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Biomedical subjects

T Tanikawa

Publications and source records attributed to T Tanikawa.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Endoscopic operation of congenital anterior urethral valve. Application of flexible renoureteroscope for antegrade urethroscopy].

4 children with anterior urethral valve were treated by TUR-Valve. Before TUR, valve anatomy could be easily seen by antegrade urethroscopy through cystostomy using a 10.8Fr caliber flexible renoureteroscope and destruction of the valve could be recognized after TUR. Antegrade urethroscopy with a flexible fiberscope was so helpful to TUR-Valve and the findings of voiding cystourethrography and micturition have remarkably improved. This technique is not so difficult to apply and thought to be one of the best methods to recognize valve anatomy and degree of resection. This technique is also applicable to other lower urinary tract lesions in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cisplatin for advanced urothelial cancer].

Twenty cases (fourteen males, six females, mean age 66.0) with locally advanced (T2-4 N0, M0, n = 9) or metastatic (N2-3 or M1, n = 11) urothelial cancer were treated sequentially with methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), Doxorubicin (ADM), and cisplatin (CDDP) since August, 1988. Primary tumors were in the bladder in fifteen patients and in the renal pelvis or ureter in five cases. Histological findings were adenocarcinoma in one and transitional cell carcinoma in the other cases. Histological grades were grade 2 in four, grade 3 in fifteen, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in one. Seven patients were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Three were treated for recurrent lesions. Ten were treated for the unresectable disease. The patients received one to four cycles of this regimen (average: 2.8 cycles). Complete clinical response was observed in seven of twenty patients (35%) with measurable indicator lesions. Seven patients (35%) had a partial clinical response. Significant tumor regression was noted in fourteen of twenty patients (70%) in total, in eight of ten (80%) treated with full dose chemotherapy. The group of full dose chemotherapy showed an improved trend in survival rate as compared with the group treated by 80% and less dose chemotherapy. Toxicity was relatively mild, with anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and no drug related death. The results suggest that the combined chemotherapy with sequential MTX and 5-FU, ADM, and CDDP is remarkably effective on advanced urothelial cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[A case of advanced ureteral squamous cell carcinoma showing complete response to combination chemotherapy with cisplatinum, vindesine, and bleomycin].

A 56-year-old Japanese female was diagnosed as advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the left ureter, stage IV (T4N0M0), and treated with anti-cancer drugs using cis-platinum, vindesine, and bleomycin. The tumor vanished after the treatment. The specimen after left total nephroureterectomy and hysterectomy showed only granulomatous change with necrosis and foreign giant cells but not cancer cells.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

An ultrasound-guided stereotactic apparatus for intracranial mass lesions.

One of disadvantages of conventional stereotactic operation for intracranial mass lesions is that it is basically a blind procedure even if the operation is performed in a gantry of a CT scan. High resolution ultrasound image gives real-time information on intracranial pathology such as bleeding, remaining cyst fluid or haematoma. The authors report an ultrasound guided stereotactic apparatus which gives real-time images of the lesion during operation.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1991

Bilateral versus unilateral percutaneous high cervical cordotomy as a surgical method of pain relief.

The present report is concerned with the results of bilateral percutaneous high cervical cordotomy (60 patients) compared with those of unilateral cordotomy (161 patients). The result of pain relief is classified into 4 grades based on Hitchcock's criteria; grade 1: complete pain relief, grade 2: almost complete pain relief with slight residual pain, grade 3: persisting pain, but tolerable, grade 4: persisting pain, untolerable. In cases of bilateral cordotomy (60 patients), 76% of the cases showed grade 1, 19% being grade 2, 3% being grade 3 and 2% being grade 4. On the contrary, the unilateral cordotomy (161 patients) showed less impressive results, particularly in grade 1, namely, grade 1 being 64%, grade 2 being 18%, grade 3 being 14% and grade 4 being 4%. Clinically acceptable results (grade 1 plus grade 2) were, therefore, obtained in bilateral cordotomy (95%) as compared with unilateral cordotomy (82%). The difference in pain relief between bilateral and unilateral procedure observed in the present investigation is contrary to that reported previously by others. The possible explanation for less impressive result in regard to grade 1 of unilateral cordotomy is that unilateral cordotomy was performed in this series to alleviate the major side of patient's pain, followed by latent pain on the other side postoperatively, which is not uncommon phenomenon in cancer pain. Whereas all of the bilateral cordotomies were done either for midline pain or bilateral pain, unilateral cordotomy gave satisfactory pain relief in some cases of midline pain. Midline pain, therefore, does not necessarily require bilateral cordotomies from a clinical point of view.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The advantage of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a method of microbiological monitoring for rat virus (RV).

