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Biomedical subjects

T Sveger

Publications and source records attributed to T Sveger.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Waist measurement correlates to a potentially atherogenic lipoprotein profile in obese 12-14-year-old children.

Epidemiological studies have indicated a relationship between overweight and cardiovascular disease. The present investigation was undertaken to identify anthropometric variables in childhood which may reflect the risk of cardiovascular disease in terms of unfavourable changes in apolipoprotein and lipid concentrations. Twenty-nine obese 14-year-olds and 32 obese 12-year-olds were recruited from a school screening programme and anthropometric data reflecting overweight and fat distribution were subjected to analysis of covariance, with blood pressure, apolipoprotein and lipid concentrations as dependent variables. Results from the two groups were adjusted for puberty, gender and screening group, allowing pooling of data. After such an adjustment, waist circumference was significantly correlated (r = partial correlation coefficient) to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r = -0.08, p < 0.05) and triglycerides (r = +0.24, p < 0.01). The waist:hip ratio was significantly correlated to HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.10, p < 0.01) and triglycerides (r = +0.22, p < 0.01). BMI was significantly correlated to triglycerides (r = +0.25, p < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (r = +0.08, p < 0.05). The partial regression coefficients for waist circumference versus apolipoprotein B (r = +0.07) and the apolipoprotein B:A-I ratio (r = +0.06) were as strong as those for waist:hip ratio (r = +0.03 and r = +0.05, respectively). Our results demonstrate that abdominal obesity is associated with an unfavourable lipid profile in obese 12-14-year-old children. This may be related to an increased cardiovascular risk later in life. The waist measurement appears to be a convenient and informative anthropometric indicator of such metabolic alterations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Lung function in adolescents with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, screened at birth, were followed prospectively. At 16 years of age, 150 adolescents (103 PiZ, 1 PiZ-, 1 PiS-, 45 PiSZ) were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and asked to participate in an extensive lung function study including part or all of the following tests: FVC, FEV1 before and 15 min after four inhaled doses of salbutamol, TLC, RV and FRC. Fifty age-, sex- and height-matched adolescents participated as controls. No significant differences in age, height or weight were found between the PiZ, PiSZ and control groups. No significant differences were found in respiratory symptoms, parental smoking history or the smoking habits of PiZ, PiSZ and control subjects. Asthma occurred in 10.7% of PiZ, 6.5% of PiSZ and 4% of control adolescents (p = 0.33). Only 3 of 100 PiZ and 1 of 45 PiSZ adolescents were smokers. No significant contribution of alpha 1-antitrypsin Pi-type was found to explain the variation in lung function variables studied. We conclude that children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency have a favourable prognosis and normal lung development up to 16 years of age. Anti-smoking advice was found to be reasonably successful; only 3% of those answering the questionnaire had started to smoke.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Prevention of progression to severe obesity in a group of obese schoolchildren treated with family therapy.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of family therapy on childhood obesity. DESIGN: Clinical trial. One year follow-up. SETTING: Referral from school after screening. PARTICIPANTS: Of 1774 children (aged 10 to 11), screened for obesity, 44 obese children were divided into two treatment groups. In an untreated control group of 50 obese children, screened in the same manner, body mass index (BMI) values were recorded twice, at 10 to 11 and at 14 years of age. INTERVENTION: Both treatment groups received comparable dietary counseling and medical checkups for a period of 14 to 18 months, while one of the groups also received family therapy. RESULTS: At the 1-year follow-up, when the children were 14 years of age, intention-to-treat analyses were made of the weight and height data for 39 of 44 children in the two treatment groups and for 48 of the 50 control children. The increase of BMI in the family therapy group was less than in the conventional treatment group at the end of treatment, and less than in the control group (P = .04 and P = .02, respectively). Moreover, mean BMI was significantly lower in the family therapy group than in the control group (P < .05), and the family therapy group also had fewer children with BMI > 30 than the control group (P = .02). The reduction of triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, expressed as percentages of the initial values, was significantly greater in the family therapy group than in the conventional treatment group (P = .03, P = .005 and P = .002, respectively), and their physical fitness was significantly better (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Family therapy seems to be effective in preventing progression to severe obesity during adolescence if the treatment starts at 10 to 11 years of age.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1992

Protease inhibitors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from neonates with special reference to secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor.

An imbalance of proteolytic enzymes and protease inhibitors may contribute to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We studied secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (not previously addressed), and alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and elastase. Albumin was used as an internal reference. Infants with pneumonia had higher concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (p = 0.02) and elastase (p = 0.04) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid than those with respiratory distress syndrome; those who also developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia had intermediate values. A decreased concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin was found in the second and third postnatal weeks (p = 0.002). Further detailed studies of the balance between proteases and protease inhibitors and of the importance of pulmonary infections in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia are suggested. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is important both as an elastase inhibitor of bronchial mucus and as a marker of infection in the bronchi.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1992

Red cell sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase sites and intracellular sodium increased in obese school children.

