholesterol levels in patients with chronic hepatitis were about a half of the controls. The levels of HDL3 cholesterol correlated significantly to the levels of serum albumin and to choline esterase activities. The results suggest either that HDL3 is synthesized in the liver or that there is a metabolic defect in the conversion of HDL2 to HDL3 in liver disease.

Adult↗