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was tested to detect antibodies against rat virus (RV). The purified ELISA antigens were prepared from rat embryonic cells infected with RV-13 (prototype strain) and UT-2 (Japanese isolate), respectively. Western blotting analysis confirmed that both of these antigens had three structural polypeptides (81 K, 61 K, and 59 K). Eleven laboratory and wild rat colonies in Japan were tested for rat virus contamination, serologically. No significant differences in the sero-positive ratio and the distributions of ELISA titers were demonstrated in the ELISA, using antigens from RV-13 and UT-2. ELISA was more sensitive and specific for detecting antibodies against RV from rat serum rather than hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. This study also confirmed that the RV contaminated widely in colonies of laboratory and wild rats in Japan, and suggested that RV would have to be checked during the microbiological monitoring of laboratory rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[CT-guided stereotactic surgery of brain abscess].

Seven patients with brain abscess underwent CT-guided stereotactic aspiration using Iseki's stereotactic apparatus. Three of them were under the age of fifteen and four were older than thirty. The lesions were single and round in four cases, multilobular in two and multiple in one patient. Operations were performed after systemic administration of antibiotics for more than two weeks and after capsule formation was confirmed on CTs. Preoperative volume of the abscesses was estimated from CTs. The target point chosen was the center of the ring of the largest diameter in the enhanced lesion. Abscess was aspirated under monitoring with intraoperative CT scan. No continuous drainage was performed and no antibiotics were given directly into the abscess cavity. In all cases the center of the abscess was punctured with a single trial. Average volume of the preoperative brain abscesses was 18.8ml. Aspirated volume at the time of the operation averaged 16.9ml and all the abscesses decreased to unmeasurable size on CTs. In five of seven patients abscesses were cured after a single aspiration, and in one case after the second operation. One case required extirpation of the lesion. During the follow-up period of four months to five and a half years six patients showed no recurrence. One patient died of unrelated cause four and a half years after the operation. No operative complication was noted. There was no operative morbidity or mortality. Using a CT guided stereotactic method, brain abscess is punctured so accurately, regardless of its location and size, that damage to the surrounding brain during operation can be minimized. Therefore it is highly possible to aspirate abscesses completely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A new apparatus using the Micro Ultra-Sonic Aspirator (MUSA) system for microneurosurgery].

Matsumoto was the first to present the NIIC UltraSonic Aspirator for CT guided stereotactic aspiration of intracerebral hematoma. Based on the NIIC Aspirator, the authors have developed a useful tool for microsurgery by adapting conventional ultrasonic aspirators. This was done by making the aspirator lighter and more handy for use during microsurgical procedures. A newly devised apparatus using the Micro Ultra-Sonic Aspirator (MUSA) was applied clinically to surgical treatment for brain tumors, arterio-venous malformations (AVMs) and intracerebral hematomas. Using the MUSA system, it became easier to remove successfully tumorous mass and the nidus of AVM, because it minimized the risk of injury to the normal structures such as the surrounding brain tissue, vascular systems and the cranial nerves.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1988

[Development of a highly sensitive assay for serum thyroglobulin using avidin-biotin system and its clinical application].

The authors have developed a highly sensitive sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for serum thyroglobulin using the biotin-avidin system. The sensitivity of this EIA was 0.1 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation was 4-15% and 4-11%, respectively. Human Tg in serum was detectable in 100% of 63 normal subjects, and the normal range was from 2.3 ng/ml to 47.4 ng/ml. The recovery rate was very good. Then we applied this EIA to the follow-up study of patients with thyroid cancer. Serum Tg levels were serially determined in 15 patients with thyroid cancer who had undergone thyroidectomy (n = 9 subtotal, n = 6 total) and were receiving thyroid hormone suppression therapy. It was found that there were three groups in regard to the relationship between serum TSH and Tg. The first group showed normal TSH and normal Tg levels (n = 4). The second group showed TSH levels that were lower than the lower limit of the assay, whereas Tg levels were within the normal limit (n = 5). The last group showed both TSH and Tg that were lower than the lower limit (n = 6). In one case in the last group, recurrence of thyroid cancer was forecast by the change of Tg levels (from below 0.1 ng/ml to 5.9 ng/ml). Therefore, it is important to suppress serum Tg and TSH levels as much as possible in order to obtain the best usefulness of serum Tg determination in the follow-up study of thyroid cancer in patients who have undergone subtotal thyroidectomy or have residual thyroid tissue. We also measured Tg levels in patients with untreated Graves' disease. Twelve patients were negative for anti-Tg antibody and 18 were positive for anti-Tg antibody. Even in the antibody positive cases, serum Tg could be detected and their levels could be calculated from the recovery studies. The mean serum Tg levels in antibody positive cases were lower than in negative cases. These studies showed that our sensitive EIA for serum Tg determination was useful in practice in patients with thyroid disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Thyroid functions before and after maintenance hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure.