Principally to ascertain whether mineral metabolism is involved in weight regulation, the 40 most obese of 1,774 children, aged 10-11 years, screened for obesity were compared with 46 age-matched controls. The obese children had more 3H-Ouabain erythrocyte binding sites (p = 0.04), higher intracellular sodium (p = 0.04), and lower plasma sodium (p = 0.002). After exclusion of the non-Scandinavians, the p values were p = 0.02, p = 0.03, and p = 0.03, respectively. Analysis of variance also showed the differences to be more dependent on obesity than on gender or nationality. It is concluded that obese children have more 3H-Ouabain erythrocyte binding sites indicating an increase of the sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity. The increase of intracellular sodium may increase the risk of future hypertension.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1990

Apolipoprotein A-I:B ratio and B screening: a preliminary study of 10- and 11-year-old children.

The apolipoprotein (apo) A-I:B ratio and the apo B concentration were determined by radial immunodiffusion in dried blood spot samples from 1,767 10- and 11-year-old children. Children with either apo A-I:B ratios below the first percentile or apo B levels above the 99th were recalled and plasma lipid and apolipoprotein profiles were determined for both children and parents. Of 17 children (one family was lost to follow-up) recalled due to abnormal apo A-I:B ratios, apo B levels were above the 95th percentile in 13 children, and of 18 children with abnormal apo B screening levels (three of them also had abnormal apo A-I:B ratios), the plasma apo B level was elevated in 13 children. The 23 children with abnormal blood lipid and/or apolipoprotein concentrations were divided into two main groups: (a) children with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia and (b) children with hyperapo B lipoproteinemia (hyperapo B) and normal blood lipid levels. Twelve children had the type IIa pattern. Five children likely had familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), the other seven children may have hypercholesterolemia due to obesity or environmental factors. Eleven children had the hyperapo B abnormality. In four children, the elevated apo B level probably was an indication of the occurrence of familial combined hypercholesterolemia (FCH) in the family. Of the remaining seven hyperapo B children, three children also had a parent with hyperapo B and a fourth family suffered from obesity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1989

Apolipoproteins A-I and B in obese children.

Body mass index (BMI), the distribution of fat, birth weight, physical fitness, apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and B, total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were studied in 38 obese 10- to 11-year-olds in comparison to 52 age-matched controls. Obese children had higher concentration of apo B and a lower apo A-I:B ratio. Significant correlations were found between (a) apo A-I and physical fitness (r = 0.35, p less than 0.015), triceps skinfold thickness (r = 0.44, p less than 0.01), and birth weight (r = -0.33, p less than 0.05); (b) physical fitness and triceps skinfold thickness (r = 0.38, p less than 0.05), and (c) the apo A-I:B ratio and triceps skinfold thickness (r = 0.31, p less than 0.05). When both obese and control children were grouped together, a correlation was found between BMI and TC (r = 0.24, p less than 0.05), apo B (r = 0.37, p less than 0.001), and the apo A-I:B ratio (r = -0.31, p less than 0.01). Multiple regression analyses indicated a significant positive contribution to the apo A-I level by HDLC and physical fitness and a negative one by birth weight.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1988

The natural history of liver disease in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficient children.

During 1972-1974, 200,000 Swedish infants were screened for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Of 127 PiZ (Protease inhibitor) children followed from infancy to 12 years of age, four PiZ children with neonatal liver disease have died; two of liver cirrhosis, one was found to have liver cirrhosis at autopsy, having died of aplastic anemia and the fourth died in an accident. Liver microscopy showed a mild increase of periportal fibrous tissue. Another PiZ child died of anaphylactic shock. At 12 years of age, none of the PiZ children have clinical symptoms of liver disease. No PiZ-, PiSZ, PiS- or PiFZ child has had any clinical symptom of liver disease. One PiSZ child died of sudden infant death syndrome. Laboratory analyses from birth through 12 years of age have shown increased S-Bilirubin levels in 11% of the PiZ infants, which normalized within the first half year of life. S-GT was abnormal in about half of the infants, but had normalized when checked at 8 and 12 years of age in all but 6-3% of the PiZ children. The percentage of abnormal S-ALAT test results have decreased from 73% during the first year of life, to about 15% at the age of 12. The range of the abnormal levels also decreased considerably. Abnormal S-GT or S-ALAT levels were found in about 20% of the PiSZ infants, the proportion decreasing to 2% at the age of 12.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1987

Hyperlipidemia in school children with family histories of premature coronary heart disease.