To study the factors involved in the low thyroid hormone levels in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), we investigated thyroid functions just before and after hemodialyses (HD) in 32 such patients who were on maintenance HD. In addition, we measured serum thyroid hormone binding inhibitor activities (THBI) in another set of 37 patients. None of the patients had been suspected of having thyroid diseases. HD duration and aging did not have a significant effect on the results of the thyroid function tests. Before each HD, the serum concentrations of T3, T4, FT3, FT4, rT3, PBI, FT3I, FT4I, FT3/T3, FT4/T4, T4/TBG, T4/TSH and FT4/TSH were lower, and those of TSH, TBG, and thyroglobulin (Tg) were higher in the patients than in normal controls. The thyroid hormone concentrations were negatively correlated with the BUN and creatinine levels. The Tg levels were positively correlated with the BUN levels. After each HD, almost all the thyroid function tests including T4/TBG ratio showed improvements, which indicated that hemodilution and a decrease in the T4-binding affinity of TBG with thyroid hormones were the major factors in the low thyroid hormone levels in CRF patients. However, even after HD, T3, FT3, rT3, T4/TSH and FT4/TSH were still lower and TSH and Tg were still higher in the patients. These data suggested that the CRF patients were in a subclinical hypothyroid state. THBI was high in patients with CRF and did not change following HD. NEFA did not seem to contribute to the high THBI before HD, because they were in the normal range. However, as NEFA became very high after HD and possessed THBI, we calculated the corrected THBI (C-THBI) by subtracting the effect of NEFA from total THBI. C-THBI was high before HD and decreased after HD. Therefore, it was suggested that this C-THBI contributed to the abnormalities in the affinity of TBG with thyroid hormones. From these studies, it is concluded that (1) the patients with CRF may be in a subclinical hypothyroid state, although hemodilution was seen to have a strong effect on the thyroid hormone concentrations, and (2) C-THBI may have an effect on the affinity of TBG with thyroid hormones and play an additional role in low thyroid hormone levels in these patients. The mechanisms of hypothyroidism and the nature of C-THBI remain to be clarified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Identification of location of electrode tip during percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol injection (PRGI) with blink reflexes elicited by direct stimulation of trigeminal complex (DBR)].

In order to identify the location of the electrode tip during percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol injection (PRGI), the blink reflex (DBR) following direct stimulation of the trigeminal complex (the gasserian ganglion, trigeminal rootlets, or the 3rd division of the trigeminal nerve) was obtained from 6 patients with trigeminal neuralgia. 1) The waveform of the DBR was very similar to that of the blink reflex (BR) elicited by percutaneous stimulation of the 1st division of the trigeminal nerve. However, the latency of early reflex (R1) as well as late reflex (R2) of the DBR was approximately 2 msec shorter than that of the conventional BR. 2) When the electrode tip was introduced into the gasserian ganglion, the DBR showed the largest response under the same recording condition, whereas the DBR was not recorded when the tip of the electrode was placed into either the arachnoid space or the subdural space. The each DBR response, however, showed the same configuration when the electrode tip was situated at the territory of the 1st, 2nd or 3rd division of the trigeminal nerve within the gasserian ganglion or the trigeminal cistern. 3) The DBR always appeared under the anesthesia with the intravenous administration of 10 mg diazepam and 30 mg pentazocine. 4) Based on the present study, the DBR proved to be an usuful parameter in determining whether the electrode tip is introduced into the trigeminal complex or not, particularly in the case of patients having no reliable sensory response to electrical stimulation.

Aged↗