Children starting their schooling were given a questionnaire asking about the occurrence of premature (before 50 years of age in men, 55 years in women) coronary heart disease (CHD) in first degree relatives. 1,920 of 2,069 questionnaires were answered, 140 of the 7-year-old children were reported to have a first degree relative with premature CHD, 84 of these 140 families agreed to participate in our study. In 79 of the 84 families both the child and the parent at 'high risk' were tested. In the initial test 19 of 84 children had total cholesterol (TC) levels above the 95th percentile (greater than 5.35 mmol/l). In the repeat test 12 of the 19 TC tests remained abnormal and all 12 also had LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels above the 95th percentile (greater than 3.40 mmol/l). None had abnormal HDL-cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Among the high risk parents, 12 of 79 had abnormal initial blood lipid tests. In the repeat test 10 parents had both TC and LDL-C levels above the 95th percentile. In five families both the child and the parent had abnormal TC and LDL-C levels. In conclusion, a considerable proportion of children and parents with family histories of premature CHD have TC and LDL-C concentrations above the 95th percentile (in the present study, about 40 individuals in 140 high-risk families, if the parent and child considered at high risk all had agreed to participate). Prevention of heart disease should begin in childhood when patterns of life-style are developed. Identification by obtained family histories as in the current study may be a method of choice.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Identifying children at high somatic risk: possible long-term effects on the parents' attitudes and feelings associated with the child.

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) predisposes the individual for serious lung disease in adulthood. The identification of ATD by neonatal screening was hypothesized to have negative long-term effects on the parents' attitudes and feelings associated with the child. This hypothesis was tested by comparing these attitudes and feelings of parents of 61 clinically healthy 5-7-year-old children with ATD versus those of parents of 61 control children without ATD. The data were collected by interviews in the home. No evidence was found to support the hypothesized negative effect on parental attitudes and feelings. A consistent but weak increase in positive feelings and attitudes toward the child was noted among the mothers of children with ATD.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Identifying children at high somatic risk: possible long-term effects on the parents' relationship to the child.

The identification of alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) by neonatal screening was hypothesized to have had negative long-term effects on the parents' relationship to the child. This hypothesis was tested by comparing selected aspects of the parent-child relationship in the families of 61 clinically healthy 5-7-year-old children with ATD versus the families of 61 control children without ATD. The data were collected by interviews with the parents in the home. In total, the evidence did not support the hypothesis of a negative effect on the parents' relationship to the child.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Identifying children at high somatic risk: long-term effects on mother-child interaction.

The identification of alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) by neonatal screening was hypothesized to have had negative long-term effects on the mother-child relationship. This hypothesis was tested by studying selected aspects of mother-child interaction in a structured task situation in the home, and comparing 53 cases with clinically healthy 5-7-year-old children with ATD versus 52 control cases with children without ATD. The mothers in the two groups did not differ notably from each other. However, as compared with controls, ATD-children were found to evidence considerably more problematic behavior in interacting with their mothers (being e.g. inappropriately childish, silly, precocious, inhibited, tense, irritated). The findings were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis of a negative long-term effect of identifying the child's ATD.

Child↗
PubMed1986

A prospective study of rotavirus infections in neonatal and maternity wards.

The occurrence and symptomatology of rotavirus infections was studied at three maternity wards and one neonatal unit. Rotavirus was identified in 12.7% of 553 infants and 1.3% of 542 mothers at the maternity wards. Infections were more frequent in a mixed obstetric/gynecology ward than in the pure obstetric wards. Only 10% of the infants had symptomatic infections. Subgroups of rotavirus was determined in 41 infants: 22 of subgroup I and 19 of subgroup II, which is the subgroup accounting for the majority of childhood gastroenteritis. Rotavirus was found in faecal samples from 37% of the infants at the neonatal unit during an eight-month survey. A seasonal variation with most infections during colder months was seen. Subgroup determination was possible in 29 cases, 14 subgroup I and 15 subgroup II. Fifteen per cent of the infections demonstrated diarrheal symptoms. No significant difference among other clinical data registered was seen among rotavirus infected compared to the non-infected infants. We conclude that neonatal rotavirus infections occur as an endemic infection at our maternity wards possibly combined with infections due to external sources of virus in mixed wards and neonatal units.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Identifying children at high somatic risk (alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency): possible long-term effects on parents' reproduction, marital status and social class level.

Neonatal identification of children at high somatic risk due to inherited alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) has been found to elicit a negative emotional reaction in a majority of the parents, at least initially. This sub-study was conducted to determine whether the identification and follow-up of the children's ATD had negatively influenced the families' reproduction, marital status and social class level (defined by parental occupation) during the 5 years following the identification of the children's ATD. No such negative effects were found in comparing these characteristics among 61 families with a child with ATD versus 183 control families living in the same area and having a child of the same sex and age. Unexpectedly, the ATD-children's families (fathers) had a significantly higher social class level, raising the question of a possible gene advantage associated with ATD.

Child↗